石油、天然气长输管道危险有害因素辨识

从储运设备与设施、人员及安全管理、环境和职业危害等方面,对长输管道的危险有害因素进行了较全面的分析和辨识,为长输管道的安全管理提供参考。     

高氯原油对管道储运设施的腐蚀危害及防护措施

阐述了高氯原油对金属的腐蚀机理,对引起的管道储运设施氯腐蚀进行分析,重点对管道、加热炉和储罐的氯腐蚀危害进行识别,提供以预防、监测和控制为主的腐蚀防护措施,并对未来管道的安全保护提出建议。     

浅谈原油管道用火安全技术与措施

介绍了原油管道用火作业的特点，对原油管道用火作业的安全技术方法和措施进行分析，为今后原油管道用火作业技术提供了经验借鉴。     

废气治理气相联通设施的风险评估与解决方案研究

在现场调研、CFD模拟分析的基础上,对石油化工行业生产装置、储运系统、码头常见的几种废气治理、气相联通设施的安全风险与解决方案进行了初步研究。     

火车装车控制技术的开发与实践

储运生产系非连续性生产作业,主要生产区域包括液体化工罐区、火车装车和汽车装车等,其中火车装车是储运生产的重要设施,储运厂设有72个火车装车鹤位,接收来自5个泵房13种液体化工产品的火车装车任务. 1装车工艺简介 1.1 工艺流程 PLC主站接受来自流量计的脉冲信号,控制阀门,PLC从站对变频器进行远程控制,直接从储罐向火车装车鹤位输送物料,灌装时产生的尾气经管道输送至火车装车尾气回收系统.     

某原油管道储运企业职业健康监护工作体会

原油管道储运行业地域辽阔、点多线长、易燃易爆,职业危害因素种类繁多,人员接触广泛,职业卫生工作难度较大.笔者结合工作实际,就原油管道储运企业职业健康监护谈谈工作体会.     

张恒东

原油管道储运行业地域辽阔、点多线长、易燃易爆，职业危害因素种类繁多，人员接触广泛，职业卫生 工作难度较大。笔者结合工作实际，就原油管道储运企业职业健康监护谈谈工作体会，     

创建绿色企业 构筑绿色长廊——中国石化管道储运有限公司环保工作纪实

正中国石化管道储运有限公司(以下简称"管道公司")位于江苏省徐州市,隶属于中国石油化工股份有限公司,是一家倡导"清洁、高效、低碳、循环"理念的原油储运专业公司,下设天津输油处、宁波输油处等16家输油生产单位,以及抢维修中心、管道特种作业中心、管道检测中心(管道完整性管理中心)等12家技术服务和后勤保障单位。管道公司管辖38条输油管线,全长7270千米,沿线共设81座输油站库,     

《安全用火管理制度》知识小测验

１用火管理实行()制度 ,凡在安全用火管理范围内的用火作业必须持有有效的 ( )。２根据用火部位的危险程度 ,油田企业用火划分为()级。３凡在生产、储存、输送可燃物料的设备、容器及管道上用火 ,应首先切断 ()并加好 () ,经 () () ()后 ,打开 ()通风换气 ,并经分析合格 ,方可用火。分析合格后 ,如超过 ()小时才用火 ,必须再次进行 () ;或在 ()后 ,方可用火。４在正常运行生产区域内 ,凡 ()的用火一律不动 ,严格控制 ()用火。５用火审批人必须 ()后 ,方可签发用火作业许可证。６一张用火作业许可证只限 ()用火点。７一级用火作业许可证有效…     

石油管道储运企业清洁生产审核方法探讨与实践

文章分析了石油管道储运企业的生产工艺特点和技术特征,指出现有的制造业和第三产业的清洁生产审核方法及评价指标体系不能完全适用于石油管道储运企业.文章针对该类企业生产过程中能耗高和存在潜在风险等特点,探索并确定了以能耗平衡和物料平衡为核心、以风险评估为重点的清洁生产审核方法,并用于实际审核.文章为石油管道储运企业的节能、降耗、减排和风险防范提供了技术支持,也为该类企业的清洁生产审核提供了有效的借鉴.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.     

基于EPMA的背角无齿蚌贝壳中元素分布的初步研究

应用电子显微探针元素分析技术,对背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana）的贝壳（棱柱层和珍珠层）进行了19种元素（Ag、Al、Au、Ca、Co、Cu、Fe、Hf、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Re、Se、Sn、Sr、Tl、V、Zn）分布特征的初步研究.元素面分布分析和定量线分析结果均直观而明显地表明：贝壳中Ca含量最高,Hf、Re、Mn、Al、Co、Fe、Sr、Cu和Na的含量较低,而Au、Mg、Tl、Zn、Sn、Ag、V、Mo和Se的含量甚少.Mn在珍珠层的分布高于棱柱层,壳顶区域的珍珠层的含量（0.087±0.045）%显著高于棱柱层（0.030±0.025）%（P<0.05）,腹缘区域的珍珠层的含量（0.072±0.055）%亦显著高于棱柱层（0.044±0.025）%（P<0.05）,而其余元素在贝壳中均匀分布.     

