江阴市近5年生态足迹计算与分析

生态足迹理论是通过跟踪区域的资源和能源消费，将它们转化为提供这种物质流所必须的生物生产性土地面积，并与生态承载力进行比较，以此衡量区域可持续发展状态。利用生态足迹理论，计算了江阴市1997～2001年5年间的生态足迹变化过程。结果表明，江阴市的人均生态足迹供给约为0.30 hm2·cap-1，而人均生态足迹消费从1997年的1.65 hm2·cap-1提高到2001年的2.04 hm2·cap-1，生态压力不断增大，生态赤字显著提高。对江阴市生态足迹构成进行分析，因素贡献大小依次排列为：化石能源>耕地>牧草地>水域>建筑用地>林地。化石能源消费的份额最大，超过50％,与江阴市高强度的经济活动有关；与此同时，食物生产消费也占较大份额。5年间单位GDP的生态足迹呈下降趋势，表明江阴市的资源利用效率明显提高。

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS FOR THE PERIOD FROM 1997 TO 2001 IN JIANGYIN CITY

Ecological footprint is suggested to offer a conceptual framework and methodology to evaluate sustainability, and is described with the area of productive areas and water ecosystems, which is necessary to produce the resources and energy consumed in a region. We can measure the sustainable situation of a region by comparing the ecological footprint with the ecological capacity.Based on the theory of ecological footprints, the authors calculated the ecological footprints of Jiangyin (a county grade city of Jiangsu Province) from 1997 to 2001. The results showed that ecological capacity of Jiangyin was about 0.30 hm\+2·cap\+\{-1\} in recent years, while the ecological footprints increased from 1.65 hm\+2·cap\+\{-1\}to 2.04 hm\+2·cap\+\{-1\}.The ecological deficits of Jiangyin went up gradually and regional ecological pressure increased continually. The orders of the factors that brought about the ecological footprints were as followings: fossil energy> arable land > pasture land>water area>construction land> forestland. The consumption of fossil energy took up the most shares (above 50%) of the ecological footprints, showing that the highly intense development and heavy consumption of energy had brought great pressure to ecosystem. Meanwhile, the production of food also took up many shares of the footprints. During the five years, the ecological footprints of 1×10\+4 yuan GDP declined , implying that the resources efficiency had been improved in Jiangyin City.