共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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加油站渗漏污染地下水已经是一个世界性的问题。由于浅埋区加油站储罐与地下水密切接触,更加剧储罐的腐蚀。为揭示加油站渗漏的典型污染物石油烃(TPH)、苯系物(BTEX)、萘和甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)在该水文地质条件下的迁移变化,在浅埋区某加油站开展了平、枯、丰水期的地下水监测工作。在水平分布上,TPH、BTEX、萘基本相似,均在加油岛附近形成高浓度区,而MTBE则更易随地下水流动而迁移,呈现出不同的污染晕。在垂直分布上,地下水的水位变动是污染物浓度分布的主要影响因素。 相似文献
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随着甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)作为汽油添加剂被持续大量使用,其已成为一种地下水中常见的有机污染物。本文通过纯净水、自来水和地下水中MTBE的平衡吸附容量和微型快速穿透实验(MCRB),比较了5种不同种类活性炭对MTBE的吸附性能。结果显示,苯酚值可准确预测活性炭样品对MTBE的平衡吸附容量大小次序,而丹宁酸值则可大致估计活性炭在实际处理应用时的吸附速度和吸附容量利用率。水样中共存的有机成分降低了活性炭对纯净水中MTBE的吸附容量,在背景TOC较低的去离子水中,活性炭对于MTBE的吸附性能反而比在地下水中降低得更多。穿透实验数据显示双柱串联的处理方式是高效应用活性炭吸附水中MTBE的优选工艺。使用环境友好的竹质活性炭去除地下水中MTBE具有良好的可行性和较高的性价比。 相似文献
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强化生物通风修复过程中柴油衰减规律及其影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
强化生物通风技术对于修复因地下储油罐泄漏引起的土壤污染具有很大的应用前景。通过室内土柱模拟柴油泄漏污染土壤,从土柱中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)剖面分布随时间的变化及降解模式角度,分析了其自然衰减和强化生物通风过程。结果表明:初始柴油浓度直接影响着各柱在自然衰减和强化生物通风过程中柱内的残余TPH平衡分布曲线的形状和浓度峰值位置;在前期自然衰减过程中(约1个月),当土壤中的柴油浓度为5 000~40 000 mg油/kg土时,整个柱内TPH变化的主要原因是重力扩散迁移的结果;当土壤中的柴油浓度≤5 000 mg油/kg土时,其TPH的变化不仅是重力扩散迁移作用的结果,生物降解作用也存在;通风约2个月后,抽提作用对于保持土柱上部柴油浓度稳定变化的意义较为突出。 相似文献
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采用可渗透性反应墙(PRB)协同微生物作用对石油烃污染地下水进行室内模拟修复.研究结果表明,生物PRB对石油烃污染地下水具有较好的处理效果.反应器运行200 d后,生物PRB前端介质总石油烃(TPH)含量高,15个取样点的TPH质量浓度为0.74~5.42 mg/L,后端介质TPH含量较低且分布较均匀,10个取样点中TPH均低于0.29 mg/L,生物PRB出水中未检出TPH.采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对生物PRB内的微生物群落结构进行分析,结果显示,生物PRB中微生物群落结构的相似性随着横向距离的增大而降低,其中B2与B5取样点微生物相似度最高,达83.1%.在生物PRB前端TPH浓度高的部位,微生物群落较为稳定,多样性较低,而后端TPH浓度低的部位,微生物群落不稳定,多样性较高. 相似文献
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地下水环境管理与污染防治技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
归纳了造成地下水污染的主要污染源,分析了污染物入渗的主要途径,探讨了污染物在土壤及地下水中迁移转化过程,提出了加强污染源管理,保护地下水环境的技术措施。 相似文献
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某矿区土壤和地下水重金属污染调查与评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解湘南某矿区土壤和地下水重金属污染状况,对该矿区东河流域附近重金属污染源进行了调查,同时,对地下水和土壤样品进行了采样分析,结果表明:(1)该矿区东河流域附近的主要污染源有18个,其中有色金属选厂、尾矿库、采矿场和冶炼厂是排放重金属较多的污染源;(2)20个采样点中土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Zn、As和Hg大部分超过国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995),综合污染指数P综〉1,该矿区主要的重金属污染元素为Cd、As和Hg,且土壤中Cd、Zn和As的含量两两之间存在着极显著的正线性相关关系;(3)重金属元素在土壤中的纵向迁移不明显,该矿区附近20个采样点的地下水并未受到污染,综合污染指数P综〈1。20个采样点地下水Pb、Cd、Zn、As、Hg浓度均能达到地下水质量标准(GB/T14848.9)中的Ⅲ类标准。 相似文献
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In this paper, the treatment of real groundwater samples contaminated with gasoline components, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and other gasoline constituents in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPHg) by an ozone/UV process was investigated. The treatment was conducted in a semi-batch reactor under different experimental conditions by varying ozone gas dosage and incident UV light intensity. The groundwater samples contained BTEX compounds, MTBE, TBA, and TPHg in the ranges of 5-10000, 3000-5500, 80-1400, and 2400-20000mugl(-1), respectively. The ozone/UV process was very effective compared to ozonation in the removal of the gasoline components from the groundwater samples. For the various gasoline constituents, more than 99% removal efficiency was achieved for the ozone/UV process and the removal efficiency for ozonation was as low as 27%. The net ozone consumed per mol of organic carbon (from BTEX, MTBE, and TBA) oxidized varied in the range of 5-60 for different types of groundwater samples treated by the ozone/UV process. In ozonation experiments, it was observed that the presence of sufficient amount of iron in groundwater samples improved the removal of BTEX, MTBE, TBA, and TPHg. 相似文献
