Tail autotomy affects bipedalism but not sprint performance in a cursorial Mediterranean lizard

Running is essential in all terrestrial animals mainly for finding food and mates and escaping from predators. Lizards employ running in all their everyday functions, among which defense stands out. Besides flight, tail autotomy is another very common antipredatory strategy within most lizard families. The impact of tail loss to sprint performance seems to be species dependent. In some lizard species, tail shedding reduces sprint speed, in other species, increases it, and, in a few species, speed is not affected at all. Here, we aimed to clarify the effect of tail autotomy on the sprint performance of a cursorial lizard with particular adaptations for running, such as bipedalism and spike-like protruding scales (fringes) on the toepads that allow high speed on sandy substrates. We hypothesized that individuals that performed bipedalism, and have more and larger fringes, would achieve higher sprint performance. We also anticipated that tail shedding would affect sprint speed (though we were not able to define in what way because of the unpredictable effects that tail loss has on different species). According to our results, individuals that ran bipedally were faster; limb length and fringe size had limited effects on sprint performance whereas tail autotomy affected quadrupedal running only in females. Nonetheless, tail loss significantly affected bipedalism: the ability for running on hindlimbs was completely lost in all adult individuals and in 72.3% of juveniles.     

人工湿地生物沸石快速吸附-再生性能与再生机理研究

在填充生物沸石和石灰石的强化硝化模拟人工湿地中,考察了生物沸石快速吸附-再生动态平衡性能和生物沸石再生的机理.研究结果表明,生物沸石模拟人工湿地中硝化作用明显,产生的氧化态氮主要为硝氮,平均浓度为106.31 mg·L~(-1)(大于吸附去除的氨氮浓度).模拟人工湿地出水中的金属阳离子主要为Na+和Ca~(2+),30 d后Ca~(2+)浓度大于Na+浓度.生物沸石的再生是离子交换释放氨氮和微生物协同作用的结果.石灰石缓慢释放的Ca~(2+)可促进生物沸石再生,生物沸石与石灰石投加量的最佳质量比为5∶1.生物沸石再生过程中,微生物起主导作用.     

Factors affecting in vitro plant regeneration of the critically endangered Mediterranean knapweed (Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fisch et. Mey)

Habitat destruction has resulted in the extinction of many plant species from the earth, and many more face extinction. Likely, the annual endemic Mediterranean knapweed (Centaurea tchihatcheffii) growing in the Golbasi district of Ankara, Turkey is facing extinction and needs urgent conservation. Plant tissue culture, a potentially useful technique for ex situ multiplication, was used for the restoration of this ill-fated plant through seed germination, micropropagation from stem nodes, and adventitious shoot regeneration from immature zygotic embryos. The seeds were highly dormant and very difficult to germinate. No results were obtained from the micropropagation of stem nodes. However, immature zygotic embryos showed the highest adventitious shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, containing 1 mg l⁻¹ kinetin and 0.25 mg l⁻¹ NAA. Regenerated shoots were best rooted on MS medium containing 1 mg l⁻¹ IBA and transferred to the greenhouse for flowering and seed set. As such, the present work is the first record of in vitro propagation of critically endangered C. tchihatcheffii, using immature zygotic embryos, and is a step forward towards conservation of this indigenous species.     

工业焚烧炉尾气中HCl含量的测定

用离子色谱法测定焚烧炉尾气中氯化氢含量的方法。由于焚烧炉排气尾气具有温度高的特点，该试验采用将６０ｃｍ左右的石英管一端插入焚烧炉排气烟筒中，另一端连接装有浓度为０．０１／ｍｏｌ．Ｌ－１ＮａＯＨ溶液的吸收瓶的采样方法。该方法采样简便，易操作，采完的样品可直接进入离子色谱仪中进行测定，其方法加标回收率９７％～１０５％，相对标准偏差小于３％。     

“地中海的心脏”瓦莱塔

<正>瓦莱塔是南欧岛国马耳他的首都,座落在马耳他岛东北部,是全国政治、文化和商业的中心,也是欧、亚、非海运交通的枢纽,战略地位十分重要,更是闻名世界的旅游城市,素有"地中海的心脏"、"海上花园"之称。瓦莱塔依山傍水,环境优雅,气候宜人,加上得天独厚的地理位置,这里安静恬适,听不到大城市的喧嚣,也没有大工业的烟尘,污染程度低,交通便利,市场繁荣,社会秩序良好,人与自然和谐相处。这里春天来得特别早,当欧洲还处在千里冰封的严冬季节时,瓦莱塔就已春暖     

徐州市尾水导流工程的生态风险分析

生态风险分析是结合生态学、环境化学、生态毒理学等相关学科知识对人类实践活动产生的生态风险进行分析和评价的工作。徐州区域尾水导流工程的实施对南水北调东线调水水质的保护将起到重要作用,但由于该工程投资大,涉及的区域广,影响因子多而复杂,势必对沿线的生态环境有长期潜在的影响。本文利用生态风险分析的基本原理和方法,着重开展了重要受体新沂河湿地的风险分析,尾水灌溉、洪涝灾害的生态风险分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

沥青尾气的处理

阐述了沥青尾气直接燃烧法处理工艺及净化效果。提出采用FQJI型有机废气全氧化净化装置,处理沥青尾气的方案。该装置既可直接燃烧,又可催化焚烧;对不同处理对象,在全氧化温度250℃～900℃内,选用不同的氧化温度,可获得最佳净化效果。     

