长江流域的自然保护区发展与生态环境建设

长江流域的自然保护区占全流域面积的5．74％，比我国自然保护区 占国土面积的比例低1．9个百分点。保护区数量在80年代增幅最大，面积在90年代增幅最大，这种不同步性在一定程度上反映出保护区经营管理更加注重建立较多的大保护区，保护较大的生态系统。本流域的各类自然保护区的数量和面积与流域内自然生态系统类型的丰富性和珍稀特种的多样性直接相关。生态系统类的自然保护区多分布在长江一线以南，形成4个明显的集中分布地带。野生生物类自然保护区在川西高原、川黔湘接壤带和鄱阳湖附近比较集中。川西南滇西北、川西高山峡谷区、川鄂湘黔接壤区、南岭山地北部等6个区域成为长江流域自然保护的关键区域。长江流域生态环境建设中必须注意资源植物的持续利用、防护林的质量和生态平衡等问题。

DEVELOPMENT OF NATURE RESERVES AND CONSTRUCTION OF ENVIRONEMNTS IN THE YANGTZE BASIN

The nature reserves cover 5. 74 % of the total area in the Yangtze Basin, which is 1. 9 % lower than the overall mean rate in China. The highest increases in the number of reserves in 1980s and in the area in 1990s show that the construction of larger reserves to protect broad ecosystems has been considered in management practice. The number and area of nature reserves in different categories are related to the richness of ecosystems and the diversity of rare and endangered species in the basin. The nature reserves in the category of ecosystem are mostly distributed to the south of the Yangtze River, forming 4 concentrated regions. The wildlife reserves are concentrated in the western Sichuan, the region around Poyang Lake, the contiguous areas of Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan. The 6 regions, including the contiguous areas of southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan, the west part of Sichuan, the contiguous areas of Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan etc., should be considered as the key ones for conservation in the Yangtze Basin. The sustainable use of resource plants, the quality of shelter forests and the ecological equilibrium are key problems in the environment construction in the Yangtze Basin.