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A variety of additives are used in gasoline, and they can sometimes be used to help identify the source, timing, or number of gasoline spills at a site. The physicochemical characteristics of the additive MTBE, and its historical use pattern in the United States since 1979, make it a key compound to study when conducting forensic investigations of gasoline spills. MTBE's low octanol: water distribution coefficient and high solubility cause it to dissolve into groundwater more readily than other gasoline components. Thus, the initial appearance of MTBE in the groundwater is often a good indicator of a recent gasoline spill. MTBE's very low retardation and minimal biodegradation in groundwater can be used with transport rate calculations to establish relatively accurate estimates of spill timing. Because MTBE moves faster in groundwater than BTEX compounds, if a gasoline spill site has a BTEX plume that is longer than the MTBE plume, it is certain that at least two distinctly different gasoline releases have occurred. This allows for the identification of new gasoline spills, even when substantial subsurface petroleum contamination already exists. An example application is reviewed to demonstrate the use of MTBE data in forensic investigations. 相似文献
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Biofiltration of gasoline vapor by compost media 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Namkoong W Park JS VanderGheynst JS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,121(2):181-187
Gasoline vapor was treated using a compost biofilter operated in upflow mode over 4 months. The gas velocity was 6 m/h, yielding an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 10 min. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiencies remained fairly stable approximately 15 days after biofilter start-up. The average removal efficiencies of TPH and BTEX were 80 and 85%, respectively, during 4 months of stable operation. Biodegradation portions of the treated TPH and BTEX were 60 and 64%, respectively. When the influent concentration of TPH was less than 7800 mg TPH/m3, approximately 50% of TPH in the gas stream was removed in the lower half of the biofilter. When the influent concentration of BTEX was less than 720 mg BTEX/m3, over 75% of BTEX in the gas stream was removed in the lower half of the biofilter. Benzene removal efficiency was the lowest among BTEX. A pressure drop could not be detected over a 1-m bed height at a gas velocity of 6 m/h after approximately 4 months of operation. Results demonstrated that BTEX in gasoline vapor could be treated effectively using a compost biofilter. 相似文献
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《Environmental Forensics》2000,1(1):31-36
A variety of additives are used in gasoline, and they can sometimes be used to help identify the source, timing, or number of gasoline spills at a site. The physicochemical characteristics of the additive MTBE, and its historical use pattern in the United States since 1979, make it a key compound to study when conducting forensic investigations of gasoline spills. MTBE's low octanol : water distribution coefficient and high solubility cause it to dissolve into groundwater more readily than other gasoline components. Thus, the initial appearance of MTBE in the groundwater is often a good indicator of a recent gasoline spill. MTBE's very low retardation and minimal biodegradation in groundwater can be used with transport rate calculations to establish relatively accurate estimates of spill timing. Because MTBE moves faster in groundwater than BTEX compounds, if a gasoline spill site has a BTEX plume that is longer than the MTBE plume, it is certain that at least two distinctly different gasoline releases have occurred. This allows for the identification of new gasoline spills, even when substantial subsurface petroleum contamination already exists. An example application is reviewed to demonstrate the use of MTBE data in forensic investigations. 相似文献
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Fischer A Oehm C Selle M Werner P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):381-386
Background Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a fuel additive which is used all over the world. In recent years it has often been
found in groundwater, mainly in the USA, but also in Europe. Although MTBE seems to be a minor toxic, it affects the taste
and odour of water at concentrations of < 30 μg/L. Although MTBE is often a recalcitrant compound, it is known that many ethers
can be degraded by abiotic means. The aim of this study was to examine biotic and abiotic transformations of MTBE with respect
to the particular conditions of a contaminated site (former refinery) in Leuna, Germany.
