我国城市污水回用现状及前景

通过对我国水资源状况和不处理状况的论述，说明了我国城市污水回用的紧迫性、必要性，分析了我国城市污水利用的现状和回用水利用的模式，提出了下一步应解决的问题的思路，展望了我国城市污水回用的前景，以实现水资源开发利用的可持续性发展。     

浅谈城市污水回用及其优越性

通过对我国水资源短缺状况的论述,说明了我国城市污水回用的紧迫性、必要性。在介绍污水回用的主要用途和工艺技术的基础上,阐述了污水回用在经济、环境等方面的优越性,得出城市污水回用是解决水资源短缺的有效方法和社会发展的趋势。     

污水回用作工业循环冷却水的研究

分析了城市二级处理污水回用时的影响因素，并对污水回用作工业循环冷却水提出了建议。     

泸州市城市污水现状浅析

本文简要介绍了泸州市城市污水现状,对污水的排放规律和特征作了扼要分析。     

把好城市污水处理厂建设前期工作质量关

国务院办公厅近日向各地各部门发出通知,要求加强基础设施工程质量管理。强调“要严格把好建设前期工作质量关。建设项目的项目建议书、可行性研究报告和初步设计文件,必须按照国家规定的内容,达到规定的工作深度。”笔者就所接触到的城市污水处理厂建设项目的前期工作...     

国家发布重点行业取水定额标准 公布城市污水利用三项标准

2003年1月6日,国家经济贸易委员会和国家标准化管理委员会在京发布了6项工业企业取水定额国家标准,分别为:《工业企业产品取水定额编制通则》(GB/T18820—2002),于2003年1月1日开始实施;《取水定额第1部分:火力发电》(GB/T18916、1—2002)、《取水定     

关于城市污水治理政策的思考

作者从管水战略、治水重点、污水处理厂规模、污水厂污泥的处理和处置及中水回用等方面对城市污水治理政策提出了建议。     

城市污水热能回收与利用发展状况、评价和意义

本文通过对城市污水热能回收与利用发展状况、评价以及应用该项技术的意义的探讨,说明城市污水中贮存的能源潜力巨大,而且是一种不会产生污染的清洁能源。我们采取有效措施,开展对城市污水热能的研究开发和应用,从而使其成为人类获取能源的一种新型手段。     

中国城市污水处理及资源化发展的现状与对策

本文从三个方面分析了造成我国水资源短缺的原因,并以大量数据说明我国政府在应对水危机方面取得的一系列成就。同时针对我国面临的水资源短缺问题,提出了相应的对策和措施。     

Estimating the effects of urban residential development on water quality using microdata

In this study, we examine the impact on water quality of urbanization using disaggregate data from Wake County, North Carolina. We use a unique panel data set tracing the conversion of individual residentially zoned land parcels to relate the density of residential development and the change in residential land use to three measures of water quality. Using a spatial econometrics model, we relate spatially and temporally referenced monitoring station readings to our measures of residential land use while controlling for other factors affecting water quality. We find that both the density of residential land use and the rate of land conversion have a negative impact on water quality. The impacts of these non-point sources are found to be larger in magnitude than those from urban point sources.     

香根草人工湿地处理生活污水的试验研究

通过建立香根草人工湿地系统,研究该系统对生活污水的COD、TP、TN的处理效果以及系统的耐污性。在水力停留时间(HRT)为6h的条件下,COD、TP、TN的去除率分别为63.5%、88.3%、72.4%。研究表明,香根草人工湿地系统对城镇生活污水具有较好的净化效果,且系统在该试验条件下耐污性良好。     

城市污水集中处理市场化探讨

城市污水集中处理市场化是解决城市污水治理资金不足的重要措施。本文论述了城市污水集中处理市场化的客观必然性,提出了城市污水集中处理投资及市场化运营模式,探讨了相关的政策。     

农村家园污水人工湿地处理示范工程研究

近年来国内农村家园和乡镇建设了不少人工湿地,但常出现渗漏、堵塞、短流、恶臭、去除效率低、管理粗放、资源未综合利用等问题,能长期正常运行的少,缺乏可靠运行的范例。为此,我们开展了农村家因污水、雨水人工湿地处理及综合利用研究,取得了一定的进展并在四川省成都市安德镇安龙村建设了示范工程。     

提高炼油污水处理场排水合格率的途径

为解决炼油厂外排污水存在的问题，该厂采取了一系列措施。如：改进污水处理工艺，应用新技术、新设备，加强上游管理，以减少冲击事故。通过这些努力污水场排水合格率连续几年一直达90％以上，污水回用率达30％以上。从1994年至今，污水处理场各套设备运行基本正常，达到了很好的处理效果。     

