南京市秦淮区昼夜人口空间分布估算与分析

人口时空分布研究对于城市规划管理、土地利用布局优化以及生态资源环境评价具有重要的现实意义。以南京市秦淮区为研究区,选择Google Earth平台提供的2014年空间分辨率为0.27 m的高分辨率遥感影像,结合统计资料和实地调查,根据人们日常活动的时空位移规律,获取“人口-昼夜-土地利用”匹配关系,借助地理信息系统建模和空间分析技术,实现100 m格网单元尺度下的昼夜人口空间分布定量模拟,并从街道和建筑斑块尺度对人口空间化结果进行验证,进而分析昼夜人口空间分布格局。结果表明：(1）利用高分辨率遥感影像目视解译和街景地图等多源数据,可有效克服城市复杂下垫面的土地利用类型和建筑物图斑数据较难获取的困难,提高城市人口估算的空间分辨率;(2）利用土地利用类型和建筑物空间属性信息,能够合理地估算建筑物尺度上的昼夜人口空间分布;（3)由于中心城区建筑物功能布局以及城乡发展差异等诸多因素影响,城市中心城区昼夜人口的空间结构存在显著差异,白天人口分布范围较为广泛且部分区域具有显著的集聚特征,而夜晚人口的高值分布则相对分散,高值集聚区向城区周边推移。 关键词： 昼夜人口;时空分布;遥感;地理信息分析;南京市;秦淮区

Estimation and Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Urban Population During the Daytime and Nighttime in Qinhuai District of Nanjing

The study of temporal and spatial distribution of population has great practical significance in urban planning management, land use layout optimization and ecological environment assessment. According to the spatial displacement law of people's daily activities, this research established a relationship model for three components which are urban population, time (daytime and nighttime ) and land use with the help of GIS modeling and spatial analysis technology, then applied this model to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of population. Taking Qinhuai District of Nanjing, China as the study area, this research used the remote sensing image with the spatial resolution of 0.27 m combined with the statistical data and field investigation to quantitatively estimate urban population during the daytime and nighttime, then analyzed its spatial distribution characteristics at 100 m grid scale. Furthermore, the results of urban population spatialization were verified under the scale of streets and buildings. The research results are as follows: (1) The use of multi-source data including high spatial resolution remote sensing images and streetscape maps can effectively overcome the difficulties of obtaining the land use types and building data under the complex urban underlying surface, which can improve the spatial resolution of urban population estimation. (2 ) The spatial distribution of population on the street and the building scale can be reasonably estimated by using the land use type and the spatial attribute information of buildings. (3) Because of the influence of many factors, such as the function layout of urban buildings and the difference between urban and rural development, there are significant distribution differences between the daytime and nighttime population in spatial structure. During the daytime, the spatial distribution of population is much wider, and it has more obvious characteristics of spatial agglomeration compared to that of nighttime. During the nighttime, the region of high value distribution of population is relatively dispersed, and the agglomeration areas transfer to the resident place.