重大工程对血吸虫病流行区扩散的潜在影响

归纳了我国三峡工程、退田还湖及南水北调等一系列重大工程所引起水位、植被及微生物气候等生态环境要素变化对血吸虫唯一中间宿主钉螺分布的影响，分析了血吸虫病疫区的变化趋势和钉螺北移的可能性。研究表明三大工程实施区存在血吸虫病流行的潜在危险，加之我国新增有螺面积明显增多，血吸虫病疫情呈此消彼涨态势，血防工作形势依然严峻。当前国内有关工程对生态环境及血吸虫病影响的研究，主要为局部的调查报告及在现有基础上预测工程对血吸虫病流行的可能影响，生态环境变化还需要时间来验证。因此，建议应用GIS和RS等技术，监测分析生态环境变化，并进一步研究社会经济变动与血吸虫病传播的关系，同时，工程实施地区应提高疫区群众自我防护意识和能力，并结合林业、水利工程建设对有螺环境进行改造.

POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF KEY PROJECTS ON THE DIFFUSION AREAS OF ONCOMELANIA

This article examined the influence on the distribution of Oncomelania,the middle-parasitizeder of schistosome,the changing by ecological environment such as the water level,vegetation and climate,resulted from key projects such as Three Gorges Project,the re-submerging particular polders and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. An analysis to change trends of schistosomiasis-infected regions and the possibility of Oncomelania northing distibutionally predicted that these regions have the potential risks of schistosomiasis, combined with the area of Oncomelania have increased significantly,while the overall situation is still severe. At present,the relevant works on the ecological environment and schistosomiasis research influence,mainly local investigation reports and forecasts on the basis of the existing works on the prevalence of schistosomiasis may affect the ecological environment changes will take time to verify. Therefore our study suggests that using RS and GIS technology to monitor changes in the analysis of the ecological environment and socio-economic changes and further study the relationship between these changes and spread of schistosomiasis,at the same time,areas implementation of the project should increase the areas of the masses of self-protection awareness and ability,combined with forestry,water conservancy projects that have transformed the environment.