Behavioral difficulties in 7-year old children in relation to developmental exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands;3. Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;2. Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan;3. Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan;1. Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;2. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0406 Oslo, Norway;4. Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland;5. Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland;6. Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland;1. Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;3. Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPerfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are suspected endocrine disruptors that are highly persistent and neurotoxic in animals. Human epidemiological studies of exposure-related deviations of children's behaviors are sparse. We assessed the associations between prenatal, 5- and 7-year PFAS exposures and behavioral problem scores in 7-year Faroese children.MethodsConcentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were measured in maternal serum and in serum from children at ages 5 and 7 years (n = 539, 508, and 491, respectively). We used multivariable regressions and structural equations models to estimate the covariate-adjusted associations between serum-PFAS concentrations and behavioral difficulties, as assessed by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) at age 7.ResultsSerum-PFOS and PFHxS concentrations declined over time, whereas PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA tended to increase. No associations were observed between prenatal PFAS concentrations and SDQ scores. However, a two-fold increase in 5-year serum-PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA concentrations was associated with increases in total SDQ scores by 1.03 (95% CI: 0.11, 1.95), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.07, 1.38) and 0.78 points (95% CI: 0.01, 1.55), respectively. For SDQ subscales, significant associations were found in regard to hyperactivity, peer relationship, and conduct problems, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems and autism screening composite scores. Cross-sectional analyses at age 7 years showed possible sex-dimorphic associations between PFAS concentrations and SDQ scores, where girls had consistently positive associations with SDQ scores whereas boys exhibited a pattern of negative or null associations.ConclusionsHigher serum PFAS concentrations at ages 5- and 7-years, but not prenatally, were associated with parent-reported behavioral problems at age 7. |
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