不同水源灌溉的农田表层土壤中多氯联苯和多溴联苯醚的浓度分布特征

本工作主要关注北京郊区污水河、地下水及混合水源灌溉的3块农田的表层土壤中,26种多氯联苯(PCBs)和14种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的浓度分布特征,并对目标污染物各单体浓度之间的相关性进行了统计学分析.结果显示,所有供试表层土壤样品中共检出26种PCBs(∑26PCBs),浓度水平范围为130—1.93×103ng.kg-1干重.检出的PCBs种类包括12种共平面多氯联苯异构体(15.6—433 ng.kg-1干重),6种指示型多氯联苯异构体(50.7—452 ng.kg-1干重)和其它8种多氯联苯同系物(52.1—1.15×103ng.kg-1干重).同时还检出14种多溴联苯醚同系物(∑14PBDEs),浓度水平范围为1.81—14.4μg.kg-1干重,其中十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)为最主要的组分,约占总组分94%以上.污水河河水和地下水混合灌溉的农田中PCBs和PBDEs的浓度大于地下水灌溉农田中的含量.此外,在所有样品中发现高氯代的多氯联苯同系物(氯原子数≥4)浓度之间存在显著的相关性,可能与灌溉水源和土壤对高氯代联苯的强保留等因素有关.     

辽河流域高氟地区氟对人体健康的影响

研究了辽河流域高氟地区土壤、作物、饮用水中氟含量,并应用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对辽河流域高氟地区饮用水中氟所引起的健康风险进行初步评价。研究表明：研究区饮用水中氟质量浓度为0．70—4．51mg·L^-1;白菜根土中氟质量分数为182—484mg·kg^-1,萝卜根土质量分数为182～352mg·kg^-1,玉米根土中氟质量分数为209～1254mg·kg^-1;白菜可食部分氟质量分数为0．51～2．96mg·kg^-1,萝卜可食部分氟质量分数为0．34～0．50mg·kg^-1,玉米果实部分氟质量分数为0．88～1．04mg·kg^-1。通过饮用水、食物途径所致健康风险中,食人途径、饮用水途径非致癌物年健康风险分别为1．920×10^-9·a^-1,1．960×10^-8·a^-1,均低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平（5×10^-5·a^-1）。     

广州地区孕妇羊水中PCBs暴露水平初步研究

随机采集广州地区非职业PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls,多氯联苯)暴露单胎孕妇分娩时羊水,分析羊水中PCBs浓度水平;结合孕妇临床资料(年龄、孕周、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI))以及孕妇居住环境信息等,阐明了广州地区非职业暴露孕妇羊水PCBs蓄积的影响因素。结果表明,∑33PCBs浓度为15.91-324.38 ng·g-1,平均值为114.34±83.52 ng·g-1,中值为84.8 5ng·g-1;其中十氯含量最低,平均浓度为2.66±3.46 ng·g-1,中值为1.47 ng·g-1;六氯PCBs含量最高,平均浓度为28.79±33.84 ng·g-1,中值为17.48 ng·g-1。样本中有31种PCBs同分异构体在孕妇羊水中检出,分别为PCB 8、28、30、49、52、70、74、77、82、87、99、101、105、114、118、126、128、138、153、156、158、166、169、170、179、180、183、187、189、198和209;羊水主要的PCBs暴露以五氯PCBs、六氯PCBs和七氯PCBs为主,主要的同分异构体为PCB 138(4.73%)、179(4.15%)、153(3.92%)、183(3.89%)、166(3.77%)、187(3.74%)以及180(3.67%);暴露水平与美国、西班牙、加拿大等地区相比属于严重水平。统计结果显示,年龄、身体质量指数和孕周与PCBs蓄积有显著性正相关关系;工业区居住的孕妇相与非工业区居住孕妇相比,上述统计结果更为显著。     

