Development and non-indigenous species at the global scale |
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Authors: | Ing-Marie Gren Monica Campos |
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Institution: | (1) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;(2) Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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Abstract: | This paper investigates the explanatory power of development, prosperity and regulatory capability as proximate causes of
non-indigenous species (NIS) occurrence in different countries, doing this by statistically analysing a global cross-sectional
data set. Since the quantification of development is subject to much discussion, two different indicators are tested: gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita and the United Nations human development index (HDI). A corruption index is used as an indicator
of regulatory capacity. In addition, variables capturing country openness, which facilitates NIS introduction, and habitat
conditions, which determine NIS establishment, are included as explanatory variables. The GDP indicator together with the
corruption index fits the NIS data best, where the number of NIS is higher in countries with larger incomes. However, countries
with relatively high income but low institutional capacity show a larger number of NIS than countries with a similar level
of income but with higher institutional capacity. The results also point to the significant contributions of openness and
habitat fragmentation to NIS occurrences in the countries. |
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