Laser therapy for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)

Monochorionic twins are subjected to specific complications which originate in either imbalance or abnormality of the single placenta serving two twins including twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The diagnosis is well established in overt clinical forms with the association of polyuric polyhydramnios and oliguric oligohydramnios. The best treatment of cases presenting before 26 weeks of gestion is fetoscopic laser ablation of the intertwin anastomoses on the chorionic plate. Although subjected to subtle variations, the core technique follows robust guidelines which could help understanding and acquiring the required skills and experience to perform this procedure. However appropriate and tailored hands-on training and appropriate perinatal set-up are critical not only for surgical management but also for the follow-up and management of related complications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The curve of ion exchange ratio(%)-pH of the interaction between suspended particles with Cd(II) in the Yellow River

The curve of ion exchange ratio(%)-pH of the interactionbetween suspended particles with Cd(II) in the Yellow River wasstudied. The effects of lysine on this curve have been alsoinvestigated. The results showed that (1) Cadmium in Cd(OH)+ formin the suspended particles exchanges with the cations.The exchangeratio of Cd2+ is nearly at its greatest value in the range of pH(8.0-8.5) in natural aquatic system; (2) Ion exchange ratiodecreases as the concentration of Cd2+ raises from 8.9×10-6 mol/L to 2x8.9 x 10-6mol/L; (3) At the lysine concentration of 6.8x10-6 mol/L, it can promote the ion exchange ratio; (4) Adsorption of thesuspended particles to cadmium is weaker in seawater and Jin ShaRiver than in the Yellow River.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定大气中锡的研究

研究了１０种基体改进剂和不同石墨管对石墨炉法测定锡的影响，结果表明，使用热解涂层石墨管并采用铁－抗坏血酸作基体改进剂，可获得最高的灵敏度和最好的回收率，用此法对锡标准样品进行测定，所得结果与定值吻合，相对误差为３．０％￣４．０％，相对标准偏差为２．０％￣４．８％，检出限为０．４０μｇ／Ｌ。     

Prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease (type ii glycogenosis) in chorionic villus biopsy using maltose as a substrate

Uncultured trophoblasts obtained from chorionic villus biopsy during the gestation period of 8–12 weeks were assayed for alpha-glucosidase activity using maltose as the substrate. Only one major form of maltase activity with a pH optimum at 4.0 was demonstrated. Using this method, we performed prenatal diagnosis on three pregnancies at risk for the infantile form of type II glycogen storage disease. Two affected fetuses and one unaffected fetus were predicted and the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed. The maltose assay offered a direct, simple, and sensitive method for prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease in the first trimester.     

黄河水中氨基酸对铅(Ⅱ)与悬浮粒子相互作用的影响

研究了五种氨基酸对黄河水中铅 ( )与悬浮粒子相互作用的离子交换率 E( % )— p H关系曲线的影响 ,结果表明 :( 1)水体中五种氨基酸浓度分别为 2μmol· L- 1 时提高 E( % )的顺序是 :组氨酸 >脯氨酸 >丙氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >赖氨酸 ;( 2 )与未加有机物相比“S型曲线”左移 0 .4～ 1.3个 p H单位 ,Δ p H左移值顺序为 :组氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >丙氨酸 >赖氨酸 >脯氨酸 ;( 3 )随着脯氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和胱氨酸浓度增加 ,离子交换率提高。     

大气沉降向林地(小叶栎)输入硫素通量的观测

利用中国科学院红壤生态试验站森林小气候观测站(江西鹰潭)逐时气象梯度参数连续自动观测数据,采用阻力模式计算SO₂、硫酸盐(SO₄^2-)粒子的干沉降速率(Vd),结合大气SO₂、SO₄^2-粒子浓度现场测定,研究了该地2年大气硫沉降量.结果表明,2000年大气SO₂和SO₄^2-粒子时年Vd值分别为0.748cm/s、0.665cm/s;2002年分别为0.180cm/s、0.221cm/s.2000和2002年大气干沉降硫(SO₂+SO₄^2-粒子)通量分别为104.6kgS/(hm2a)和140.6kgS/(hm2a),SO2干沉降是大气干沉降主要贡献者,占98.38%和97.2%;大气沉降硫总量分别为150kgS/(hm2a)和185kgS/(hm2a);可见大气干沉降是大气硫沉降主要贡献者,分别占70%和76.2%.     

