Residue analysis and dissipation of a new fungicide 2-allylphenol in tomato

Introduction 2 allylphenol with commercial name of LuDi, is a newfungicide developed and synthesized by the AgriculturalEngineering Research Center(China), which simulated theactive compound structure in Gingko (Gingko biloba L.).The field trial…     

我国赤潮新记录种--Peridinium quinquecorne Abe的研究

1999年5月在广东省惠阳大亚湾发生一起Peridinium quinquecorne赤潮.利用光镜和电镜对赤潮生物进行形态学观察.赤潮期间,赤潮生物最高密度可达11.8×106L-1,随着气温骤降,赤潮消退.P. Quinquecorne是一喜生活在富营养化的浅湾内兼具附着、浮游习性的种类,针对赤潮发生区域的营养盐与该种赤潮发生的关系作了探讨.     

两株海洋细菌新种的分离及BOX-PCR鉴定

对即墨海参养殖池及即墨盐场的底泥样本进行微生物的可培养研究,获得的两株细菌DQHS13与YCSA40,其与亲缘关系最近的模式菌株Marinobacter zhejiangensis及M.segnicrescers的16S rDNA序列相关性分别为98.789％和96.963％,初步判定为海杆菌属(Marinobacte...     

Cryptic mammalian species: a new species of whiskered bat (Myotis alcathoe n. sp.) in Europe

The analysis of morphological, behavioural and genetic characters of whiskered bats revealed a new European bat species within the family Vespertilionidae. We describe the morphology, karyology, genetic similarity, ecology and distribution of Myotis alcathoe n. sp. It closely resembles Myotis mystacinus, Myotis brandtii and Myotis ikonnikovi in morphology, but all four species show clear genetic differences in two mitochondrial genes (ND1 and 12S rRNA). Myotis alcathoe n. sp. is the smallest species among the European whiskered bats and uses the highest-frequency echolocation calls of all the European Myotis species. It prefers to hunt in small valleys with deciduous trees and flowing water, which is an endangered habitat. Records from Greece and Hungary indicate a distribution range in south-eastern Europe.     

陕西红碱淖湖泊表层底泥磷形态研究

磷是一种重要的生命必需元素,其与氮都是引起水体富营养化的重要元素。红碱淖是中国最大的沙漠淡水湖,在区域生态系统中的功能十分显著。采用连续提取法对陕西红碱淖湖泊表层沉积物磷形态进行分析,得到弱吸附态磷(NH₄Cl-P)、铁锰螯合态磷(BD-P)、铁铝氧化态磷(NaOH-P)、钙磷(HCl-P)、惰性磷(Res-P)五种磷形态。结果表明：总体上,红碱淖表层底泥磷向水体释放的风险较低,但在湖泊水体pH值上升背景下,一些碱溶解磷(如NaOH-P)向湖泊水体释放的风险可能增加。五种形态磷在全湖的空间分布表明：NH₄Cl-P与BD-P呈现大致相似的特征,NaOH-P主要在湖泊南岸附近富集,HCl-P和Res-P呈大致相反的变化趋势,总磷(TP)在全湖近乎均匀分布。与国内典型湖泊沉积物的对比显示：红碱淖表层底泥无论是总磷还是活泼磷均处于较低水平,也说明该湖泊表层底泥磷向水体释放的风险相对较低。     

Monogamy in a new species of wild guinea pigs (Galea sp.)

A new species of wild guinea pigs from Bolivia was recently discovered: Galea sp. So far no data are available concerning its social and mating systems. We therefore investigated behavioural compatibility, sexual dimorphism, paternity in a male-competing situation, testicular and epididymal size, and sperm morphology and motility. The results showed a complete intrasexual and moderate intersexual behavioural incompatibility between unfamiliar animals, a reversed sexual dimorphism with females larger than males, and litters always fathered by single males. Furthermore, both the reproductive organ weights and the percentage of motile sperm and sperm with intact acrosomes were significantly lower compared with the promiscuous congeneric Galea musteloides. In summary, these data strongly suggest a monogamous social and mating system for the recently discovered Galea sp.     

白腐菌附着式生物膜反应器处理垃圾渗沥液技术研究

以煤渣为填料 ,在自制反应器内利用白腐菌生物膜对垃圾渗沥液生化出水进行深度处理 .实验结果表明 ,在停留时间为 97h、葡萄糖浓度为 2 0 0 0mg·L-1、氨氮浓度为 84mg·L-1左右时 ,白腐菌生物膜对渗沥液深度处理的效果最佳 .此外 ,将白腐菌生物膜反应器在上述条件下的处理效果与普通活性污泥SBR法进行比较 ,结果表明前者的处理效果要明显好于后者 .     