阻尼减振技术在某型飞机短舱尾罩裂纹中的应用

目的针对某型飞机短舱尾罩振动情况开展研究,制定不对结构进行颠覆性改进短舱尾罩裂纹问题的解决措施。方法对短舱尾罩处的振动情况进行测试,分析短舱尾罩裂纹形成的原因,利用阻尼减振技术的原理选择适合的阻尼材料和处理方式,通过振动测试验证改进效果。结果采用阻尼减振技术后,振动水平最大降低约83%,峰值个数明显减少,对易产生蒙皮裂纹的大于150 Hz、0.8 g以上的振动具有有效的抑制作用,能够有效提高蒙皮结构的使用寿命。结论短舱尾罩蒙皮结构采取阻尼层减振处理的方法基本解决了短舱尾罩裂纹问题,同时也给解决振动引起的类似问题提供了解决思路。     

Evaluating the environmental performance of a university

An increasing number of organisations are moving towards assessing and reporting their environmental performance in a supply-chain context. Not only are such “footprint”-type assessments seen as more rigorous than sustainability reports created in-house, they also offer more abatement options than assessments limited to an organisation’s premises. Hybrid life-cycle assessment methods combining input-output analysis and process analysis are ideally suited to enumerate organisational footprints, because they were developed to enable overall complete results whilst being application-specific. We apply one of these hybrid methods, the Path Exchange Method to the task of planning for a sustainable campus at the University of Sydney in Australia. We show how this method can be used by an environmental or procurement officer for exploring environmental performance and abatement options across supply chains. We also show how parts of an organisation, for example University faculties, can be assessed and compared against each other. Whilst tools like ones used in this work enable quantitative decision support for procurement and operations policies, it takes staff awareness, engagement and training to successfully put such tools into practice.     

汽车尾气的污染危害及治理

以沈阳市为例，提出了汽车尾气已是大气的主要污染源，对人类健康已构成巨大威胁。并阐述了污染物产生的机理，及控制途径。     

硝酸磷肥装置含氨尾气系统改造

分析硝酸磷肥装置含氨尾气系统存在的问题，介绍改造工艺，主要设备和改造后收到的良好经济效益及社会效益。     

制氨厂尾气中CO的变压吸附提纯

制氨厂尾气含有大量CO,若采用有效的分离、纯化工艺,可获得碳一化工(C1)所需的高纯度CO.本文研究了用PU1型吸附剂变压吸附提纯制氨厂尾气,同时比较了PU1型吸附剂和ZMS-5A型沸石的性能.试验采用一段法变压吸附工艺研究了不同操作条件下CO的纯化和回收,气体流速为0.2～0.8 m³/h,并对工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明PU1吸附性能较好,在吸附压力0.3 MPa、原料气CO浓度30%时,CO回收率为75%,CO产品气的纯度可大于98%.     

某型直升机尾减速器从动机匣腐蚀故障分析及预防对策研究

目的分析某型直升机尾减速器从动机匣腐蚀故障原因,建立预防该类腐蚀故障问题的处理方法。方法通过腐蚀故障机基本信息分析,腐蚀故障部位结构、材料和腐蚀形貌分析,得出腐蚀故障原因,采取"原位"处理方式建立该类腐蚀故障处理方法。结果某型直升机尾减速器从动机匣安装面有异种金属接触和凹陷型结构,并承受交变载荷,易发生腐蚀故障,部队外场维护只能通过检查和监控延缓腐蚀进程,解决该问题需通过"湿装配"的密封剂处理技术和螺栓表面防护加强方法。结论采取机上原位进行尾减速器从动机匣螺栓固定端面"湿装配"密封处理和螺栓外表面防护涂层加强处理,能够防止电解液进入螺栓固定端面和螺栓孔内部,达到腐蚀预防的目的。     

关于资源再生经济的企业思考（二）——反思改革 品味行业成败得失

1 经济形态演变是主观与客观统一的产物 任何一种经济形态,从主观上讲,都是人们的主观愿望,是人们想象中希望得到的。然而,这种主观与客观的统一与否,还有待于到现实中去检验。     

黄磷尾气的综合利用及净化途径探讨

对黄磷尾气综合利用的途径和生产的技术进行了探讨,应用变温吸附和变压吸附分离技术处理黄磷尾气,净化效果较好,再生容易,各种杂质脱除率高.     

A gravid lizard from the Cretaceous of China and the early history of squamate viviparity

Although viviparity is most often associated with mammals, roughly one fifth of extant squamate reptiles give birth to live young. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the trait evolved more than 100 times within Squamata, a frequency greater than that of all other vertebrate clades combined. However, there is debate as to the antiquity of the trait and, until now, the only direct fossil evidence of squamate viviparity was in Late Cretaceous mosasauroids, specialised marine lizards without modern equivalents. Here, we document viviparity in a specimen of a more generalised lizard, Yabeinosaurus, from the Early Cretaceous of China. The gravid female contains more than 15 young at a level of skeletal development corresponding to that of late embryos of living viviparous lizards. This specimen documents the first occurrence of viviparity in a fossil reptile that was largely terrestrial in life, and extends the temporal distribution of the trait in squamates by at least 30 Ma. As Yabeinosaurus occupies a relatively basal position within crown-group squamates, it suggests that the anatomical and physiological preconditions for viviparity arose early within Squamata.