湖南武陵山片区乡村转型时空演化特征及其影响因素分析

乡村转型是激发乡村发展活力，实现乡村可持续发展的重要路径。深入开展连片特困地区乡村转型发展研究对推动精准扶贫与乡村振兴有机衔接具有重要意义。通过构建乡村转型评价指标体系，采用均方差决策法、地理探测器等方法，对2006～2016年湖南武陵山片区乡村转型时空演化特征及其影响因素进行研究。研究表明：（1）湖南武陵山片区乡村转型度整体呈现出明显上升态势，乡村转型度较高的县域数量不断增加，乡村转型度较低的县域数量不断减少。（2）乡村转型度高值区主要分布在武陵源区、鹤城区、吉首市、冷水江市等县（市、区），低值区主要分布在片区的东南部和西北部，总体呈现出“中部高、西北-东南低”的空间格局特征。（3）湖南武陵山片区乡村转型空间分异是多种因素综合作用的结果，人均GDP、人均固定资产投资是主导因素，其次是人均地方财政收入、人均社会消费品零售额、人均储蓄存款；各影响因子之间的交互作用对乡村转型空间分异作用力更强。不同区域应合理有序推动乡村转型发展，从而实现精准扶贫与乡村振兴的有机衔接。

Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Rural Transformationand and Its Influencing Factors Analysis in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province

Rural transformation is an important way to stimulate the vitality of rural development and achieve sustainable development of rural areas. It is of great significance to carry out in-depth research on rural transformation development in contiguous and extremely poor areas to promote the organic connection between targeted poverty alleviation and Rural Revitalization. By constructing the evaluation index system of rural transformation, using the method of mean square deviation decision-making and geographical detector, this paper studies the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of rural transformation in Wuling mountain area of Hunan Province from 2006 to 2016. The results show that: (1) from The overall rural transformation degree in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province shows an obvious upward trend, the number of counties with higher rural transformation degree is increasing, and the number of counties with lower rural transformation degree is decreasing. (2) The high value areas of rural transformation are mainly located in Jishou City, Hecheng District, Wulingyuan District, Lengshuijiang City and other counties (cities and districts), while the low value areas are mainly located in the southeast and northwest of the area, showing a spatial pattern characteristic of “high in the middle area and low in the northwest-southeast area”. (3) The spatial differentiation of rural transformation in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province is the result of a multiple factors. GDP per capita and fixed asset investment per capita are the leading factors, followed by local fiscal revenue per capita, retail sales of social consumer goods per capita and savings deposits per capita;The interaction among the influencing factors has a stronger effect on the spatial differentiation of rural transformation. Different regions should reasonably and orderly promote the transformation and development of rural areas in a reasonable and orderly way, so as to realize the organic connection between targeted poverty alleviation and Rural Revitalization.