水平滑台随机振动试验时控制点的选择方法探讨

用水平滑台做大型产品随机振动试验已非常普遍,本文以一个5吨振动台配的900mm×900mm水平滑台为例,通过试验阐述了水平滑台随机振动性能存在一个梯度,对用水平滑台进行随机振动试验时控制点的选择进行了探讨并给出了合理建议.     

甘肃省农业水土资源时空匹配格局

以甘肃省市域为评价单元,将其分为河西、陇东陇中、陇南和甘南四区,通过构建水土资源匹配测算模型,对该省2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年农业水土资源空间分布和匹配格局进行分析。结果表明:甘肃省水土资源现状为"耕地资源较丰富,水资源短缺,水土资源错位分布";2000—2015年农业水土资源匹配系数逐渐上升,2015年水土资源匹配系数为0.254万m~3/hm~2,低于全国平均水平;空间匹配程度形成"西高东低、北高南低"的特点,有一定的集聚态势,总体格局保持稳定。     

柴油机燃用配煤水煤浆的研究及前景

综述了当今世界能源状况以及国内外柴油机燃料的研发和利用进展。结合国内外配煤水煤浆的研究及在柴油机上的应用现状,根据我国目前煤炭资源的开采和利用,以及配煤水煤浆具有低灰、低污染的优点,指出柴油机燃用配煤水煤浆具有广阔的应用前景.     

青海省特大滑坡调查中采取数字滑坡技术的意义及应用

为认识和了解青海省特大滑坡的分布特征，分析研究其与地质环境的相互关系，我们利用GIS技术建立“数字滑坡”即以遥感（RS）和全球定位系统（GPS）方法为主，结合其它勘探、测绘、试验、调查等手段来获取数字形式的与地理坐标配准的滑坡基本信息，并利用GIS技术存贮和管理这些信息。在此基础上，根据滑坡学原理进行空间分析，研制各类模型，以服务于滑坡调查、监测、研究、滑坡灾害评价、危险预测、灾情评估等工作。本文通过白刺滩滑坡三维数字模型来说明“数字滑坡”的技术应用。     

振动试验失控分析及例证

随着航空航天产品技术和可靠性要求的提高,作为关键试验项目的振动试验条件愈来愈复杂,“振动失控”逐渐增多。本文从控制方式、控制点的选择和振动试验夹具的制造、安装等诸多方面进行分析,说明避免“失控”的方法。最后,文中给出实例,说明本文所提出方法的有效性。     

基于IHS和PCA的CBERS与TM数据融合研究

以安徽省淮北市主城区为主要研究区域,采用2000年9月14日TM图像和2007年4月8日中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02)CCD数据作为数据源,主城区TM图像大小为239×338,CBERS图像大小为367×519.对两期遥感图像进行图像配准和去噪处理,运用IHS变换法和PCA变换法对TM图像和CBERS全色波段图像进行融合,并对融合结果进行了评价.     

正弦振动试验问题解答

1.什么叫固定点、检测点、控制点,如何规定和选择.在正弦振动试验中,被试样品能否真正受到规定严酷等级的试验,以及不同的人,或不同的地点、或不同的时间所做的试验能否有高的再现性,在很大程度上取决于试验样品所用的固定点、检测点、控制点的规定和选择.对这个问题,以往的振动标准均没有明确规定,     

MH工业型煤技术

由黑龙江省石油化学研究院煤化学研究所开发、黑龙江省环境保护局推荐的MH工业型煤技术适用于工业锅炉、窑炉型煤加工。主要技术内容一、基本原理MH工业型煤技术是配套技术，主要包括：１．生产工艺技术：设备选型匹配、分散工艺等。２．配煤技术：根据用户需要、煤种情况确定合理配煤比例。３．添加剂技术：包括催化剂、助燃剂、固硫剂等。４．粘结剂防水剂技术：将少量的、价格低的添加成份加入到煤中，使型煤增强快，防水性好。二、技术关键生产工艺的选择；添加剂技术：该添加剂成本低、来源广泛，用量少、增强快、防水性好、能助燃催…     

振动控制点的特殊应用技术用于夹具动态特性改善的研究

振动控制点的特殊应用技术用于夹具动态特性的改善中已取得了明显的效果.本文从理论分析、基本方法以及工程应用诸方面对该项技术作了具体的阐述.实践证明,该项技术具有较高的技术和经济效益,在工程应用中有较高的推广价值.     

