太湖水域鮈亚科鱼类的时空分布

为了研究太湖水域鮈亚科鱼类的时空分布特征，对2013年度太湖水域8个监测点的渔获物进行统计分析，进一步推测太湖水域鱼类种群结构的变化趋势。结果表明太湖水域鮈亚科鱼类主要分布于近岸区的平台山、贡湖及鲤山湾等监测水域。麦穗鱼、花、棒花鱼及黑鳍鳈为太湖水域鮈亚科鱼类的优势种群，8个监测位点鮈亚科鱼类的渔获数量与总渔获量的比例介于1.84%~27.7%。以渔获数量为基础获得的鮈亚科鱼类多样性指数H′在0.1679~1.6860之间，且太湖水域的鱼类优势种群逐渐趋于单一化、小型化，太湖水域的生态环境演化和过渡捕捞是形成这一趋势的主要原因。 关键词： 太湖；鮈亚科鱼类；时空分布；多样性指数

Spatial-temporal Feature of Gobioninae Fishes in Lake Taihu

In order to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of Gobioninae fishes in Lake Taihu,fish samples from eight monitor sites in 2013 were analyzed in this paper,and fish populations changes were also detected through various methods which included index of relative importance,Margalef,Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and Pielou.The results showed that totally eight species of Gobioninae fishes were captured in Lake Taihu,and those Gobioninae fishes mostly distributed in the nearshore areas at Pingtaishan,Gonghu and Lishanwan.The maximum and minimum Gobioninae fish production appeared in July and May,respectively;whereas the maximum and minimum Gobioninae fish biomass were in April and January,respectively.Investigations indicated that Pseudorasbora parva,Hernibarbus maculatus,Abbottina rivularis and Sarcocheilichthys ntgripinnis were the dominant population in Gobioninae fishes in Lake Taihu.The Gobioninae fishes could account for the total fish captures between 1.84％ and 27.7％,the Gobioninae fishes Shannon-Weiner index(H') ranged between 0.1679 and 1.6860.The dominant fish populations in Lake Taihu were approaching to simplification and miniaturization compared with previous studies.Environmental changes and excessive fishing might be the main reason that caused above spatial-temporal characteristics of Gobioninae fishes in Lake Taihu.