葛洲坝水利工程对长江中游生态水文特征的影响

为了满足人类社会经济发展要求而修建的水利工程，不可避免地对生态环境造成了巨大影响。从生态水文学角度对长江中游的生态水文特征进行了研究。借鉴国外已有的研究成果，建立了一套指标体系包括长期指标、高流量指标、低流量指标、平均变化指标、涨水落水指标和月流量指标，通过分析指标的变化来评价水利水电工程对生态环境的影响。长江中游是最重要的家鱼自然繁殖区，利用建立的指标体系量化并分析了葛洲坝建坝前后长江中游的生态水文特征变化。分析认为，葛洲坝的修建主要影响涨水落水，对其它生态水文特征影响不大;对于鱼类，涨水过程是刺激鱼类产卵的必要条件，葛洲坝的修建对鱼类产卵造成了一定影响。

INFLUENCE OF GEZHOUBA DAM ON THE ECO-HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MIDDLE REACH OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

Hydropower projects built for social and economical development of a country may have various effects on aquatic ecology.It is thus both scientifically and socially important to evaluate the changes of hydrological processes in relation to this kind of projects.An index system was set up in this paper,including six eco-hydrological characteristic indexes,that is,long-term variables,high-flow variables,low-flow variables,moving-average variables,variables related to the rise and fall of the hydrograph and monthly flow variables.By using the index system,changes in hydrological processes can be evaluated.The index system was applied in this paper to evaluate the changes of eco-hydrological characteristics in the middle reach of the Yangtze River after the construction of Gezhouba hydropower project.It is shown that the construction and operation of Gezhouba Dam has obvious influence on the variables related to the rise and fall of hydrograph.