A new find of a Middle Pleistocene mandible from Bilzingsleben, Germany

 The Middle Pleistocene site at Bilzingsleben is being excavated by the Forschungsstelle Bilzingsleben, FSU Jena. It is a living floor with structures of settlement and a great number of Lower Palaeolithic cultural remains. So far, 28 human skull fragments have been discovered, which can be reconstructed into two individual skulls. Recently, the right mandible has also been discovered (Bilzingsleben E7). Morphological comparisons indicate that there is a great similarity to the mandibles of HI and BI of Sinanthropus. A strong likeness to Arago II and XIII was also discovered. There are various different archaic features which assign the Bilzingsleben mandible and the two skulls to the advanced Homo erectus. Received: 16 March 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 30 March 2000     

A new fossil mustelid from the Miocene of South Dakota,USA

A skull from the Barstovian of South Dakota has typical leptarctine characteristics, including robust zygomatic arches, double sagittal crests, grooves on the lingual side of the lower canines, and bony projections from the tympanic bullae. The robust mandibles and expanded masseteric fossa of this specimen indicate that it had large jaw muscles. Dental morphology and other characters lead us to agree with earlier suggestions that Hypsoparia is a valid genus. The morphology of Hypsoparia suggests that leptarctines were more herbivorous than most other Carnivora.     

Shade tree management affects fruit abortion, insect pests and pathogens of cacao

The mortality of cacao fruits caused by early fruit abortion or insect and pathogen attacks was investigated in differently managed agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nine agroforestry systems shaded by three different types of tree stands were selected, which represented a decrease in structural heterogeneity: forest remnants, diverse planted trees and one or two species of planted leguminose trees. After standardized manual cross-pollination, the development of 600 fruits on 54 trees (6 trees per agroforest) was followed during 18 weeks of fruit development. In total, 432 of all fruits were lost before maturity, which seriously undermined yields. The proportion of harvested fruits per tree (overall average: 27 ± 4%) was not affected by canopy type. Although shade cover did not have a significant effect, losses due to fruit abortion were most likely under forest shade, where nitrogen-fixing leguminose shade trees were absent. Fruit losses due to pathogenic infections and insect attacks increased with the homogenization of the agroforests, supporting the hypothesis that agricultural homogenization increases risks of pest outbreaks. In conclusion, shade management may be improved to increase yields from cacao using highly diversified natural shade agroforestry systems.     

白腐真菌生物接触氧化法处理染料废水

利用聚酯纤维作载体,生物接触氧化法处理染料废水,白腐真菌-裂褶菌F17(Schizophyllum sp. F17)挂膜迅速、结合牢固且表现出良好的脱色性能.采用连续和间歇两种运行方式,考察了不同的水力停留时间(HRT)及进水浓度对染料废水脱色的影响.当进水浓度为15mg/L,停留时间24h,连续式运行,混合染料废水脱色率达到79.5%,刚果红脱色率为91.6%,结晶紫为65.4%,次甲基蓝为6.9%.     

设施番茄生产系统的环境影响生命周期评价

应用生命周期评价方法,以陕西省西安市郊区为例,对设施番茄生产系统进行了环境影响评价.结果表明,日光温室和塑料大棚生产1000kg番茄消耗的能源和水资源分别是1740.58 MJ、50.767 m3和1502.346 MJ、53.734 m3;全球变暖潜值(以CO2当量计)、环境酸化潜值(以SO2当量计)、富营养化潜值(以PO3-4当量计)、光化学烟雾潜值(以C2H2当量计)、土壤毒性(以1,4-DCB当量计)、水体毒性(以1,4-DCB当量计)和人类毒性潜值(以1,4-DCB计)分别为271.943 kg、2.151 kg、0.247 kg、0.157 kg、24.217 kg、19.545 kg、0.124 kg和239.163 kg、1.88 kg、0.305 kg、0.109 kg、31.686 kg、19.7 kg、0.304 kg.设施构筑物自身建设和维护带来的主要潜在环境影响是能源耗竭、全球变暖和环境酸化;番茄种植环节引起的主要潜在环境影响是水资源耗竭、富营养化、全球变暖、土壤毒性和水体毒性;农资生产环节的主要潜在环境影响是能源耗竭.设施番茄生产系统中对环境影响大的建材和农资是钢材、聚乙烯材料、氮肥、农药和含过量重金属的有机肥.设施番茄生产系统对环境的影响不容忽视,应展开以降低其环境影响为目标的设施结构与建材、温室内气候条件调控、合理施肥和施药的研究,并对采取的技术方法进行生命周期评价,以确保设施蔬菜的可持续发展.研究结果可为促进设施蔬菜生产系统的可持续发展提供科学依据.