车内空气质量问题的分析与研究

本文对W汽车公司乘用车车内异味问题进行研究,对问题比较集中的A(高配、低配)车型进行整车VOC测试、零部件VOC测试和空调异味研究试验,研究发现车内乙醛超标主要是地毯及门窗密封条引起的,乙苯及二甲苯超标则是顶棚引起的;空调异味则是蒸发器芯体产生的冻结臭。本文为车内空气质量的评测与改善提供研究方法,为整改此品牌车内空气质量提供可靠的研究数据。     

Experimental Investigation on the Removal of Toner Particles from Laser-Printed Office Waste Papers

Abstract

In this work the deinking process was simulated in a small high speed blender of about 2 L capacity. The effects of polyethylene (PE) and wax-coated PE on the removal of toner particles in the pulper slurry has been experimentally investigated. The effect of one commercial surfactant (30% anionic, 5% nonionic) on the toner release efficiency was also studied. The average area of toner particles retained on filter papers were determined using an image analysis system that consists of a high-resolution video camera mounted on an optical polarizing microscope, an image software processor, a Pentium PC, and a high-resolution image monitor. The effect of low density PE on toner detachment from laser-printed standard paper was investigated over a concentration range of 0 –200% PE (relative to paper mass). It is found that PE has a certain capabilty of removing (adsorbing) toner particles. In the second phase of this research work, the effect of wax-coated PE was investigated. It was found that wax-coated PE enhances the removal of toner particles beyond that obtained using only PE. Finally, the effect of a commercial surfactant on the release of toner particles have been investigated over a range of surfactant mass percentage (relative to the paper mass).     

深度处理生活污水以供采暖锅炉回用

针对我国水资源缺乏，作者设想“生活污水深度处理后供采暖锅炉回用”，并结合现场实际成功地进行了探索性试验─—用“缺氧水解－好氧处理”工艺深度处理生活污水。详述了工艺过程的机理及优于传统的活性污泥法之处。强调了深度处理工艺中的几个关键所在，如：好氧接触氧化法、Ａ／Ｏ生物处理系统的技术要点、氮氯基本原理及其特点等。该技术在温度较低的北方也有实用价值。生产性试验表明，应注意的问题是：冬季应采取保温措施；好氧混合液的回流量控制；水解池的使用潜力等。在辽宁盘锦地区采用的缺氧水解－好氧工艺生物处理法处理城市低浓度有机废水的生产性试验表明，它可为高效、低能耗、低成本处理城市污水提供新的途径。     

石油开发废水中氯化物的测定──氯离子选择电极法

用氯离子选择电极法测定油田废水中氯化物是一种新方法。通过电极响应平衡速度试验、干扰消除试验、方法适应性试验等，探讨了温度对能斯特斜率的影响；ＰＨ对测定值的影响；总离子强度调节缓冲溶液（ＴＩＳＡＢ）的选择。本方法分析速度快，测定浓度范围宽，操作简便，成本低，值得推广。     

Measuring Plant Cover in Sagebrush Steppe Rangelands: A Comparison of Methods

Methods that are more cost-effective and objective are needed to detect important vegetation change within acceptable error rates. The objective of this research was to compare visual estimation to three new methods for determining vegetation cover in the sagebrush steppe. Fourteen management units at the US Sheep Experiment Station were identified for study. In each unit, 20 data collection points were selected for measuring plant cover using visual estimation, laser-point frame (LPF), 2 m above-ground-level (AGL) digital imagery, and 100-m AGL digital imagery. In 11 of 14 management units, determinations of vegetation cover differed (P < 0.05). However, when combined, overall determinations of vegetation cover did not differ. Standard deviation, corrected sums of squares, coefficient of variation, and standard error for the 100 m AGL method were half as large as for the LPF and less than the 2-m AGL and visual estimate. For the purpose of measuring plant cover, all three new methods are as good as or better than visual estimation for speed, standard deviation, and cost. The acquisition of a permanent image of a location is an important advantage of the 2 and 100 m AGL methods because vegetation can be reanalyzed using improved software or to answer different questions, and changes in vegetation over time can be more accurately determined. The reduction in cost per sample, the increased speed of sampling, and the smaller standard deviation associated with the 100-m AGL digital imagery are compelling arguments for adopting this vegetation sampling method.     

