基于栖息地指标法的生态流量研究

以大渡河流域为例，根据指示鱼类对栖息地的环境要求，构建包含水深、水面宽、流速、湿周和过水面积5个参数的栖息地评价体系，选择大渡河上游具有代表性的河段，建立流量与各指标之间的关系式，确定指示鱼类不同阶段的最低流量适宜值，得到满足各栖息地指标要求的最小生态流量。计算得出，足木足河的非避冬期最小生态流量为183～785 m3/s，避冬期为66 m3/s；大金川的非避冬期最小生态流量为266～865 m3/s，避冬期为266 m3/s；梭磨河的全年最小生态流量为283 m3/s；绰斯甲河的非避冬期最小生态流量为319～382 m3/s，避冬期为319 m3/s。区域最小生态流量的确定，可为研究区鱼类的保护提供参考，进而为维系地区生态平衡，协调生态环境与社会发展提供保障

Research of Ecologic Flow based on Habitat Index Method

This article constructed a habitat suitability evaluation index system that consisted of flow velocity,water depth,water surface width,wetted perimeter and wetted area in Dadu River Basin.The construction of this system was based on the habitat environmental requirements of indicative fish.We selected four representative rivers in the upstream of Dadu River and then set up an empirical relationship formula between river flow and each habitat index.Then we determined the minimum appropriate flow standard for indicative fishes in different living periods and calculated the minimum appropriate ecologic flow for satisfying different habitat standards.The results show the minimum ecologic flow in non-avoid winter period in Zumuzu River is 18.3-78.5 m3/s,and 6.6 m3/s in avoid winter period.The minimum ecologic flow in non-avoid winter period in Dajin River is 26.6-86.5 m3/s,and 26.6 m3/s in avoid winter period.The minimum ecologic flow in Suomo River is 28.3 m3/s for the whole year.The minimum ecologic flow in non-avoid winter period in Cuosijia River is 31.9-38.2 m3/s,and 31.9 m3/s in avoid winter period.The determination of regional minimum ecologic flow could provide reference for indicative fish protection in the study area,maintain the regional ecological balance,and coordinate ecological environment and social development.