Methods Groundwater samples from wells of a contaminated site were used for aerobic and anaerobic degradation experiments. The abiotic
degradation experiment (hydrolysis) was conducted employing an ion-exchange resin and MTBE solutions in distilled water. MTBE,
tertiary butyl formate (TBF) and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) were measured by a gas chromatograph with flame ionisation detector
(FID). Aldehydes and organic acids were respectively analysed by a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (ECD)
and high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC).
Results and Discussion Under aerobic conditions, MTBE was degraded in laboratory experiments. Only 4 of a total of 30 anaerobic experiments exhibited
degradation, and the process was very slow. In no cases were metabolites detected, but a few degradation products (TBF, TBA
and formic acid) were found on the site, possibly due to the lower temperatures in groundwater. The abiotic degradation of
MTBE with an ion-exchange resin as a catalyst at pH 3.5 was much faster than hydrolysis in diluted hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0).
Conclusion Although the aerobic degradation of MTBE in the environment seems to be possible, the specific conditions responsible are
widely unknown. Successful aerobic degradation only seems to take place if there is a lack of other utilisable compounds.
However, MTBE is often accompanied by other fuel compounds on contaminated sites and anaerobic conditions prevail. MTBE is
often recalcitrant under anaerobic conditions, at least in the presence of other carbon sources. The abiotic hydrolysis of
MTBE seems to be of secondary importance (on site), but it might be possible to enhance it with catalysts.
Recommendation and Outlook MTBE only seems to be recalcitrant under particular conditions. In some cases, the degradation of MTBE on contaminated sites
could be supported by oxygen. Enhanced hydrolysis could also be an alternative.
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
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Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately. 相似文献
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Pamela R. D. Williams 《Environmental Forensics》2014,15(1):97-119
Potential threats to drinking water and water quality continue to be a major concern in many regions of the United States. New Jersey, in particular, has been at the forefront of assessing and managing potential contamination of its drinking water supplies from hazardous substances. The purpose of the current analysis is to provide an up-to-date evaluation of the occurrence and detected concentrations of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and several other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in public water systems, private wells, and ambient groundwater wells in New Jersey based on the best available data, and to put these results into context with federal and state regulatory and human-health benchmarks. Analyses are based on the following three databases that contain water quality monitoring data for New Jersey: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Private Well Testing Act (PWTA), and National Water Information System (NWIS). For public water systems served by groundwater in New Jersey, MTBE was detected at a concentration ≥10 μg/L, ≥20 μg/L, and ≥70 μg/L at least once in 30 (2%), 21 (1.4%), and five (0.3%) of sampled systems from 1997 to 2011, respectively. For private wells in New Jersey, MTBE was detected at a concentration ≥10 μg/L, ≥20 μg/L, and ≥70 μg/L at least once in 385 (0.5%), 183 (0.2%), and 46 (0.05%) of sampled wells from 2001 to 2011, respectively. For ambient groundwater wells in New Jersey, MTBE was detected at a concentration ≥10 μg/L, ≥20 μg/L, and ≥70 μg/L at least once in 14 (2.1%), 9 (1.3%), and 4 (0.6%) of sampled wells from 1993 to 2012, respectively. Average detected concentrations of MTBE, as well as detected concentrations at upper-end percentiles, were less than corresponding benchmarks for all three datasets. The available data show that MTBE is rarely detected in various source waters in New Jersey at a concentration that exceeds the State's health-based drinking water standard or other published benchmarks, and there is no evidence of an increasing trend in the detection frequency of MTBE. Other VOCs, such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and benzene, are detected more often above corresponding regulatory or human-health benchmarks due to their higher detected concentrations in water and/or greater toxicity values. The current analysis provides useful data for evaluating the nature and extent of historical and current contamination of water supplies in New Jersey and potential opportunities for public exposures and health risks due to MTBE and other VOCs on a statewide basis. Additional forensic or forecasting analyses are required to identify the sources or timing of releases of individual contaminants at specific locations or to predict potential future water contamination in New Jersey. 相似文献