智能家电的低待机功耗研究

从智能家电待机工作状态入手,分析电器产品中参与待机工作的各部分电路原理,提出降低潜在功耗设计思路和计算方法,从家电设计研发阶段对待机功耗进行控制,同时对待机功耗精确测量方法关键点进行解读以控制低功耗测试不确定度,有助于低待机功耗设计和测量的标准化和规范化。     

磁分离技术在我国废水处理中的研究进展

本文介绍了磁分离技术的基本原理、分离方法和设备，综述了该技术在某些特定废水处理中的应用现状。磁分离技术的实际应用具有分离效率高、分离速度快、选择性好、处理对象广、成本低廉、分离物系的粒度可达到很小，并且不受处理体系的温度、密度、酸碱度限制等优点，可以使某些采用传统分离方法较难或不能分离的物系得以顺利地分离，有较为广泛的应用前景。     

顾及光滑拟合精度的地形曲线采样点布设规则研究

以加权平均抛物线拟合法为例,研究了顾及后期地形曲线光滑模型的采样点布设规则的确定问题.研究表明,对需要光滑拟合处理的地形曲线,除了传统的适当增加冗余采样点(采集质量检测点)外,还需要依据后期的光滑拟合模型,合理规划这些检测点的布点位置,才能有效保障地形曲线的科学采样与高保真重构.     

Eco-neighbourhoods: A review of projects

The recent literature on sustainable urban form has stressed the need to move away from a system of land-use segregation and towards one which intersperses land uses and facilitates localisation. The strategy of dispersed concentration gives shape to this mixed-use principle, and has been equated with the need to plan more self-sufficient neighbourhoods. There are several problematic issues raised by such a strategy, particularly in relation to the propensity of local people to use local facilities when the friction of distance is low. The image of sustainable neighbourhoods purveyed by advocates is at odds with the reality of suburban development. A review of current eco-neighbourhood projects around the world points to the varying degrees to which they have successfully overcome the implementational and behavioural difficulties. Market-led projects — particularly in semi-rural areas — have achieved rather limited success across the range of sustainability criteria. Some large-scale municipally led plans have faired better. Projects led by community non-profit trusts have been able to be most radical and demonstrate the practicability of eco-neighbourhoods in specific situations. Overall, however, the paucity of successful projects highlights the need for a more proactive central and local government stance.     

推进土壤污染防治立法奠定生态环境安全基石

面对我国日益严峻的土壤环境形势,加快推进土壤污染防治立法刻不容缓。加强土壤污染防治立法,是贯彻落实党中央、国务院重要决策部署的具体行动,是有效遏制土壤污染加重趋势的关键环节,是明确落实各方责任的客观要求,是提高公众土壤环境保护意识的现实需要。推进土壤污染防治立法,要坚持问题导向,突出重点环节,明确责任划分,处理好与其他法律的关系,加快建立以土壤污染防治法为统领、以国家政策标准为导向、以部门规章为基础、以科学技术为支撑的中国特色土壤污染防治体系,奠定生态环境安全基石,大力推进生态文明建设。     

Object-Based Classification as an Alternative Approach to the Traditional Pixel-Based Classification to Identify Potential Habitat of the Grasshopper Sparrow

The traditional method of identifying wildlife habitat distribution over large regions consists of pixel-based classification of satellite images into a suite of habitat classes used to select suitable habitat patches. Object-based classification is a new method that can achieve the same objective based on the segmentation of spectral bands of the image creating homogeneous polygons with regard to spatial or spectral characteristics. The segmentation algorithm does not solely rely on the single pixel value, but also on shape, texture, and pixel spatial continuity. The object-based classification is a knowledge base process where an interpretation key is developed using ground control points and objects are assigned to specific classes according to threshold values of determined spectral and/or spatial attributes. We developed a model using the eCognition software to identify suitable habitats for the Grasshopper Sparrow, a rare and declining species found in southwestern Québec. The model was developed in a region with known breeding sites and applied on other images covering adjacent regions where potential breeding habitats may be present. We were successful in locating potential habitats in areas where dairy farming prevailed but failed in an adjacent region covered by a distinct Landsat scene and dominated by annual crops. We discuss the added value of this method, such as the possibility to use the contextual information associated to objects and the ability to eliminate unsuitable areas in the segmentation and land cover classification processes, as well as technical and logistical constraints. A series of recommendations on the use of this method and on conservation issues of Grasshopper Sparrow habitat is also provided.