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A critical component of community-based disaster preparedness (CBDP) is a local resource database of suppliers providing physical, information and human resources for use in disaster response. Maintenance of such a database can become a collaborative responsibility among community-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and public and private community organisations. In addition to mobilising resources, this process raises awareness within the community and aids in assessing local knowledge and resources. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on implementing a community-based resource database through collaboration with local American Red Cross chapters and public and private community organisations. The design of the resource database is described. The resource database is accessible via the internet and offline using laptops and handheld Personal Digital Assistants. The study concludes that CBDP is strengthened through a combination of appropriate information technology and collaborative relationships between NGOs and community-based organisations. 相似文献
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Urban earthquake hazard: perceived seismic risk and preparedness in Dhaka City,Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bangladesh is vulnerable to seismic events. Experts suspect that if an earthquake with a 7.0 magnitude occurred in large cities of Bangladesh, there would be a major human tragedy due to the structural failure of many buildings. The primary objectives of this paper are to examine seismic risk perception among residents of Dhaka City and investigate their levels of earthquake preparedness. A questionnaire survey conducted among 444 residents of the city provided the major source of data for the paper. The survey results suggest that an overwhelming majority of the respondents were not prepared for a major earthquake, which is anticipated to occur in Dhaka. Multivariate analysis of survey data reveals that value of residential unit and respondent educational levels appear as the most significant determinants of preparedness status of the respondents. This study recommends increasing earthquake awareness and preparedness among residents of Dhaka City. 相似文献
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Llewellyn M. Toulmin 《Disasters》1987,11(3):221-234
This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of emergency preparedness and regionalized training on nine Caribbean islands during the period of 1980 to 1985. Preparedness on the islands is measured in numerous ways, including the existence and comprehensiveness of the disaster plan; existence and adequacy of district organizations; existence of an emergency operations centre; frequency of drills; adequacy of communications; and various other indicators. The regionalized training, which was provided out of a small, internationally-funded unit in Antigua, is evaluated in terms of the contribution it made to Caribbean preparedness during the period. Various management difficulties are analyzed and recommendations made for future, similar programs. 相似文献
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杨军 《防灾减灾工程学报》2002,22(1):43-46
为推进经济的可持续与跨越式发展,配合 “数字江苏” 的建设,最大限度地减轻地震灾害所造成的损失,在 “数字江苏” 中建设防震减灾数字系统势在必行。 本文从防震减灾在可持续与跨越式发展战略中的地位和作用、防震减灾数字系统的组成、 “数字江苏” 中如何包含防震减灾数字系统、防震减灾数字系统建设进程及展望等几方面进行了探讨。 相似文献
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侯茂生 《防灾减灾工程学报》2001,21(4):59-62
面对 2 1世纪知识经济占主导地位的新时代 ,地震事业如何随之变革 ,以应对市场经济的挑战 ?本文对之进行了思考。列举了目前制约地震工作发展的诸项因素 ,提出了相应的应对措施。在深化改革方面 ,提出了稳定一支精干的日常地震工作队伍、组建一支高水平的地震科研精干队伍、强化一支具有竞争实力的市场开发队伍、优化一支复合型管理干部队伍等措施 相似文献
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新时期防震减灾宣传工作机制及政策研究 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
信息杜会里人们意识形态具有网络虚拟和现实世界的两面性,这给防震减灾宣传教育提出了新的挑战和际遇。本文分析了信息杜会基本特点、防震减灾宣传工作的积极和制约因素,在借鉴现代企业管理模式的基础上,提出了新时期防震减灾宣传工作的机制与政策。 相似文献
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The need for mental health resources to provide care to the community following large‐scale disasters is well documented. In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on September 11, 2001, many local agencies and organizations responded by providing informal mental health services, including disaster mental health training for practitioners. The quality of these programmes has not been assessed, however. The National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University's School of Public Health reviewed disaster mental health training programmes administered by community‐based organizations, professional associations, hospitals, and government agencies after September 11. Results indicate that the quality and the effectiveness of programmes are difficult to assess. A wide range of curricula and a widespread lack of recordkeeping and credentialing of trainers were noted. Most of the training programmes provided are no longer available. Recommendations for improving the quality of disaster mental health training programmes are provided. 相似文献
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地震社会心理与防震减灾宣传 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用社会心理学的知识和以往研究结果,对社会公众对待有关地震事件的社会心理作了深入分析,并对新时期社会心理的时代特征作了初步探讨。综合上述分析,提出了防震减灾宣传工作首先要了解地震社会心理,并根据社会心理的时代特征进行创新的观点:防震减灾宣传工作要针对不同层次人群的不同社会心理和需求,要注意同一人群不同地震时期的不同的社会心理,还要注意不同宣传形式的作用和效果。据此,提出了针对不同人群和不同时期的社会心理、结合形式多样和具有时代特征的不同的防震减灾宣传策略。 相似文献
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为了充分发挥科技资料在防震减灾事业中的作用,就如何改进地震科技资料的管理方式、提高地震科技资料的管理水平、为防震减灾一线科研人员提供最满意的服务进行了论述. 相似文献
