| 一次性塑料制品的替代管理策略研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 邓义祥,王燕萍,张承龙,王菁菁,安立会. 一次性塑料制品的替代管理策略研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(8): 1973-1978. DOI: 10.13198∕j.issn.1001-6929.2020.05.34 |
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| 作者姓名： | 邓义祥 王燕萍 张承龙 王菁菁 安立会 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（No.2016YFC1402206） |
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| 摘 要： | 一次性塑料是指生产生活中使用一次或几乎不重复利用的塑料，约占塑料总消费量的50%，是塑料制品的重要构成部分.近年来，随着电子商务的兴起，一次性塑料的生产和消费量迅速增长.随着人们对塑料以及由此引起的微塑料污染危害的认识不断提高，国际社会对削减一次性塑料污染的呼声日益高涨，迫切需要开发可持续、环境友好的替代品以减少一次性塑料的消费量.从全球范围来看，一次性塑料制品替代主要包括非塑料材料替代和可生物降解塑料材料替代两大类.建议我国尽快完善相关立法和标准，鼓励一次性塑料制品替代并加强替代产品的质量监管；为一次性塑料制品替代提供差别化的产业政策，提高环境友好替代产品的市场竞争力，同时还应将一次性塑料制品的环境治理成本纳入其价格成本；鼓励科技创新，研发更具市场竞争力的替代材料和产品；最后，还要唤起社会公众的共同参与，主动选择替代产品并减少一次性塑料制品的使用，才能从源头上解决塑料垃圾的污染问题.
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| 关 键 词： | 一次性塑料 塑料污染 替代品 管理策略 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-05-11 |
Management Policies for the Substitutes of Single-Use Plastics |
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| DENG Yixiang,WANG Yanping,ZHANG Chenglong,WANG Jingjing,AN Lihui. Management Policies for the Substitutes of Single-Use Plastics[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 33(8): 1973-1978. DOI: 10.13198∕j.issn.1001-6929.2020.05.34 |
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| Authors: | DENG Yixiang WANG Yanping ZHANG Chenglong WANG Jingjing AN Lihui |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Water Ecology and Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Research Centre of Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China3.Center for Environmental Education and Communications of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | The single-use plastics, which are used only once or hardly recycled, account for 50% of the total plastic consumption. In recent years, with the rapid development of electronic commerce, the production and consumption of single-use plastics have been dramatically increased. As the people''s awareness of harms caused by plastics and the microplastics increases, the calls from the international society on the reduction of single-use plastic pollution have increasingly grown; and it is imperative to develop sustainable and environment-friendly substitutes to eliminate the consumption of single-use plastics. From the global view, the substitutes for the single-use plastics mainly include non-plastic materials and biodegradable plastics. In order to encourage the substitution of the single-use plastics and control the plastic and microplastic pollution, several policy strategies are suggested in this paper. Firstly, the relevant legislation and standards should be improved to encourage the single-use plastic substitution and to strengthen the quality supervision of substitute products. Secondly, differentiated industrial policies for the substitutes should be implemented to promote the market competition of the environment-friendly substitution products, and meanwhile the environment disposition cost should be counted in the price of the single-use plastic products. Thirdly, the scientific innovation should be encouraged to develop more substitution materials and products with market competition. Finally, the public participation should be aroused to voluntarily select the substitution products rather than the single-use products, so as to solve the pollution problem caused by plastic wastes from the original source. |
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| Keywords: | single-use plastics plastic pollution substitutes policy strategies |
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