杭州市多环芳烃的干、湿沉降

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类典型的持久性有机物,在各种环境介质广泛存在。为了研究干湿沉降对空气中PAHs的去除,采集了杭州市6个干沉降尘土样品、9个湿沉降雨水样品、5个湿沉降雪样品和6个地表径流样品,用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了其中15种多环芳烃的浓度水平,比较了这些介质中PAHs的分布特点。结果表明,降尘中15种PAHs的总平均质量分数为4323ng·g^-1;雨水、雪水和地表径流样品中15种PAHs的总平均质量浓度分别为558.4ng·L^-1、765.1ng·L^-1和576.3ng·L^-1。地表径流、雨水、雪水和干沉降尘土4种样品中,都以4环PAHs为主,其次为3环PAHs。降雪比降雨对PAHs的去除效果更好,地表径流中PAHs主要来自雨水。根据杭州市大气降尘通量和降雨量,估算了PAHs的干湿沉降通量。杭州市辖区大气中每年PAHs的干湿沉降通量分别为1419.1kg和2689.8kg,湿沉降是PAHs去除的主要方式,约为干沉降去除总量的2倍。     

大型钢铁厂及其周边土壤多环芳烃污染现状调查、评价与源解析

采用气相色谱-质谱联机方法(GC-MS)分析了东北某钢铁厂及周边居住区、风景区共11个采样点表层土壤样品16种多环芳烃(PAHs),结果表明,钢铁工业区16种PAHs(∑PAHs)浓度范围为3.39×103—1.54×105ng·g-1,平均浓度3.21×104ng·g-1;居住区∑PAHs浓度范围为587—6.70×103ng·g-1,平均浓度3.82×103ng·g-1;风景区千山∑PAHs浓度385 ng·g-1.∑PAHs和Bap浓度均呈工业区>居住区>风景区趋势.与国内外其他研究结果相比,该钢铁工业区及其周边居住区土壤PAHs污染相对较为严重,11个采样点中有9个采样点土壤∑PAHs为严重污染,4个采样点苯并(a)芘(Bap)浓度超过加拿大土壤质量基准.利用特征比值法(Diagnostic Rate)和主成分分析法(Principal component analysis,PCA)对钢铁工业区及其周边地区土壤进行了源解析,结果表明,钢铁工业区土壤中PAHs主要来源于焦炉、燃煤、柴油燃烧等污染源,周边地区土壤除受工业污染源排放影响外,机动车汽油、柴油污染排放也有重要影响.     

渤海湾南排河海域脉红螺中多氯联苯的污染特征

本文利用气相色谱-质谱/质谱测定了渤海湾南排河海域野生脉红螺肌肉组织中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量,并对其污染特征进行讨论.结果表明:(1)肌肉中多氯联苯(∑PCBs)总浓度在8.40—10.06 ng.g-1(lw,以脂肪质量计)之间,其中PCB-114含量最高(0.74—1.06 ng.g-1(lw));(2)五氯联苯和六氯联苯为主要检出组分,占∑PCBs的43.7%—84.8%;(3)雌性脉红螺个体中PCBs的平均浓度略高于雄性及性畸变脉红螺中PCBs的平均浓度,分别为(10.06±0.89)ng.g-1(lw)、(8.40±0.63)ng.g-1(lw)和(8.51±0.67)ng.g-1(lw),但性别间无显著性差异.     

太湖流域水源地多氯联苯分布特征与污染水平

为系统了解太湖流域主要水源地多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染现状,于2012年3月和6月分别采集水相、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物样品,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对PCBs的浓度进行了分析。结果表明,3月水相、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中均未检测出PCBs类物质。6月水相中PCBs质量浓度在ND~1.04 ng·L~(-1)之间,平均值为0.57 ng·L~(-1),悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中PCBs质量浓度分别在0.96~2.72 ng·g-1和0.47~1.29 ng·g-1之间。Aroclor 1016和Aroclor 1260在3种介质中均有检出,且Aroclor1016浓度均为最高。与国内外研究相比较,太湖流域主要水源地PCBs污染水平较低。水相中PCBs浓度水平低于我国地表水环境质量标准;悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中PCBs浓度水平均低于加拿大保护水生环境沉积物化学品风险评价标准的LEL值,说明各样点PCBs对底栖动物无毒性影响。     