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This paper reports on an examination of data on how local residents in Tuscaloosa, a mid‐sized city in the state of Alabama, United States, responded to Hurricane Ivan of September 2004. The evaluation revealed that an integrated connection to community‐level communication resources—comprising local media, community organisations and interpersonal networks—has a direct impact on the likelihood of engaging in pre‐hurricane preparedness activities and an indirect effect on during‐hurricane preparedness activities. Neighbourhood belonging mediated the relation between an integrated connection to community‐level communication resources and during‐hurricane preparedness activities. Neighbourhood belonging was determined to increase the likelihood of taking preparedness actions during Hurricane Ivan, but not prior to it. In addition, we discovered an interesting pattern for two different types of risk perceptions: social and personal risk perceptions. Social risk perceptions increase the likelihood of taking preventative steps before a hurricane while personal risk perceptions are positively related to engaging in preventative action during a hurricane. 相似文献
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Sıdıka Tekeli‐Yeşil Necati Dedeoǧlu Marcel Tanner Charlotte Braun‐Fahrlaender Birgit Obrist 《Disasters》2010,34(4):910-930
This study investigated the process of taking action to mitigate damage and prepare for an earthquake at the individual level. Its specific aim was to identify the factors that promote or inhibit individuals in this process. The study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey—where an earthquake is expected soon—in May and June 2006 using qualitative methods. Within our conceptual framework, three different patterns emerged among the study subjects. Outcome expectancy, helplessness, a low socioeconomic level, a culture of negligence, a lack of trust, onset time/poor predictability, and normalisation bias inhibit individuals in this process, while location, direct personal experience, a higher education level, and social interaction promote them. Drawing on these findings, the paper details key points for better disaster communication, including whom to mobilise to reach target populations, such as individuals with direct earthquake experience and women. 相似文献
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《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(3):248-266
This paper examines smallholder farmers' perceptions of the implementation of climate change disaster preparedness strategies in Mpigi district in Central Uganda. Furthermore, existing community early actions against climate change disasters were investigated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions at the community level. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16, data obtained through semi-structured interviews were subjected to quantitative analysis to generate percentages for several variables and cross-tabulation analyses between selected variables. Farmers perceived prolonged droughts, increased pests and diseases outbreaks in crops and livestock as a consequence of climate change as the major climate change disasters. They considered the implementation of climate change disaster preparedness at community and village level as inadequate. This triggered implementation of various early actions by farmers as responses to climate change disasters. These actions constitute an informal community-based early warning system against climate change disasters. 相似文献
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以山东省防震减灾信息网站为例 ,介绍了网页设计要点及日常维护的经验和体会 ,进而提出了网页进一步发展的新思路 相似文献
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This issue of Disasters explores the roles of NGOs and other actors in disaster mitigation and preparedness and also reviews broad international trends in risk management and disaster prevention. The need to address risk, and with that the motivation to improve disaster mitigation and preparedness, has tended to fall between the cracks of grander frameworks of development co-operation and humanitarian assistance. Despite the seemingly glaring need to reduce the horrific impact of floods, droughts and wars, disaster mitigation and preparedness have neither the allure of directly 'saving lives', nor of providing an 'escape from poverty'. There are, however, signs that risk management is becoming a mainstream concern. Factors such as the need to address factors that do not fit into traditional slots on the relief-development continuum, the rising economic costs of disasters and a growing acknowledgement that aid will never cover more than a small fraction of the costs of disasters are all leading to new approaches, priorities and institutional configurations. A realisation that dealing with risk and insecurity is a central part of how poor people develop their livelihood strategies has begun to position disaster mitigation and preparedness within many poverty alleviation agendas. A number of long-standing challenges remain; most of all, the complexities of maintaining the political will that is needed to ensure that risk management becomes more than a passing fad. 相似文献
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Three studies were designed to extend a combination of vested interest theory (VI) and the extended parallel process model of fear appeals (EPPM) to provide formative research for creating more effective disaster preparedness social action campaigns. The aim was to develop an effective VI scale for assessing individual awareness and ‘vestedness’ relevant to disaster preparedness. Typical preparedness behaviours are discussed with emphasis on earthquakes and tornados in particular. Brief overviews of VI and the EPPM are offered, and findings are presented from three studies (one dealing with earthquakes, and two with tornados) conducted to determine the factor structure of the key VI components involved, and to develop and test subscales derived from the two theories. The paper finishes with a discussion of future research needs and suggestions on how the new subscales may be applied in the design and execution of more effective disaster preparedness campaigns. 相似文献
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动物行为异常与地震灾害预警 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄赞 《防灾减灾工程学报》2007,27(1):29-35
地震前地壳中的应力变化会引起在一定区域范围内的地球物理场与地球化学场变化。动物有感受这种变化的能力,在地震发生前数天或数小时,动物可能会不安、抑郁或狂躁、迁徙或逃亡。动物的这种能力是在长期进化过程中形成的,动物在自我保护的同时有可能为人类提供地震预警信号。本文概述了动物感受地震灾害的机制,分析了从基因遗传水平上解释动物地震灾害避险能力的途径,阐述了找出可能作为灾害预警信号的特有动物异常反应的意义,讨论了建立试验性地震灾害动物行为异常预警系统的方法。 相似文献