Sediment environmental capacity of 137Cs in Daya Bay

Sediment environmental capacity of pollutants is very important for marine environmental management. Based on the methodology of a study on water, soil environmental capacity, and mass conservation theory in a system, the concept and model on sediment environmental capacity for ¹³⁷Cs in Daya Bay were developed. The static capacity for ¹³⁷Cs in the upper sediment near the shore at a shallow area was calculated, and the annual dynamic capacity and total dynamic capacity were also calculated through determination of the typical biomass in the sediment. The results showed that the estimated environmental capacity for ¹³⁷Cs in sediments was approximately equal to the current input of ¹³⁷Cs into the sediments. Controlling the input of ¹³⁷Cs in the sediments within the environmental capacity guarantees the sustainability of the current situation of the Daya Bay ecosystem and avoidance of a significant degradation of the system. Translated from Research of Environmental Sciences, 2005, 18(3): 11–14 [译自: 环境科学研究]     

Eine geologische Karte des Nordpolargebiets

The Science of Nature -     

3种典型陆地生态系统土壤137Cs和有机碳含量研究

选择位于广东小良的自然林、光裸地和森林恢复地3种典型陆地生态系统类型,通过研究土壤137Cs和土壤有机碳(SOC)的含量与分布,分析137Cs与SOC的关系,尝试运用137Cs法研究典型陆地生态系统类型的土壤侵蚀与土壤碳动态.结果显示,自然林为研究区土壤137Cs的背景点,其0~40cm土壤中的137Cs平均活度值为(0.99±0.28)Bq/kg,137Cs背景值为(448.1±56.3)Bq/m2,0~40cm的SOC储量为5.93kg/m2.森林恢复地和光裸地土壤中没有检出137Cs,表明森林恢复地和光裸地发生了严重的土壤侵蚀.自然林土壤137Cs深度分布形态为非指数衰减形态,137Cs浓度峰值出现在次表层.自然林的各土层137Cs活度与SOC含量的相关关系不显著(P>0.1).研究区137Cs含量的背景值很低.基于137Cs法计算研究区及相似地区的SOC侵蚀量有一定局限性.     

137Cs在大鹏澳中迁移分布的数值模拟与预测

137Cs作为广东核电站放射性排出核素之一,具有高残留,高积累的特点.悬浮物对放射性核素的吸附沉降是影响海湾水体中核素迁移的重要机制之一.为正确评价核电站放射性排出物对大亚湾海湾水域的影响,建立了考虑悬浮物吸附沉降影响的深度平均二维对流扩散模型,模拟了放射性核素137Cs在大鹏澳内的迁移分布状况,并对未来湾内水质进行预测.模拟预测表明若维持当前排放量,未来50年内海湾中137Cs活度并没有呈持续上升趋势,局部虽略有累积,但活度值仍很小,最大仅约4Bq/m3,说明悬浮物吸附137Cs沉降对海湾的自净作用不容忽视. 137     

调整AHP法结合137Cs计年评价滇池沉积物综合质量

评价沉积物综合质量及了解其演变情况时,常会受困于缺乏监测数据尤其是历史数据,将137Cs计年法与一般的取样测试相配合,可以较方便地解决此问题.确定加权环境质量综合指数的权值时采用了调整的层次分析法(AHP法),调整主要针对AHP法的两两比较环节,使得仅需依据对监测数据的运算便可完成各因子相对重要性的两两比较并构造判断矩阵,以克服应用AHP法时存在于此环节的主观随意性.据此计算了滇池各湖区沉积物的质量综合指数,各湖区沉积物的综合质量均呈现随时间延续污染加重,这可能与滇池流域的工业发展与布局有关,因此,有必要将控制工业排放与其它治理措施结合,以改善滇池沉积物的质量,防止沉积物中的重金属成为二次污染源.     

Implications of excess 210Pb and 137Cs in sediment cores from Mikawa Bay, Japan

Four sediment cores were collected from Mikawa Bay, Japan, and excess 210Pb and 137Cs were measured by gamma spectrometry. Sedimentation rates for the four cores were determined by 210Pb method. The sedimentation rate range is 0.10-0.70 g/(cm2·year). The bio-mixing depth for each core is less than 7.0 cm, and was determined by the excess 210Pb profiles as well. Therefore, the bioturbation is slight. The 210Pb-derived dates coincided with the results from 137Cs geochronology. Acceleration in sedimentation ra...