含钯废催化剂回收概况

本文介绍了国内外含钯废催化剂的回收概况。各国所采用的回收方法主要有直接浸出法、焙烧浸出法、压力浸出法、火法、电解法、还原提取法、气相转移法及絮凝捕集法。同时,简单地介绍了这些方法的回收工艺。     

从废钯/炭催化剂中回收金属钯

采用焚烧—甲酸还原—王水溶渣—结晶—锌粒置换工艺从废钯/炭催化剂中回收金属钯,研究了王水溶渣步骤的反应温度、反应时间及王水加入量对钯回收率的影响.实验结果表明,在反应温度80～90℃、反应时间8.0h、m(钯精渣)∶m(王水)=1∶8的条件下,金属钯的回收率达97.0％左右.     

废钯催化剂中钯的回收

介绍了利用废钯催化剂制备氯化钯的方法,研究了液碱浓度以及液碱用量对溶解过程中残留物含量的影响,以及王水浸出过程中硝酸残留量对钯回收率的影响。通过对影响因素的考察,确定最佳条件,钯的总回收率可达93%以上。     

微波焙烧法与马弗炉焙烧法处理废脱硝催化剂的效果比较

用Na_2CO_3作为助溶剂、Na_2O_2作为消解剂,采用微波焙烧法和马弗炉焙烧法消解处理废钒钨钛脱硝催化剂。通过XRF、BET、XRD和NH_3-TPD技术对两种消解方法制得的钛钨粉样品进行了表征。表征结果显示,与马弗炉焙烧法相比,微波焙烧法得到的钛钨粉纯度更高,TiO_2与WO_3含量之和大于96.7%(w),且该钛钨粉还具有更高的比表面积和酸性,可以作为钒钨钛脱硝催化剂的生产原料再利用。     

含镍废催化剂的回收利用

介绍了从含镍废催化剂中以硝酸镍形式加收镍的方法，镍回收率为70％，硝酸镍纯度为96．6％。该工艺简单，具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

含Cu-Zn废催化剂的综合利用

含 Cu- Zn催化剂 ,如 Cu/Zn/Al催化剂 ,主要用于合成氨工业、制氢工业的低温变换反应 ,合成甲醇和催化加氢反应。用于合成甲醇时 ,催化剂中 Cu O的质量分数为 45 %～ 65 % ,Zn O的质量分数为 2 5 %～ 45 % ;用于低温变换反应时 ,Cu O的质量分数为30 %～ 40 % ,Zn O的质量分数为 40 %～ 5 0 %。由于在使用过程中都是使用还原状态的铜 ,因此造成催化剂失活的原因具有一些共同的特点 ,如硫中毒、卤素中毒、热老化等。这使得此类催化剂寿命短 ,再生困难 ,因而产生大量的失活催化剂。如果能较好地处理和利用这些废催化剂 ,可充分利用资源 ,…     

废FCC催化剂制作白炭黑的工艺研究

以废FCC催化剂为原料,通过酸浸提取金属成分后,将剩余的硅渣和15％的氢氧化钠反应制得水玻璃.在搅拌速度为460 r/min,反应温度为80℃,水玻璃浓度为1.6 N(1.6 mol/L,模数2.31)溶液中加入13.7％的硫酸溶液(2.9 N,1.45 mol/L),终点pH值6.0,可以得到性能较优的白炭黑,实现了...     

炼油厂废催化裂化催化剂的再生技术

对炼油厂重油催化裂化过程硅铝催化剂朱活的原因进行了分析研究,提出了回流浸取法再生催化剂的新工艺。采用该工艺处理后的催化剂含镍量可由０．８％降至０．２１％,活性恢复９５．７％,达到工业应用标准。     

废催化剂中金属的回收

简述了含有铂、钒、镍金属组分的废催化剂来源及金属回收工艺，介绍了萃取法在金属回收中的应用。     

Recovery of nickel oxide from spent catalyst

This study investigates the possibility of recovering nickel from the spent catalyst (NiO/Al2O3) resulting from the steam reforming process to produce water gas (H2/H2O) in many industries. In the extraction process, nickel is recovered as sulfate using sulfuric acid as a solvent. The considered parameters affecting nickel recovery were acid concentration, temperature and time of digestion solid:liquid ratio, particle size and stirring rate. Nickel was to be directly recovered as a sulfate salt by direct crystallization method. The conversion was 99% at 50% sulfuric acid concentration, solid: liquid ratio (1:12) by weight, particle size less than 500 micron for more than 5 h and 800 rpm at 100 degrees C.     

Nickel recovery from spent nickel catalyst.

