| 滇池外海规模化控养水葫芦局部死亡原因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 秦红杰,张志勇,刘海琴,张振华,闻学政,张迎颖,严少华. 滇池外海规模化控养水葫芦局部死亡原因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(4): 594-602. DOI: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201504009 |
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| 作者姓名： | 秦红杰 张志勇 刘海琴 张振华 闻学政 张迎颖 严少华 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，江苏 南京 210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南社会发展项目，国家“十二五”滇池水专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了找出外海规模化控养水葫芦(E.crassipes)局部死亡的原因,于2013年8月对控养水域水葫芦空白对照区、健壮区、轻度枯死区以及重度枯死区的水质理化性质、蓝藻生物量及水生植物病理学等方面进行了比较研究。结果表明:轻度和重度枯死区蓝藻生物量高达(4.21±0.49)×109 cells/L和(757.00±19.00)×109 cells/L,均显著高于空白区和健壮区(0.14±0.09)×109 cells/L和(1.46±0.11)×109 cells/L(P0.05);NH+4-N浓度为11.44±0.02mg/L和369.87±15.37mg/L,均显著高于空白区和健壮区0.32±0.01mg/L和0.34±0.01mg/L(P0.05);轻度和重度枯死区溶氧仅1.40±0.13mg/L和0.30±0.04mg/L显著低于空白区和健壮区的7.70±0.83mg/L和6.80±0.97mg/L(P0.05);枯死区水体氧化还原电位(Eh)较低,重度死亡区水体Eh为-279.70±29.70mv显著低于其他3处水域。并且,通过对枯死水葫芦常规病理学检测,并未发现病变迹象。由此推断:水葫芦死亡原因可能主要由下风向种养区蓝藻过量堆积死亡,致使水质恶化,水体严重缺氧,进而引起水体NH+4-N浓度过高,最终导致水葫芦死亡。这为今后种养水葫芦进行水体生态修复理论研究与实践运用提供借鉴和参考,也为利用水葫芦作为蓝藻拦截带,在水葫芦影响下的湖泊营养物质迁移与氮、磷、碳循环动力学提出了新的研究内容。
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| 关 键 词： | 水葫芦 富营养化 蓝藻水华 水生态系统 |
ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH CAUSES OF WATER HYACINTH PLANTED IN LARGE-SCALE ENCLOSURES IN THE AREA OF WAIHAI IN THE DIANCHI LAKE |
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| QIN Hong-jie,ZHANG Zhi-yong,LIU Hai-qin,ZHANG Zhen-hua,WEN Xue-zheng,ZHANG Ying-ying,YAN Shao-hua. ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH CAUSES OF WATER HYACINTH PLANTED IN LARGE-SCALE ENCLOSURES IN THE AREA OF WAIHAI IN THE DIANCHI LAKE[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin, 2015, 24(4): 594-602. DOI: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201504009 |
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| Authors: | QIN Hong-jie ZHANG Zhi-yong LIU Hai-qin ZHANG Zhen-hua WEN Xue-zheng ZHANG Ying-ying YAN Shao-hua |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjng 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | n recent years, with the rapid growth of economy and population, a large amount of wastewater with high level of N and P has been discharged into the natural waters. It has been speeding up the process of eutrophication of lakes. The Dianchi Lake is in a status of heavy eutrophication, accompanied with frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. Many efforts have been proposed to improve water quality. Bioremediation with water hyacinths was one of the most efficient approaches to reduce the nutrient load and control cyanobacterial blooms. Partial death of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in large scale confine planted enclosures in Waihai of Dianchi Lake was however observed. Water physicochemical properties, cyanobacterial biomass and the phytopathology of water hyacinth were investigated in areas of normal growth, mild death, and severe death as well as the blank control (area without water hyacinth planted) in August, 2013, in order to find out the causes of death. The results showed that the cyanobacterial biomass in the plots of mild death and severe death ((421±049)×109 cells/L and (75700±1900)×109 cells/L, respectively) were significantly (P＜005) higher than those in the plots of control and normal growth ((014±009)×109 cells/L and (146±011)×109 cells/L, respectively). The same trend was observed for the concentration of NH+4 N. The concentration of NH+4 N in the plots of mild death and severe death (1144±002 mg/L and 36987±1537 mg/L) were significantly (P＜005) higher than those in the plots of control and normal growth (032±001 mg/L and 034±001 mg/L). The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the plots of mild death and severe death were only 140±013 mg/L and 030±004 mg/L, respectively, which were significantly (P<005) lower than those in the control and normal growth plots (770±083 mg/L and 680±097 mg/L); The redox potential of the severe death plots (Eh -27970±2970 mv) (Eh) was significantly (P<005) lower than those in the other three plots. In addition, no evidence of plant disease was found based on pathological detection. Hence, the death causes of water hyacinth might be a consequence of cyanobacteria accumulation, followed by algal biomass decomposition which resulted in hypoxia of water with excessively high concentration of NH+4 N. These findings could provide references on theory and practice for aquatic ecosystem restoration with water hyacinth. The present research has brought up a topic of using water hyacinth as a cyanobacteria blocker, which will influence the migration of nutrients and the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycle in lakes. Further research in this field may provide new strategies of ecological restoration in practice. |
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| Keywords: | water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) eutrophication cyanobacteria bloom aquatic ecosystem |
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