| 持续创新，打造我国生态环境科技2.0 |
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| 引用本文： | 李海生,李鸣晓,邹天森,郭祥. 持续创新，打造我国生态环境科技2.0[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021, 34(9): 2035-2043. DOI: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.09.01 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李海生 李鸣晓 邹天森 郭祥 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项2019YSKY-015 |
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| 摘 要： | 生态环境科技为我国经济发展和生态保护提供重要的技术支撑，新时期下以习近平生态文明思想为指导，回顾我国生态环境科技进步历程、展望发展方向，对以生态环境科技创新引领带动全社会产业绿色可持续发展具有重大的理论和实践指导意义.首先，回顾我国生态环境科技发展的3个主要阶段:开拓期（1972—1990年），初步建成环境总量容量的科技体系；发展期（1991—2011年），创新了流域区域污染治理的理论和技术；新时期（2012年至今），打造精准治污、系统治理的科技支撑体系.其次，系统梳理总结我国生态环境科技在重点流域区域水污染防治、大气污染治理、土壤污染调查与风险管控及修复、固体废物处置与资源化利用、生态保护修复与监管、环境标准基准建设以及环保产业创新能力7个方面取得的重大成果、为污染防治攻坚战提供的有力支撑.最后，分析我国生态环境科技发展面临的需求与挑战，提出我国生态环境科技2.0时代的治污理念及发展对策:①坚持四个“面向”.一是面向世界科技前沿，夯实生态环境科研基础；二是面向经济主战场，促进生态环境科技成果转化；三是面向国家重大需求，开展生态环境领域集智攻关；四是面向人民生命健康，牢牢把握“环保科技的人民性”.②协同三个系统.一是自然系统，从根源上解决生态环境问题，标本兼治，守住自然系统生态安全边界；二是生产系统，强化科技创新驱动，促进生产系统的绿色循环，形成经济增长的绿色新动能；三是生活系统，开展绿色产品、绿色消费研究创新，推动绿色生活转型.③实现“五个创新”.在绿色发展模式、环境治理理念、环境科研方法、多技术融合以及体制机制上实现多元创新，打造新时期下全面发展的生态环境科技2.0时代.
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| 关 键 词： | 生态环境科技2.0 污染防治攻坚战 科技创新 绿色发展 管理决策 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-25 |
Continuing Innovation,Creating a 2.0 Era of the Eco-Environmental Technology in China |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | Eco-environmental science and technology have provided important technical support to the economic development and eco-conservation in China. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought of eco-civilization of the new era, the review of eco-environmental science and technology development process in China and the prospects of development orientation is of great theoretical and practical guiding significance for leading the green and sustainable development of the industry with the advancement of eco-environmental science and technology. The paper first reviews the three major stages of eco-environmental science and technology development in China: Pioneering period (1972-1990), preliminary establishing science and technology system for the total environmental load capacity; Development period (1991-2011), innovating the theory and technology for pollution prevention in river basin regions; and New era (2012-up till now), establishing the support system of science and technology for precise pollution treatment and systematic governance. Secondly, the paper systematically summarizes the significant achievements of the eco-environmental science and technology of China made in seven fields as well as the support for the battle against the pollution prevention: water pollution prevention of the key river basin, atmospheric pollution prevention, soil contamination investigation and risk control and remediation, solid waste disposal and recycling, eco-conservation and supervision, environmental standard benchmark construction and the innovation capacity of environmental industry. In the end, the paper analyzes the challenges and needs for the development of eco-environmental science and technology in China, and proposes pollution prevention concept and development strategy for the 2.0 Era of eco-environmental science and technology in China. (1) Adhere to four 'orientations': the first is to face the frontier of the world's science and technology and lay a solid foundation for eco-environmental science and research; the second is to face the major battlefield of economy, and facilitate the commercialization of eco-environmental science and research; the third is to face the major needs of the country and carry out research in the field of eco-environment with integrated intelligence; and the fourth is to face the health of the people and firmly stick to 'the nature of environmental science and technology for the people'. (2) Coordinate three systems: the first is to solve the eco-environmental problems from the root cause, address both the symptoms and the root causes, and defense the eco-security border of the nature system; the second is to enhance the drive of innovation in science and technology, promote the green recycling of production system and form green new driving forces for economic growth; and the third is to conduct research and innovation of green products and green consumption and facilitate transition to green living. (3) Realize 'Five innovations': realize multi source innovation in green development mode, environmental treatment concept, environmental science and research methods, multi technology integration, and institutional mechanism, and create a 2. 0 Era of the eco-environmental technology with all-round development in the new era. |
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