青岛近海不同天气状况下大气气溶胶中金属元素浓度分布特征研究

为探究青岛近海不同天气下气溶胶中金属元素的浓度分布特征,于2012年4~5月,2012年8月~2013年3月在青岛近海采集了总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)分析了主要微量金属元素.结果表明,Al、Ca、Fe、Na、K和Mg是TSP中主要的金属元素,质量浓度占所测元素总浓度的94.2%.TSP及金属元素浓度月变化明显,Fe、Al、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Ba、Mn、Ti、Sr和Li均在11月和1月浓度最高,Be、Sc、Co、Ni和Cr在1月最高,Na在8、11和2月较高,12月最低,Pb在1月和2月最高,8月和12月最低.富集因子表明Be、Co、Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Sr和Ti主要受自然源影响,Li、Cr、Ni、Zn、Ba和Na除受自然源外,还受部分人为源影响,Pb主要来自人为源.不同天气状况对TSP及其金属元素浓度影响较大,除Ti外,所测元素浓度均在烟雾天最高.与晴天相比,烟雾天除Ti外,其余元素均升高,增幅为1~4倍,雾天Li、Be、Cr、Ni、Al、Fe、Mg和Mn变化不大,Pb和Na升高较多,Co、Ca和Ti降低较多,霾天Cr、Co和Ti降低,其余元素浓度升高,增幅为1~3倍.大部分元素在晴天富集因子最小,雾天富集因子最大.Ni、Zn、Ba、K、Na、Pb和Sr富集因子为晴<霾<烟雾<雾,Fe和Mn为晴<烟雾<霾<雾,Al和Mg为晴<雾<霾<烟雾,其余金属不同天气下富集因子的变化规律各不相同.     

沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的分析方法及污染特征研究进展

综述了近年来国内外有关河湖沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的分析方法和污染特征研究进展。详细阐述了索氏提取法、超声提取法、微波辅助萃取法、加速溶剂萃取法及被动采样技术等沉积物PAEs前处理方法,柱层析法、固相萃取法2种净化方法和气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱、气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱、高效液相色谱等仪器分析方法,并对比分析了上述方法的优缺点,以期为更高效提取河湖沉积物中PAEs提供参考依据;同时总结了近年来国内外河湖沉积物中PAEs污染特征的研究进展,相比欧美等发达国家,我国沉积物PAEs污染较严重,潜在生态风险较高,主要污染物为DBP和DEHP等。     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.     

彭佳屿岛春季TSP中痕量金属组成及其来源解析

通过大气环流向海洋大气边界层传输的人为源和陆源物质,明显改变了海洋气溶胶中痕量金属的组成.但基于开阔海域岛屿连续观测研究海洋气溶胶中痕量金属元素组成及其来源的研究较少.2010年3—5月在我国台湾北部东海海域彭佳屿岛采集了60个TSP（总悬浮颗粒物）样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析了19种痕量金属（Al、Fe、Ti、Y、Mn、Ba、Sr、Co、Cr、V、Ni、Tl、Zn、Sn、Pb、As、Cd、Sb、Se）的质量浓度.基于TSP中Al浓度、气团后向轨迹分析和美国国家宇航局CALIPSO卫星星载激光雷达扫描图像,将采集的TSP分为非沙尘TSP（不受沙尘影响的TSP）和沙尘TSP（受沙尘影响的TSP）.沙尘TSP中所有痕量金属的浓度都高于非沙尘TSP,表明沙尘对彭佳屿岛TSP中痕量金属有贡献.结合富集因子、相关性分析和PMF模型研究结果表明,彭佳屿岛春季非沙尘TSP中Al、Fe、Ti和Y主要来源于地壳矿物,Mn、Ba、Sr、Co和Cr同时受地壳矿物和人为源的影响;沙尘TSP中Al、Fe、Ti、Y、Mn、Ba、Sr、Co和Cr主要来源于地壳矿物.V和Ni在彭佳屿岛春季非沙尘TSP中主要来源于燃料油燃烧,而在沙尘TSP中同时受燃料油燃烧和地壳矿物的影响.非沙尘TSP和沙尘TSP中,Tl、Zn、As、Sn、Pb、Cd、Sb和Se的来源相似.Tl主要源于交通和煤燃烧,Zn、Sn、Pb、Cd和Sb同时来源于交通、煤和燃料油燃烧,As主要来源于煤燃烧,Se则主要来源于煤和燃料油燃烧.研究显示,人为源释放到大气中的Tl、Zn、As、Sn、Pb、Cd、Sb和Se可以通过大气环流长距离传输至开阔海域.      

Environmental chemical study on the marsh of Fatimid cemetery at Aswan City,Egypt

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｓｗａｎｇｏｖｅｒｎｏｒａｔｅ ,Ｅｇｙｐｔ ,ｉｓｆａｍｏｕｓｆｏｒｂｙｍｏｎｕｍｅｎｔｓ (Ａｎｃｉｅｎｔ,ＣｏｐｔｉｃａｎｄＩｓｌａｍｉｃ) .Ｔｈｅｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｃａｒｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｔａｋｅｎｔｏｓｅｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙａｒｅｃｏｎｓｏｌｉｄａｔｅｄａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄａｓｆｏｒａｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅｒ.Ｗａｔｅｒｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｃａｕｓｅｏｆｄａｍａｇｅ ,ｎｏ…     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have beenwidely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (f_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, andmosswas long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably themain source of DP.