A process for nickel recovery from a spent catalyst of definite composition has been developed using the hydro-metallurgical route. The processing steps includes direct sulphuric acid leaching followed by separation of iron as well as silica and other impurities. For a 152 microm particle size catalyst, extraction of about 98% nickel was achieved at 363 K in 2 h using a sulphuric acid concentration (v/v) of 8% and a pulp density of 10%. The dissolution of nickel followed diffusion-controlled leaching kinetics. Increase in temperature and sulphuric acid concentration resulted in increase in the nickel recovery. The activation energy for nickel dissolution was calculated to be 62.8 kJ mol(-1). Finally, nickel was recovered as value-added products such as sulphide and oxalate with overall recovery of 90 and 88% of nickel, respectively.     

工业废催化剂的回收利用与环境保护

大量工业废催化剂的丢弃,不仅是一种资源的浪费,而且对环境也会造成一定程度的污染,针对工业废催化剂的回收利用进行了探讨,着重介绍了几种工业废催化剂的综合回收技术.     

从废甲醇合成催化剂中回收铜锌

将废RK-05甲醇合成催化剂经过煅烧、浸取、精制等工序回收其中的铜和锌。经正交实验得到煅烧废催化剂的最优工艺参数为:废催化剂筛目100目,煅烧温度950℃,煅烧时间60 min。最佳浸取工艺条件为:废催化剂加入量约4 g/L,浸取温度75℃,浸取剂用量与理论用量体积比2.0~3.0,浸取剂浓度4.0 mol/L,浸取时间10min。精制工序制备CuO的最佳工艺条件为:锌粒与滤渣质量比为1.00,反应时间3 h,煅烧温度450℃,煅烧时间4 h。制备ZnO的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间60 min。回收的产品CuO纯度为99.1%,满足GB/T674—2003《化学试剂粉状氧化铜》中优级品的标准。回收的产品ZnO纯度为99.6%,满足GB/T3185—1992《氧化锌(间接法)》中一级品的标准。     

废弃SCR催化剂中钒和钨的浸出及回收

采用NaOH溶液一次性浸出废弃SCR催化剂中的钒和钨,并用硫酸对浸出液进行除杂,再利用NH4Cl和硫酸分步对浸出液中的钒和钨进行沉淀回收。在NaOH质量分数40%、液固比8、浸出时间4 h、浸出温度90℃的最佳碱浸条件下,钒和钨的浸出率分别达到90.44%和84.49%。除杂过程的铝去除率达到100%,硅去除率达到77.56%。在沉钒pH为8.0、n(NH_4~+)∶n(V)为4的最佳沉钒条件下,钒回收率达到82.79%。在n(SO_4~(2-))∶n(W)为2的最佳沉钨条件下,钨回收率达到76.41%。     

废SCR催化剂中钒和钨的有机酸浸出

在对废SCR催化剂组成进行分析的基础上,采用草酸和酒石酸两种有机酸浸取废SCR催化剂中的V和W。实验结果表明：草酸对V、W的浸出率均大于酒石酸;在草酸浓度为1.00 mol/L、浸取温度为80 ℃、液固比为10 mL/g、浸取时间为180 min时,V和W的浸出率分别为63.50%和13.12%;在酒石酸浓度为0.5 mol/L、浸取温度为100 ℃、液固比为10 mL/g、浸取时间为180 min时,V和W的浸出率分别为44.00%和9.00%。酸性浸出未改变SCR催化剂中TiO₂的晶型,剩余残渣中依然保留着TiO₂骨架,可继续作为催化剂载体使用。     

Recycling nickel from spent catalyst of Phu My fertilizer plant as a precursor for exhaust gas treatment catalysts preparation

In this study, a very promising way of treating and recycling spent nickel catalysts of fertilizer plants in Vietnam was proposed. Firstly, nickel was recovered from spent catalyst using HNO₃—leaching process. Results show that nickel recovery of over 90% with a purity of over 90% can be achieved with HNO₃ 2.1–2.5 M at 100?°C in 75 min. The residue after leaching is not considered as a hazardous waste according to the Vietnamese regulations. Then, the leachate solution was used as a precursor to prepare a model catalyst for exhaust gas (CO, HC, NO_x) treatment. In comparison with the catalyst prepared from the commercial nickel nitrate solution, the catalyst synthesized from recovered nickel exhibits similar properties and activities. The influence of Ni loading of Ni/alumina catalyst as well as the modification of active phase by some metals addition (Mn, Ba, Ce) was also investigated. It is feasible to modify active phase by transition metals such as Mn, Ba, and Ce for complete oxidation of CO and HC at 270?°C and a reduction of NO_x below 350?°C at high volumetric flow condition (GHSV?=?110.000 h^?1).