典型烧结厂周边土壤多氯联苯的环境污染特征

本文以唐山某典型烧结厂为研究对象,对铁矿石烧结厂排放的烟气及周边土壤样品进行采集,应用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱联用法(HRGC/HRMS)测定了多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量,并研究了PCBs的同类物分布特征.其中烟气样品中类二英PCBs(dl-PCBs)总浓度为1.04—1.77ng·m~(-3),毒性当量值为8.99—19.32pg·WHO-TEQ·m~(-3).烧结厂周边土壤样品中dl-PCBs的总浓度为8.81—403.59pg·g~(-1),毒性当量值为0.05—0.65pg·WHO-TEQ·g~(-1),是背景土壤样品的(0.035pg·WHO-TEQ·g~(-1))的1—19倍.可以看出,该烧结厂周边环境土壤受到了企业所排放PCBs等有毒污染物的影响.大部分土壤样品的同类物分布特征相似;CB-118对土壤dl-PCBs浓度贡献率最大,贡献率为31.74%.CB-101对土壤指示性PCBs浓度贡献率最大,贡献率为52.82%.将土壤样品和烟气样品的同类物分布进行比较发现二者略有不同.尽管都是以低氯代同类物为主,但是烟气样品中最高的同类物是TrCBs,且随着氯代数的增加,浓度呈现明显下降的趋势;而土壤样品PeCBs浓度最高,PeCBs前后都呈现逐级下降的趋势.唐山市此烧结厂周边土壤无论是TEQ值,指示性PCBs总浓度,PCBs总浓度与其它研究相比都处于较高水平.     

广州不同地表下垫面对暴雨径流PAHs含量的影响特征

城市频发暴雨过程中,地表径流携带大量有机污染物进入水体,对水环境质量影响极其显著。以广州市帽峰山的水文试验场为基础,对比观测了林区3种下垫面类型(草地、水泥、沥青)的暴雨径流,及2种森林生态系统暴雨水文过程中有机污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量特征,解析不同地表下垫面及森林生态系统对暴雨产流PAHs含量的影响。结果表明,(1)市区及林区10次暴雨∑16PAHs的平均质量浓度分别为126.1、112.7ng·L~(-1),市区暴雨中PAHs较林区高13.4ng·L~(-1)。(2)不同地表垫面径流中PAHs的污染负荷为沥青地表水泥地表草地地表,与林区暴雨中∑16PAHs相比,草地及水泥地表垫面分别表征出32%、13%的滤除效应,沥青地表垫面表征出111%的增加效应。(3)相对林区暴雨,阔叶林、杉阔混交林两种森林生态系统总径流∑16PAHs质量浓度分别下降了45.43、69.64ng·L~(-1),滤除效应分别达到40%、58%。阔叶林林冠层吸附了暴雨中14%的∑16PAHs,其地表层向径流中贡献了17%的∑16PAHs;杉阔混交林地表径流∑16PAHs浓度较暴雨低32%。本研究反映出广州市植被下垫面可有效滤除暴雨有机污染物,结果可为珠三角以及其他城市的生态环境保护提供依据。     

西藏农田土和农作物中多氯联苯的分布、环境行为和健康风险评估

南亚排放的多氯联苯类污染物(PCBs)可随大气传输到西藏南部,并沉降到农田等区域。农田中的PCBs能够经食物链进入人体,从而可能对人体健康产生影响。但目前尚无西藏农田PCBs环境过程和农作物健康风险评估的研究。本研究通过同步采集西藏农田土壤和农作物,发现西藏农田土壤、青稞和油菜PCBs的浓度均值分别为5.1 pg·g-1dw、13.5 pg·g-1dw和10.9 pg·g-1dw,低于全球其他地区。青稞和油菜对PCBs的生物富集系数都大于1,说明PCBs在农作物中发生了生物富集现象。模型模拟结果显示,农田土壤中99.6%的PCBs都富集在土壤有机质中,只有0.38%的PCBs进入了植物根系。因此,青稞直接从大气中吸收PCBs是其对PCBs积累和富集的主要途径。基于饮食结构(青稞、牛肉、牛奶和酥油),西藏人群PCBs摄入均值为0.75 ng·kg-1bw·d-1,低于安全阈值约一个数量级。PCBs的食物摄入不会对西藏居民健康状况产生明显影响。     

Monitoring and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in agricultural soil from two industrialized areas