北京城区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的矿物学研究

使用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和扫描电镜技术(SEM/EDX)对北京PM10中的矿物组分进行了分析.结果表明,北京PM10中的矿物组分存在明显的季节变化规律,春季PM10中的矿物组成种类最多;秋季PM10中的矿物种类最少;在夏季PM10中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如NH4Cl、K(NH4)Ca(SO4)2?H2O、As2O3?SO3等.粘土矿物是北京PM10中含量最高的矿物,石英的含量次之,其他依次为方解石、石膏、长石、白云石以及其他矿物颗粒;北京PM10中还存在一定数量的复合颗粒,颗粒表面常有S、Cl元素的存在.     

The effect of interaction between Bacillus subtilis DBM and soil minerals on Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption

The effects of interaction between Bacillus subtilis DBM and soil minerals on Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption were investigated.After combination with DBM,the Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacities of kaolinite and goethite improved compared with the application of the minerals independently.The modeling results of potentiometric titration data proved that the site concentrations of kaolinite and goethite increased by 80%and 30%,respectively after combination with DBM.However,the involvement of functional groups in the DBM/mineral combinations resulted in lower concentrations of observed sites than the theoretical values and led to the enhancement of desorption rates by NH_4NO_3 and EDTA-Na_2.The DBM-mineral complexes might also help to prevent heavy metals from entering DBM cells to improve the survivability of DBM in heavy metal-contaminated environments.During the combination process,the extracellular proteins of DBM provided more binding sites for the minerals to absorb Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ).In particular,an especially stable complexation site was formed between goethite and phosphodiester bonds from EPS to enhance the Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacity.So,we can conclude that the DBM–mineral complexes could improve the Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacities of minerals and protect DBM in heavy metal-contaminated environments.     

基于微生物相互作用机理的完全耦合活性污泥模型研究

根据微生物生长机理,推导出微生物的耦合作用机理并在该机理的基础上改进了ASM3 Bio-P模型.假设活性污泥系统中有机物氧化过程、生物硝化过程、生物反硝化过程、生物除磷过程可同时存在,在ASM3 Bio-P模型上添加相关的开关函数,推导出完全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM).基于计算机程序进行数值模拟,并将FCASM模拟结果与实测值以及ASM3 Bio-P模型模拟值进行对比.结果表明,完全耦合活性污泥模型对氨氮模拟的稳态出水值为1.90 g·m-3,ASM3 Bio-P模型模拟的氨氮稳态出水值为0 g·m-3,而实测的氨氮稳态出水值为1.50 g·m-3,完全耦合活性污泥模型的结果更接近真实值.     

Density functional theory (DFT) studies of vanadium-titanium based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts

Based on density functional theory (DFT) and basic structure models, the chemical reactions on the surface of vanadium-titanium based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification catalysts were summarized. Reasonable structural models (non-periodic and periodic structural models) are the basis of density functional calculations. A periodic structure model was more appropriate to represent the catalyst surface, and its theoretical calculation results were more comparable with the experimental results than a non-periodic model. It is generally believed that the SCR mechanism where NH₃ and NO react to produce N₂ and H₂O follows an Eley-Rideal type mechanism. NH₂NO was found to be an important intermediate in the SCR reaction, with multiple production routes. Simultaneously, the effects of H₂O, SO₂ and metal on SCR catalysts were also summarized.     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) hydrolysis: Theoretical and experimental studies

In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. First, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4 degrees C were calculated from that at 25 degrees C. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)24(7+)(Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4 degrees C caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25 degrees C, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4 degrees C, All3 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4 degrees C in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25 degrees C.     

