| 基于卫星和地面观测的中国典型城市群对流层内臭氧时空变化特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭云飞,包云轩,刘端阳. 基于卫星和地面观测的中国典型城市群对流层内臭氧时空变化特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2022, 35(3): 719-730. DOI: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.05 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭云飞 包云轩 刘端阳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报和评估协同创新中心，江苏 南京 210044 |
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| 基金项目： | 无锡市社会发展科技示范工程项目;江苏省与臭氧协同控制重大专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探明近年来中国典型城市群(京津冀城市群、长三角城市群和珠三角城市群)臭氧(O3)污染的发生规律，利用2005—2020年OMI-MLS (臭氧监测仪-微波临边探测器)对流层O3柱总量探测数据以及2015—2020年地面O3浓度监测数据分析我国三大城市群O3的时空分布特征及其演变趋势，结果表明:①对流层O3柱总量月峰值和年均值均呈京津冀城市群>长三角城市群>珠三角城市群的特征，京津冀和长三角城市群对流层O3柱总量均在夏季〔分别为50.0和44.4 DU (dobson unit)〕最高，而珠三角城市群在春季(42.2 DU)最高. ②三大城市群对流层O3柱总量在空间分布上具有不同的特征，京津冀城市群对流层O3柱总量呈东南高于西北的特征，长三角城市群对流层O3柱总量随纬度升高而增大，珠三角城市群对流层O3柱总量南北局地差异较小；海拔对对流层O3柱总量的空间分布有一定影响，海拔越高，对流层O3柱总量越低. ③京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市群对流层O3柱总量均呈逐年显著升高的趋势，年均增长量分别为0.25、0.28和0.27 DU，其中，京津冀城市群在对流层O3柱总量较低的秋冬季年均增长(0.29 DU)最快，而长三角和珠三角城市群分别在对流层O3柱总量最高的夏季和春季增长最快，均为0.39 DU. ④卫星探测的对流层O3柱总量与地面监测的O3日最大8 h滑动平均浓度(简称“O3-8 h浓度”)在京津冀和长三角城市群相关性明显，而在珠三角城市群相关性较差. ⑤O3-8 h浓度呈京津冀城市群>长三角城市群>珠三角城市群的特征，其中，京津冀城市群O3-8 h浓度在2018年(110.9 μg/m3)最高，空间上由2016年之前的北高南低转变为南高北低，多数城市O3污染较重且达标率较低；长三角城市群2017年O3-8 h浓度(106.7 μg/m3)最高，2016年起O3-8 h高浓度中心由东北逐渐向西部内陆迁移，沿海城市达标率增加；珠三角城市群O3污染程度最轻，达标城市较多，但O3-8 h浓度呈逐年上升趋势，并在2019年达最高值(100.4 μg/m3)，且中心城市上升速率远大于外围城市. 研究显示，中国三大城市群对流层O3柱总量和O3-8 h浓度的时空分布特征存在显著差异，造成差异的因素也不同.
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| 关 键 词： | 臭氧(O3) 臭氧监测仪-微波临边探测器(OMI-MLS) 地面监测 典型城市群 时空变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-05 |
Spatial-Temporal Variations of Tropospheric Ozone over Typical Urban Agglomerations in China Based on Satellite and Surface Observations |
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| GUO Yunfei,BAO Yunxuan,LIU Duanyang. Spatial-Temporal Variations of Tropospheric Ozone over Typical Urban Agglomerations in China Based on Satellite and Surface Observations[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2022, 35(3): 719-730. DOI: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.12.05 |
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| Authors: | GUO Yunfei BAO Yunxuan LIU Duanyang |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the O3 pollution pattern of typical urban agglomerations in China (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta) in recent years, the OMI-MLS (Ozone Monitoring Instrument-Microwave Limb Sounder) tropospheric O3 column data from 2005 to 2020 and the surface O3 concentration monitoring data from 2015 to 2020 were collected to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and the evolution trend of O3 in the three urban agglomerations. The results were showed as follows: (1) The monthly peak and annual average values of the total tropospheric O3 column were Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei > Yangtze River Delta > Pearl River Delta. The total tropospheric O3 column amounts in the urban agglomerations of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta were the highest in summer (regional average 50.0 and 44.4 DU (dobson unit) respectively), while the total tropospheric O3 column in the urban agglomeration of Pearl River Delta was the highest in spring (regional average 42.2 DU). (2) The total amounts of tropospheric O3 column of the three urban agglomerations had different characteristics in spatial distribution, showing a trend of high in the southeast and low in the northwest of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and showing a upward trend with increasing latitude in the Yangtze River Delta. However, the difference in the total amount of tropospheric O3 column between the north and the south of the Pearl River Delta was small. One of the common features in the three urban agglomerations was that the higher the altitude, the lower the total amount of tropospheric O3 column. (3) The total amount of O3 column in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations increased significantly year by year, with average annual increase of 0.25, 0.28 and 0.27 DU, respectively. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration increased the most in autumn and winter when the total amount of O3 column was low (0.29 DU), while the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta increased the most in summer and spring when the total amount of O3 column was the highest (both were 0.39 DU), respectively. (4) The correlation between the total amount of O3 column detected by the satellite and the maximum daily 8 h moving average of O3 (O3-8 h) concentration monitored by ground atmospheric environmental observations was obvious in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations, while the correlation was poor in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. (5) The O3-8 h concentration was also the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei > the Yangtze River Delta > the Pearl River Delta. The O3-8 h concentration in the urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was the highest in 2018 (110.9 μg/m3). The O3-8 h concentration spatially changed from high in the north and low in the south before 2016 to the opposite characteristic. In most cities, O3 pollution was serious and the compliance rate was low. The O3-8 h concentration in the urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta was the highest in 2017 (106.7 μg/m3), the high concentration center of O3-8 h gradually shifted from the northeast to the west from 2016. The compliance rate of coastal cities gradually increased. The degree of O3 pollution in the urban agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta was the lowest, and many cities met the standard. However, the O3-8 h concentration increased year by year and reached the highest in 2019 (100.4 μg/m3). The increase in O3-8 h concentration in central cities was much higher than that in peripheral cities. Overall, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total amount of O3 column and the O3-8 h concentration were different significantly in the three major urban agglomerations in China, and the factors that cause the differences were also different. |
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