四湖地区涝渍地农用土地适宜性评价

分析了四湖地区土地利用现状,其宜农耕地最多,作物种类繁多,耕作制度也多样,水域面积大,可养殖面积占水域的一半以上,其养殖潜力很大;宜林、宜放牧土地少;后备土地资源较少。土地利用的主要障碍因子是水文与排水。存在的主要问题是：土地利用的产出效率低;种植业结构欠合理;掠夺式经营,土壤肥力减退,污染加重;滥占耕地现象日趋严重;过渡围湖造田导致生态恶化。同时,从气候等方面分析了四湖地区涝渍特征,又着重对现有六种主要种植制度作了简要的适宜性评价。据此,按照系统工程整体性、关联性、有序性的原则,对未来该地区农业总体发展走向、土地利用规划给予了展望。四湖地区农业总体发展走向应是：稳定发展种植业,突破性地发展水产养殖业与畜牧业、积极发展林果业,有重点地发展农副产品加工业。在土地利用规划上,应根据低丘岗地、沿江高亢平地、湖烷洼地、河湖水域等不同地形地貌分异,进行合理布局。并提出了相关对策。

EVALUATION UPON SUITABILITY OF FARMLAND IN WATERLOGGEDLAND IN FOUR-LAKE AREA

The present situation of land utilization in the Four lake area is analyzed. There is a lot of arable land for farming, which are suitable for different crops to growth and have adversity of farming system. There existed a large water area in these region, in which more than one half of it is fit for aquatic culture and with a high potentiality. There is a small area suitable for browse and wood to be planted, and little land resource reserved in Four lake Area. The main disturbance factor in land utilization is hydrology and drainage, in which main problem is a low benefit of output, unreasonable structure of cropping, plundering managing, decrease of soil fertility, aggravation pollution, a strong tendency of abusing arable land, ecological depravation owing to over reclaiming land from lakes etc. While in view of climate the waterlogged features were analyzed, and conducted out brief evaluation upon adaptability of six kind of cropping systems. Based upon that, general tendency in regional agricultural development, and land planning in future are forecasted according to the relevant principles of systemic engineering theory such as the entirety, the relevance and the order etc. The general tendency of agricultural development in the Four lake region should be to develop cropping in steady, to develop aquatic culture and livestock,to positively extend forestry and fruits cultivation, and to populate processing industry of agricultural products and its by products with a certain focal point. When land utilization planning is formulated, in order to achieve the reasonable distribution of land use the differences of land should be considered in landform and territory such as low hill and hillock, high land along with Changjiang River, low lying land and water area etc.Based upon the features of land type, the paper put forward some corresponding countermeasures.