碳质纳米材料与枝孢菌KR14的相互影响研究

碳质纳米材料(Carbon Nanomaterials, CNMs)因具有独特的电学及光学等性质而引起了人们的广泛关注,从而被大量使用并释放到环境中,进而影响生态系统环境及生物化学过程,但目前有关CNMs与环境微生物相互作用的研究鲜见报道.因此,本文研究了枝孢菌KR14(Cladosporium sp.)与3种CNMs(单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)、石墨烯(Graphene)和氧化石墨烯(GO))的相互作用.结果表明,CNMs的加入促进了3种非特异性酶(漆酶、锰过氧化物酶和木质素过氧化物酶)活性增加,其中,对锰过氧化物酶(MnP)活性的促进作用最为显著,18 d最高增加26.1%.在3种类型的CNMs中,SWCNTs对MnP活性刺激最佳,GO最弱.木质素降解实验和电化学分析表明,CNMs可作为电子导体提高真菌胞外电子传递效率,进而提高KR14对木质素的降解.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,除GO外,SWCNTs和石墨烯的氧碳比(O/C)均上升,二者表面发生变化.拉曼光谱(Raman)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,SWCNTs的I_D/I_G显著提高,无序性增加;石墨烯出现2D峰,即与KR14相互作用后有一定程度堆叠;KR14可引起CNMs结构转变.本研究结果有助于深入理解和评价环境中CNMs与真菌之间的相互作用关系及CNMs对真菌降解木质素和环境碳循环的影响.     

Field studies of the SO2/aqueous S(IV) equilibrium in clouds

Concentrations of S(IV) were measured in cloudwater at Great Dun Fell and compared with theoretical HSO₃⁻ assuming equilibrium between aqueous and gaseous phases in cloud. Detectable concentrations of S(IV) in the range of 1 × 10⁻⁶ to 17.2 × 10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³ were observed only in samples which contained low H₂O₂ concentrations, generally <1 × 10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³. Concentrations of S(IV) were below the detection limit of 1 × 10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³ in samples which contained hign H₂O₂ levels (1 × 10⁻⁶−80 × 10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³) confirming that either SO₂ or H₂O₂ acts as the limiting reagent in the oxidation of SO₂ in cloudwater.Equilibrium HSO₃⁻ concentrations were estimated from the measured cloudwater pH, the gas phase SO₂ concentration and the ambient temperature and found to be on average about 5 times lower than the measured S(IV) concentrations. The possible role of formaldehyde in stabilizing S(IV) in cloudwater is discussed. The kinetic data available in the literature suggest that the complexation reaction between S(IV) and HCHO is too slow to account for the observed difference between measured and calculated S(IV) concentrations over the typical lifetime of clouds in our study.S(IV) accounted for up to 10% of the SO₄²⁻ measured in stored cloudwater samples.     

酿酒酵母吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的表面特性研究

为深入探讨酿酒酵母与Pb(II)的相互作用机理,本文利用表面显微分析技术（SEM-EDS、TEM-EDS、AFM）研究了酿酒酵母细胞吸附重金属离子Pb(II)前后的细胞表面特性变化。研究结果表明,酿酒酵母细胞与Pb(II)作用后,细胞表面除吸附Pb(II)外,同时产生大量更高浓度的含Pb(II)沉淀,导致Pb(II)从溶液中被去除。酵母与Pb(II)反应前,酵母细胞表面可检测到的主要元素包括C、O、N、P、S、K、Mg;酵母与Pb(II)作用后,细胞表面始终保持C、O、P吸收峰,而N、K、Mg、S吸收峰随反应条件不同而减弱、消失或增强。P作为细胞表面组分可能与Pb(II)结合。酵母与Pb(II)作用过程中,重金属离子促进酵母细胞释放细胞内含物。原子力显微镜（AFM）证实,云母片表面对酵母吸附Pb(II)后细胞的铺展变形作用明显增大。