For monitoring and risk assessment, levels and distributions of Σ₂₉ PCBs in paddy soil samples collected from Gwangyang (10 sites) and Ulsan (20 sites), heavily industrialized cities in Korea, were investigated using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, total concentrations of Σ₂₉ PCBs in Gwangyang (216.4–978.6 pg g^?1 dw) and Ulsan (273.8–1824.1 pg g^?1 dw) were higher than those (106.6–222.6 pg g^?1 dw) in agricultural soil from Anseong in Korea. The TEQ (toxic equivalency) values from Gwangyang (0.06–0.40 ng TEQ kg^?1 dw) and Ulsan (0.06–0.22 ng TEQ kg^?1 dw) were higher than those (0.04–0.11 ng TEQ kg^?1 dw) in Anseong but lower than the WHO threshold level (20 ng TEQ kg^?1). However, one of the most toxic congeners, PCB 126, gave the highest concentration, possibly posing a risk to the biota. Seven indicator PCB congeners contributed to 50–80% of the total concentration of Σ₂₉ PCBs, indicating the 7 PCBs can be used as valuable indicators for monitoring. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis for the homologue profiles of PCBs indicated that all the samples from both cities had the similar PCB contamination patterns, and the major sources of the PCB contamination were most likely from the usage of Aroclor 1254 than those of Aroclors 1242 and 1260. These PCB technical mixtures were possibly significantly used by various industries including iron and steel industries in Gwangyang and petrochemical and shipbuilding industries in Ulsan.     

Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample （ASKAREL Nr 1740） from an imported transformer in China

Homolog and congener profiles of polychlori- nated biphenyls （PCBs）, polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） in commercial PCBs formulations are useful information for the source appointment of PCBs contam- ination as well as the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. Dielectric oil （ASKAREL Nr 1740） in an imported transformer found in China was sampled and analyzed by isotope dilution technology using high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （HRGC/HRMS）. The detailed homolog and congener profiles of PCBs obtained were compared with those of known Aroclor formulations. High similarity in the homolog profile between the oil sample and Aroclor 1260was found, with the hexachlorinated and hepta- chlorinated biphenyls accounting for more than 80.2% of the total PCBs concentration. Severn indicator PCBs contribute about 30%, while 12 PCB congeners （i.e., # 153, #143, #168, #180, #149, #165, #138, #170, #190, #187, #174, #181） account for more than 50% of the total PCB concentrations. Total concentration ofPCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs （DL-PCBs） was found to be 740 ng TEQ/g, of which 620 ng TEQ/g came from DL-PCBs. The contribution of PCDDs to the total TEQ was neglectable. The concentration of PCDFs homologs follows the order of OCDF 〉 HxCDFs 〉 HpCDFs 〉 PeCDFs 〉 TeCDFs, which is in consistence with the previous study on Aroclor 1260. Three DL-PCBs congeners （i.e., #118, #156, #157） accounted for 77% of the total concentration of DL-PCBs, also they contribute 72% in the TEQ caused by DL-PCBs.     

Residues of PCDD,PCDF, and PCBs in some marine organisms in Lake Temsah,Ismailia, Egypt

Residues of PCDDs/F, non-ortho, mono-ortho PCBs, and other PCBs were monitored in the tissues of mullet fish, bolti fish, bivalves and crab taken from Lake Temsah, at Ismailia, Egypt.

Results showed that 2,3,7,8 Tetra CDD and 1,2,3,7,8 Penta CDD were the most frequently detected PCDD congeners. Similarly, 2,3,7,8 Tetra CDF, 1,2,3,7,8 Penta CDF and 2,3,4,7,8 Penta CDF were the most frequently detected PCDF congeners. No relationship was apparent between the concentrations of detected PCDDs congeners and the degree of chlorination, except with crab samples in which an increase in the chlorination coincided with a decrease in the concentrations of the congeners.

