基于GIS与栅格数据的安徽省人居环境自然适宜性测评

科学度量人居环境自然背景的适宜性，有助于合理引导人口分布与流动，促进区域人口、资源环境协调发展。运用GIS技术，以250 m×250 m栅格为基本单元，选取气候、地形、水文、地被、自然灾害等因子，构建人居环境自然适宜性评价模型，定量测评安徽省人居环境自然适宜程度，剖析各类型区的适宜性和限制性。研究表明：安徽省人居环境指数介于33.64～74.58之间，人居环境自然适宜性总体较好，绝大部分地区适宜人类居住，适宜性在空间上大体呈现南高北低的态势，与现有人口分布格局相反。一般适宜区面积最广，占安徽省总面积的46.08%；比较适宜区次之，占31.29%；高度适宜区占22.54%；临界适宜区面积最小，仅占0.08%。安徽省近61.16%的人口分布在一般适宜区，高度适宜区与比较适宜区人口所占比例不足40%，临界适宜区人口极为稀少。地形起伏度和水文指数是造成全省人居环境自然适宜性分异的主要因子，测评结果较为客观地反映了安徽省人居环境的自然本底。全省人口生存与发展的空间较大，人口流动与集聚的适宜范围较广。 关键词： 人居环境；自然适宜性；栅格；GIS；安徽省

Evaluation of Nature Suitability for Human Settlement in Anhui Province Based on GIS and Grid Data

The scientific measurement of the suitability of the natural environment of human settlements will be conducive to guide reasonably the population distribution and mobility,and promote the coordinated development of regional population and the resources and environment.By using GIS technology and taking 250 m×250 m gridas the basic unit,the climate,topography,hydrology,ground cover,natural disasters and other factors were selected to construct the natural suitability evaluation model of human settlements and evaluate quantitatively the natural suitability of human settlements in Anhui Province.On this basis,suitability and restrictive factors of each type of area are analyzed.The research shows that the index of natural suitability of human settlements in Anhui Province is between 33.64 and 74.58,and the natural suitability of human settlements is generally good,and most of the areas are suitable for human settlements,and there is a general trend of "higher in the south while lower in the north" in space which is just opposite to the existing population distribution pattern.Considering area,the general suitable region is the most extensive,accounting for about 46.08％ of the total area of Anhui Province;the more suitable region ranks second,about 31.29％ of the total;the highly suitable region accounts for 22.54％ of the total;the critically suitable region is the smallest,only about 0.08％.About 61.16％ of Anhui's population is concentrated in the general suitable region.The percentage of the highly suitable region and the more suitable region's population is less than 40％.The critically suitable region's population is extremely scarce.Topographic relief and hydrological index are the main factors that cause the natural suitability of the human settlements in the whole province,and the evaluation results reflect objectively the natural background of the human settlements in Anhui Province.The space for the provincial population survival and development is fairly large,and there is a wider suitable range for population mobility and agglomeration.