水污染物排放总量控制方法研究--以无锡城北地区为例

水环境已经成为整个苏南地区经济发展的制约因素之一，为实现经济效益与环境效益协调发展，对水污染物排放实行总量控制至关重要。在对无锡城北地区水污染物负荷、水环境现状及水环境功能充分调查的基础上，结合该区域的水文特征和排水规划，统计分析出区域内水污染物的排放总量，根据污水集中处理方案，计算出区域水污染物的削减量，然后运用河网水质模型，预测水污染物削减后河流水质改善状况，以改善后水环境质量为本底值，以下游水环境保护目标的环境功能为控制要求，反推该区域在污水实行集中处理后所能接纳的水污染物排放总量。通过科学计算得知区域水环境纳污能力为19.8 t/d，由此确定的经济规模有限，必将制约地方经济的发展，提出了扩大水环境纳污能力的有效途径，并提出了建设无锡地区污水入江通道的设想。

STUDY ON THE METHOD ABOUT TOTAL QUANTITY CONTROL OF POLLUTANT DISCHARGE --TAKING THE NORTHERN PART OF WUXI AS AN EXAMPLE

Water environment has become a main factor influencing the economy development in the south of Jiangsu Province. In order to achieve the integrated development in economy and environment protection the implementation of total quantity control of pollutant discharge is important. Based on abundant investigation about the load of water pollutants, the situation and function of water environment, in consideration of the hydrological character and the draining plan of the area, the authors analysed the amount of water pollutant discharge in this area and figure out the amount of water pollutants reduction in this area according to the concentration handle plan about water pollutant. Then,the application of the water quality model about river networks to predict the improvement of water quality after reduction is being made. Regarding the result as nature value and the function district of water environment protective goal in lower reaches of river as controlling demand, the authors deduce the maximum capacity for water pollutants if concentrative handle all rivers in this area. After scientific calculation it was got that the maximum capacity of containing water pollutant is 19.8 t/d, it makes economical scale limited and strongly influences the economic development of this area. The authors put forward some approach to expand the capacity of containing water pollutants and suggest to build a special channel to make polluted water flow into the Yangtze River.