In PCDF congeners, detected residues have had a reversed relationship with chlorination increase. In PCDD congeners, Octa CDD had the highest detected concentrations in the two fish species, while in the bivalves and crab, 2,3,7,8 Tetra CDD had the highest concentrations. The mullet fish had the highest total PCDDs concentration, at 0.398?pg/g fresh weight, followed by crab at 0.395?pg/g fresh weight, then bivalves and bolti fish at 0.187 and 0.062?pg/g fresh weight, respectively. In all the examined organisms, the total concentrations of PCDFs were much higher than the total concentrations of the PCDD congeners. The WHO–TEQ values were 11.92, 39.12, 25, and 3.6?pg/g fresh weight, for mullet fish, bolti fish, bivlaves and crab, respectively. The concentration of the mono-ortho congeners CB 118 was the highest detected of all non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs congeners, with values of 0.382, 0.022, 0.231 and 0.357?ng/g fresh weight, in mullet fish, bolti fish, bivalves and crab, respectively. The WHO–TEQ concentrations were 0.799, 0.003?pg/g fw, 0.05?pg/g fresh weight, 0.676?pg/g, and 0.799?pg/g fresh weight, for the same species, respectively. The total concentration of PCBs 28, 52, 95, 99, 101, 105, 110, 118, 138, 146, 149, 151, 153, 170, 177, 180, 187 were 6.86?ng/g fresh weight for mullet fish, 0.2?ng/g fresh weight, for bolti fish, 2.72?ng/g fresh weight for bivalves and 2.8?ng/g fresh weight for crab, respectively.     

中国东海抹香鲸体内多氯联苯的组成特征及毒性当量

用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定了一只中国东海海域抹香鲸(Physeter macrocephalus)皮脂24种多氯联苯(PCBs)同系物的含量,并分析了其组成特征以及国际毒性当量.结果表明,东海海域抹香鲸皮脂PCBs的湿重含量为1.12μg.g-1;PCBs同族体中以含6和5个氯原子的化合物为主,高氯代PCBs占总量的92.10%;PCBs同系物中以PCB153、PCB138、PCB101和PCB149居多,分别占到PCBs总量的21.28%、15.97%、10.29%和10.23%;抹香鲸皮脂的TEQs含量为1663.07 pg.g-1,其毒性主要来自PCB126,其次是PCB123和PCB118;初步推断中国东海海域的抹香鲸受PCBs污染程度较轻.     

不同垃圾焚烧炉产生的PCDD/Fs和PCBs同类物的分布

要应用高分辨气相色谱一质谱联用技术，测定了3种垃圾焚烧炉产生的飞灰中17种PCDD／Fs和12种共平面PCBs的浓度及毒性当量，比较了PCDD／Fs和PCBs同类物分布的差异．结果表明，流化床焚烧炉和炉排焚烧炉产生的PCDD／Fs多于PCBs，而气化熔融焚烧炉产生的PCBs多于PCDD／Fs；产生的PCBs对总毒性当量的贡献都比较小；3种焚烧炉产生的PCDD／Fs同类物具有相似的浓度分布；流化床焚烧炉和炉排焚烧炉产生的PCBs同类物具有相似的浓度分布，而气化熔融焚烧炉产生的PCBs同类物分布与其他两种焚烧炉差别较大．     

Biotransfer of persistent organic pollutants from a large site in China used for the disassembly of electronic and electrical waste

Samples of groundwater, river water, river sediment, paddy soil, rice seeds, hen eggs, fish, umbilical cord blood, and newborn meconium were collected from October 2002 to October 2003 near a large site in China used for the disassembly of obsolete transformers and other electronic or electrical waste. Six indicator PCB congeners, three non-ortho dioxin-like PCB congeners, and six organochlorine pesticides were determined in the samples by GC with electron capture detector. The results demonstrated that the local environment and edible foods had been seriously polluted by toxic PCBs and organochlorine pesticides. The actual daily intakes (ADIs) of these pollutants were estimated for local residents living in the area. The intake data showed that the contents of PCBs in these local residents were substantial, as the ADI estimates greatly exceed the reference doses set by the World Health Organization and the United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The presence of the indicator PCB congeners in the cord blood and the meconium samples, as well as significant correlations (r ² > 0.80, p < 0.05) between these levels, suggests a potential biotransfer of these indicators from mothers to their newborns. This preliminary study showed that obsolete transformers and other electronic or electrical waste can be an important source for the emission of persistent organic pollutants into the local environment, such as through leakage, evaporation, runoff, and leaching. Contamination from this source appears to have reached the level considered to be a serious threat to environmental and human health around the disassembly site.     