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Discovery of the fuel additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in groundwater, surface water, and stormwater has prompted studies of its sources, transport and fate. More limited data, however, is available on the extent of contamination of coastal waters, as well as the persistence of MTBE in the marine environment. We apply here the combination of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the detection of sub-to-low microgram/l concentrations of MTBE in seawater samples. Analysis of samples collected at the Marina del Rey harbor, a shallow recreational harbor near Los Angeles, CA, show MTBE contamination in the low microgram/l level. MTBE measurements were made at different depths, from the surface to the bottom, at five sites within the harbor during months showing no measurable precipitation. The highest concentration of MTBE (18 microgram/l) was found at the boat launching ramp, and the lowest (0.2 microgram/l) near the harbor entrance, approximately 2.3 km from the ramp. The levels of MTBE measured, as well as their variation over the study period, are fully consistent with recreational boating as the primary source of contamination. No evidence for MTBE contamination from the adjacent stormwater control channel was noted. 相似文献
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Hydrochemical and isotopic effects associated with petroleum fuel biodegradation pathways in a chalk aquifer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spence MJ Bottrell SH Thornton SF Richnow HH Spence KH 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2005,79(1-2):67-88
Hydrochemical data, compound specific carbon isotope analysis and isotopic enrichment trends in dissolved hydrocarbons and residual electron acceptors have been used to deduce BTEX and MTBE degradation pathways in a fractured chalk aquifer. BTEX compounds are mineralised sequentially within specific redox environments, with changes in electron acceptor utilisation being defined by the exhaustion of specific BTEX components. A zone of oxygen and nitrate exhaustion extends approximately 100 m downstream from the plume source, with residual sulphate, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. Within this zone complete removal of the TEX components occurs by bacterial sulphate reduction, with sulphur and oxygen isotopic enrichment of residual sulphate (epsilon(s) = -14.4 per thousand to -16.0 per thousand). Towards the plume margins and at greater distance along the plume flow path nitrate concentrations increase with delta15N values of up to +40 per thousand indicating extensive denitrification. Benzene and MTBE persist into the denitrification zone, with carbon isotope enrichment of benzene indicating biodegradation along the flow path. A Rayleigh kinetic isotope enrichment model for 13C-enrichment of residual benzene gives an apparent epsilon value of -0.66 per thousand. MTBE shows no significant isotopic enrichment (delta13C = -29.3 per thousand to -30.7 per thousand) and is isotopically similar to a refinery sample (delta13C = -30.1 per thousand). No significant isotopic variation in dissolved MTBE implies that either the magnitude of any biodegradation-induced isotopic fractionation is small, or that relatively little degradation has taken place in the presence of BTEX hydrocarbons. It is possible, however, that MTBE degradation occurs under aerobic conditions in the absence of BTEX since no groundwater samples were taken with co-existing MTBE and oxygen. Low benzene delta13C values are correlated with high sulphate delta34S, indicating that little benzene degradation has occurred in the sulphate reduction zone. Benzene degradation may be associated with denitrification since increased benzene delta13C is associated with increased delta15N in residual nitrate. Re-supply of electron acceptors by diffusion from the matrix into fractures and dispersive mixing is an important constraint on degradation rates and natural attenuation capacity in this dual-porosity aquifer. 相似文献