升金湖湿地景观格局变化对越冬鹤类地理分布的影响

升金湖湿地是安徽省内的唯一以越冬鹤类为保护对象的国家级自然保护区。研究湿地景观格局变化对越冬鹤类地理分布的影响在恢复湿地生态系统、保护鹤类种群等方面具有重要参考价值。该文对升金湖湿地的白头鹤、白鹤、灰鹤及白枕鹤越冬鹤类的地理分布特征进行了分析,结合升金湖湿地1986～2017年间的8期遥感影像分析景观格局变化特征,并探讨了景观格局变化对越冬鹤类地理分布特征的影响。结果表明:1986～2017年间,升金湖湿地景观格局变化显著,斑块数量增加,景观破碎化严重。泥滩地、草滩地、建设用地、水田面积总体呈增加态势,旱地、林地、芦苇滩地及水域面积总体呈减少态势;4种鹤类数量总体呈减少趋势。鹤类主要地理分布区域为水域、水田、芦苇滩地、泥滩地及草滩地;升金湖湿地景观破碎化不断加剧,鹤类地理分布区域面积整体上在逐渐减少,适宜鹤类生境面积减少,直接导致近30年来鹤类数量逐渐减少。

Influence of Landscape Pattern Change of Shengjin Lake Wetland on the Geographical Distribution of Overwintering Cranes

Shengjin Lake Wetland is the only National Nature Reserve aiming at protecting the wintering cranes in Anhui province. It has an important reference value to study the effect of wetland landscape pattern change on the geographical distribution of wintering cranes for restoring wetland ecosystem, protecting the crane population, etc. This paper analyzes the geographical distribution characteristics of the wintering cranes including Hooded Crane, Snow Crane, Common Crane and White-naped Crane in Shengjin Lake Wetland. Based on the eight periods of remote sensing images of Shengjin Lake Wetland from 1986 to 2017, we analyze the landscape pattern change characteristics and discuss the influence of landscape pattern change on the geographical distribution characteristics of wintering cranes. The results indicate that from 1986 to 2017, the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake Wetland changed significantly: the number of patches increased, and the landscape fragmentation was serious. On the whole, the mudflats, grasslands, construction land, and paddy field area increased, while dry land, forest, reed beach, and water area decreased, which give rise to the decrease of the number of the four species cranes. And the main geographical distribution areas of cranes are water area, paddy field, reed beach, mudflats, and grasslands. The fragmentation of landscape in Shengjin Lake Wetland has been continuously intensified, and cranes’ geographical distribution area has been gradually reduced on the whole and habitat areas which are suitable for cranes have decreased, thus directly leading to the gradual decrease of crane population in the past 30 years.