河流型水源地源水有机物种类分布特性及其与消毒副产物关系

研究了不同水文期条件下长三角某典型河流型水源地源水有机物种类分布特性及其与消毒副产物关系。结果表明，该水源地源水有机污染特性呈现出丰水期>平水期>枯水期的特点，水体腐殖化程度依次降低。经树脂富集分离后水样溶解性有机物(DOM)各组分占总有机碳(DOC)的比例有所不同。丰水期：疏水性有机酸(HPO A,38%)>亲水性有机物(HPI,26%)>过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI A,16%)>疏水性有机中性物质(HPO N,12%)>过渡亲水性中性物质(TPI N,8%)；平水期：HPO A(32%)>HPO N(22%)>TPI A(20%)>HPI(18%)>TPI N(8%)；枯水期：HPO A(28%)>TPI A(24%)>HPO N(20%)>HPI(19%)>TPI N(9%)。DOM中仅HPI组分比紫外吸光度值(SUVA)低于原水，其余均高于原水，其中HPO A组分SUVA值最高，是原水的177倍。各水文期条件下，疏水性有机物（疏水性有机酸和疏水性中性物质）对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸生成的贡献，分别超过全部有机物氯化后消毒副产物生成量的60%和65%，表明疏水性有机物是最主要的消毒副产物前体物，应当作为水处理工艺重点去除的有机物组分。各水文期源水有机物特性与消毒副产物生成潜能的关系变化不大，三卤甲烷生成潜能(STHMFP)与SUVA的线性相关度较高，卤乙酸生成潜能(SHAAFP)与SUVA的线性相关度一般。因此，可用水样SUVA值间接反映三卤甲烷生成潜能，以利于在实际生产中快速监控水中消毒副产物前体物的变化趋势

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC OF ORGANIC MATTERS IN THE RIVER TYPE WATER SOURCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DISINFECTION BY PRODUCTS

Chlorine disinfection is the most common disinfection method in the water supply system in China.Those disinfection by products (DBPs) from the method which include carcinogenic,mutagenic and teratogenic effects,have received extensive attention in recent years,among which trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most typical and concerned halogenated organic DBPs. Due to the difference in DBPs formation by different organic matters in the raw water through their physical,chemical and biological behaviors in the treating process,the relationship between species distribution characteristic of organic matters in the raw water and DBPs formation is vital for effective reduction of DBP precursors,reasonable water supply process control and final guarantee of drinking water security.Researches on THMs and HAAs precursors have been comprehensively implemented,however,many of them was based on simulated substances (such as resorcinol),or limited in a single precursor (i.e.THMs or HAAs precursor),and thus there was not enough information about the relationship mentioned above.In addition,compared with the total five controlled HAAs by US EPA,only two kinds of HAAs are under control in China,which make the risks of HAAs in DBPs underestimate in some researches.Therefore,in order to get a more comprehensive understanding on the relationship between species distribution characteristic of organic matters in the raw water and DBPs formation,a typical river type water source in the Yangtze River Delta was selected and investigated during different hydrological periods.Results showed that organic pollution was most serious in the wet period,then in the level period,the last in the dry period,with humification of the water decreasing in the same order.Distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) components in total organic carbon (DOC) of the raw water after resin adsorption process were:hydrophobic acid (HPO A,38%)>hydrophilic fraction (HPI,26%)>transphilic acid (TPI A,16%)>hydrophobic neutral (HPO N,12%)>transphilic neutral (TPI N,8%),HPO A(32%)>HPO N(22%)>TPI A(20%)>HPI(18%)>TPI N(8%),HPO A(28%)>TPI A(24%)>HPO N(20%)>HPI(19%)>TPI N(9%),in the wet period, level period and dry period,respectively.Specific UV absorbance values (SUVA) of DOM components were lower than those in the raw water except HPI.The highest value was in the component HPO A,which was 177 times of that in the raw water.Contributions of hydrophobic organic matters (including hydrophobic acid and hydrophobic neutral) to the formation of THMs and HAAs,were more than 60% and 65% among that of the overall DBPs attributed by all organic matters during the three hydrological periods,indicating hydrophobic organic matters was the major DBP precursors and should be prominently removed in the water supply process.Relationships between organic matters characteristics of the raw water with DBPs formation potential (DBPFP) made few differences during the three hydrological periods,with a high degree of linear correlation of specific THMs formation potential (STHMFP) and SUVA,and a lower degree of linear correlation of specific HAAs formation potential (SHAAFP) and SUVA,indicating that SUVA value could be utilized as an indirect indicator of STHMP and help to facilitate rapid monitoring of changing trends of DBP precursors in the actual production