Water-quality effectiveness of a detention/wetland treatment system and its effect on an urban lake

A newly installed combined detention/wetland stormwater treatment facility upstream from Lake McCarrons, Roseville, Minnesota, was monitored for 21 months to evaluate its effectiveness and the response of the lake to decreased phosphorus loads. The treatment facility consists of a 1.0-ha detention pond that discharges into a series of six constructed wetland “chambers.” Data from snowmelt and rainfall events are presented for several pollutants. Results show good reductions for most pollutants. Discussion on the facets of the system's operation are presented. Data from the lake show very little change in its water quality from three years prior to restoration (1984–1986) to three years following restoration (1987–1989): the lake's phosphorus and chlorophyll has actually increased.     

Study of urban population attitudes towards various wastewater reuse options: Israel as a case study

This paper summarizes the findings of a survey (256 participants) conducted to determine the attitude of the Israeli urban public towards various urban water reuse options. Israel is known for its long and successful agricultural water reuse scheme, but to date no large-scale urban reuse projects have been implemented. The survey included 21 reuse options, which were clustered into three reuse categories, namely: low, medium, and high contact levels. Results show that a high proportion of the participants supported medium contact reuse options such as sidewalk landscaping (95%), domestic WC flushing (85%) and firefighting (96%). Higher contact reuse options such as domestic laundry (38%), preserved food (13%), and potable aquifer recharge (11%) found much lesser support. Less than expected support was found for low contact reuse options with 86% for field crop irrigation, 62% for aquifer recharge for agricultural irrigation, and as low as 49% for orchard irrigation. This low support is surprising, since all three options have been practiced on a large scale for over three decades in Israel without any adverse effects to the public. No correlation was found between any biographical characteristic examined (education, gender, income, marital status, having young children, and age) and support for medium contact options. For the medium contact options, the results suggest that perceived financial gain (individual and/or communal) and positive public opinion enhances support, while perceived health effects negatively affects the degree of support. Technology, trust in authorities and awareness of water and environmental issues were found to not have a significant effect on support for medium contact reuse options. Analyzing the four possible reasons for support given by participants who identified themselves as supporters of wastewater reuse revealed that the most important reason for support was "water saving", followed by "minimization of importing water from abroad". These were followed by "infrastructure cost saving" together with "environmental improvement".     

高效油水分离器和过滤器处理油田污水的现场实验研究

为了开发高效、低耗的含油污水处理工艺技术和设备,在吉林油田新立采油厂,对石油大学（北京）研制开发的高效油水分离器和高效过滤器处理油田污水的技术性能进行了现场测试研究。油水分离器采用斜通道波纹板作内构件,过滤器用炉渣做滤料。现场实验表明：高效油水分离器和高效过滤器串联处理油田污水,不论污水含油量高低,其过滤器出口水中含油量不高于１０ｍｇ／Ｌ者达９４％：过滤器出口水中悬浮物不高于１０ｍｇ／Ｌ者占８６％。结果说明该套装置在油和悬浮物的脱除及操作方面性能优异。有推广应用前景。     

Effects of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating domestic sewage

The objective of this study was to determine the best performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) based on the use of four different bed materials as support for biomass immobilization. The bed materials utilized were polyurethane foam (PU), vegetal carbon (VC), synthetic pumice (SP), and recycled low-density polyethylene (PE). The AnSBBR, with a total volume of 7.2L, was operated in 8-h batch cycles over 10 months, and fed with domestic sewage with an average influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 358+/-110mg/L. The average effluent COD values were 121+/-31, 208+/-54, 233+/-52, and 227+/-51mg/L, for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. A modified first-order kinetic model was adjusted to temporal profiles of COD during a batch cycle, and the apparent kinetic constants were 0.52+/-0.05, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.80+/-0.04, and 0.30+/-0.02h(-1) for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. Specific substrate utilization rates of 1.08, 0.11, and 0.86mg COD/mgVS day were obtained for PU, VC, and PE, respectively. Although SP yielded the highest kinetic coefficient, PU was considered the best support, since SP presented loss of chemical constituents during the reactor's operational phase. In addition, findings on the microbial community were associated with the reactor's performance data. Although PE did not show a satisfactory performance, an interesting microbial diversity was found on its surface. Based on the morphology and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results, PE showed the best capacity for promoting the attachment of methanogenic organisms, and is therefore a material that merits further analysis. PU was considered the most suitable material showing the best performance in terms of efficiency of solids and COD removal.