北京市郊再生水灌区土壤有机氯农药垂向分布特征

在北京市郊再生水灌区采用正三角型布点法进行了3个钻孔的采样工作,钻孔间隔为1m,从表层开始每隔0.5m取一个样,3个钻孔共36组样品,同时采集钻孔附近的灌溉水及地下水,分别测试了土壤的理化参数及其土壤、灌溉水及地下水中9种有机氯农药的质量分数。测试结果表明：表层土壤是有机氯农药的主要残留层,表层土壤中检出的DDTs和BHCs质量分数较高,分别为2814.21ng·kg^-1和1130.41ng·kg^-1,但均符合土壤环境质量一级标准,残留污染程度较轻;其他层位以七氯和艾氏剂为主要检出物,最高质量分数分别为1286.19ng·kg^-1和781.23ng·kg^-1;其中艾氏剂未在表层土壤中检出;灌区内未检出的γ-BHC和（DDE＋DDD）/DDT的计算值为1.80,都说明近期内没有新污染源的输入;检出的有机氯农药在土壤剖面上的迁移能力有HEP〉ALD〉BHCs〉DDTs〉HCB,与地下水中检出的规律一致。     

Polychlorinated -dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and -dioxin-like biphenyls in eggs of common terns from lime island,St. Mary's river,Michigan, USA

Population collapse of common tern (Sterna hirundo) from Lime Island in the St. Mary's River, Michigan, USA were related to the 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dioxins, furans, dioxin-like PCBs, and other possible factors using unhatch egg target contaminant analysis. The most toxic congeners, 2,3,7,8-TCDD/DF was found in all samples at noticeable concentrations. Magnitude of sum 2,3,7,8-PCDD/DFs were within the range of 39–93?pg/g wet wt. Dioxin-like PCBs were within the range of 360–1230?ng/g wet wt. Great Toxic Equivalent Quantity (TEQ) contributions by 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, and dioxin-like PCBs such as CB-77, CB-126 and CB-105 are considered greatly due to their influence of poor embryo development and consequent damage of embryos of common terns in egg injection studies. However, other organochlorines, heavy metals, and/or synergistic effects also taken in to account. On the whole, TEQs in the tern eggs were greater than the Lowest-Observable-Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) for bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) embryos observed in British Columbia, Canada. Concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs, dioxins, furans in the St. Mary's River food chain are at levels for concern for nesting colonial waterbirds. Eventually, the possible movements of analyzed chemicals downstream from a man-made flood event are discussed.     

电子废弃物拆解地水体多溴联苯醚分布特征

为了解和比较广东贵屿电子废弃物拆解地和珠三角城市地区水体中多溴联苯醚的种类、含量及分布特征,于2011年9月在广东贵屿周边地区和广州采集了20个地下水、7个地表水和4个珠江水,用反相C18萃取小柱提取净化后,利用气相色谱-质谱法测定了样品中的8种多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）。研究结果表明：贵屿地区地下水中PBDEs浓度总体上较高,总质量浓度范围为2.54~71.74 ng·L-1,平均为22.97 ng·L-1,各类PBDEs的检出率为25%~95%。三溴联苯醚（BDE28）、四溴联苯醚（BDE47）、五溴联苯醚（BDE99和BDE100之和）、六溴联苯醚（BDE153和BDE154之和）、七溴联苯醚（BDE183）和十溴联苯醚（BDE209）的质量浓度分布分别为nd~0.64、nd~18.43、nd~25.26、nd~13.92、nd~9.06和nd~15.60 ng·L-1。从物种上来看,分别源于四溴、五溴和十溴联苯醚产品的BDE47、BDE99和BDE209是贵屿地区地下水样中的优势同系物。通过比率P=（BDE47＋BDE99）/BDE209研究发现：低溴代联苯醚比高溴代联苯醚更易被地表径流迁移转换进入到地下水中。贵屿地区地表水中PBDEs的质量浓度范围为3.41~63.83 ng·L-1,平均总质量浓度为19.38 ng·L-1,稍低于当地地下水中PBDEs的平均总质量浓度,PBDEs的组成以高溴代的BDE209为特征,与世界其他水体研究结果相比,可以发现贵屿地区的地表水中PBDEs的平均总质量浓度明显偏高,说明该地区的地表水受到较严重的PBDEs污染,必须引起足够的重视。珠江水中PBDEs的总质量浓度范围为3.48~20.84 ng·L-1,平均为10.39 ng·L-1,表明近年来珠江水体中PBDEs污染有逐渐恶化的趋势。