共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 625 毫秒
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增强的UV—B辐射对陆地生态系统的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文根据最近的文献,回顾了UV-B辐射对陆地生态系统的影响。UV-B辐射影响植物物候,形态和次生代谢,从而改变生态系统的物种结构,竞争性平衡,食物链,植物病原体,物质循环,真菌移植与叶片分解,植物物候,形态和次生代谢的变化是UV-B辐射调控影响生态系统的重要途径,具有重要的生态学意义,虽然我们已经适当了解了UV-B辐射对植物作用的机理,但由于温室内植物个体水平的短期响应与野外条件下生态系统的长期响 相似文献
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北京地区臭氧层损耗、气溶胶污染与紫外辐射的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对北京地区臭氧层损耗和气溶胶污染对紫外辐射量变化的影响进行了计算。结果表明,当臭氧总量减少1%-30%时,UV-B对DNA危害效应的辐射放大因子(RAF)从2.3增加到4.2。城区和乡村环境的气溶胶污染使UV-B日辐射总量分别降低45%和10%。如是仅考虑臭氧总量的变化,1980-1989年间UV-B辐射量年变化率为1.4%,当考虑气溶胶因素的变化后,UV-B辐射量年变化率为-0.7%,这与实际观 相似文献
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田间增强UV-B辐射对麦田生态系统Fe营养和累积的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究大田栽培和自然光条件下,模拟UV-B辐射(UV-B,280nm ~315nm )增强对麦田生态系统Fe营养和累积的影响.在4 个生育期中,UV-B辐射显著增加叶和穗Fe含量,显著降低根Fe 含量,并改变茎Fe 含量.叶Fe累积对UV-B辐射的响应有明显的生育期之间的差异. 分蘖期无显著变化,拔节期和扬花期显著增加,而成熟期显著降低.在各生育期,UV-B辐射显著降低叶、根和穗Fe累积.UV-B辐射显著降低春小麦不同生育期Fe总累积,在5.31kJ·m-2 UV-B辐射下,降低最显著.UV-B辐射还降低春小麦群体Fe输出.麦田土壤速效Fe含量增加是春小麦群体Fe输出降低的结果,可能导致土壤库中Fe 储量的增加. 相似文献
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鼎湖山地面臭氧、氮氧化物变化特征的分析 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
给出了1996年夏季在广东肇庆鼎湖山自然保护区对太阳紫外B辐射、地面臭氧、NO、NO2浓度的观测结果,对影响地面臭氧、NO、NO2的主要因子进行了分析,并得到了较好的结果.晴天条件下,地面臭氧浓度、NO、NO2浓度有明显的日变化;阴天条件下,地面臭氧浓度、NO、NO2浓度的日变化要复杂一些.晴天和阴天条件下,UVB因子与q1、q2、q3、q4之间存在着很好的相关关系,其关系式为ln(QUVB/m)=a1q1+a2q2+a3q3+a4q4+a0.说明大气中的光化学反应是决定地面臭氧浓度、NO、NO2浓度变化规律的主要原因. 相似文献
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以野生型大肠菌CSH50及mutM缺陷的大肠菌MF67为宿主,观察了太阳光对M13mp~2噬菌体单链DNA lacZα基因区域的致突变性.结果显示,太阳光照射引起噬菌体lacZα基因区域的突变,在mutM缺陷的宿主中更为明显;0.25mol/L的甘露醇可以部分拮抗太阳光的致突变作用.以ESR自旋捕捉法检测了太阳光、长波紫外线(UVA)及中波紫外线(UVB)照射M13mp~2噬菌体样品中的自由基,结果还显示,太阳光和UVA照射可引起羟自由基的产生,而UTB照射则没有明显的自由基信号产生说明太阳光致突变作用与DNA氧化损伤有关,羟自由基在其中发挥一定的作用 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》1996,8(4):507-508
THECENTREFORENVIRONMENTALSTUDIESTHECHINESEUNIVERSITYOFHONGKONG¥//OBJECTIVESOvertheyears,populationgrowthandindustrialdevelopm... 相似文献
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不同波段紫外光在TiO2悬浊液中的消光特点 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
为确定TiO2催化剂悬浊液对不同波段紫外光的消光规律,本试验以4-CBA-Na为模型污染物,针对催化剂/污染物悬浊液体系在不同催化剂投加量下,对UVA、UVB和UVC波段光子的消光效果进行了测定.结果表明,各悬浮体系对各波段紫外光的消光基本上符合比耳定律,即随着入射光程的增加,光强呈现负指数衰减;紫外光在催化剂悬浊液中的消光系数随催化剂投加量的增大而增加,其增加规律可以用二次多项式表示;污染物溶液本身对UVB和UVC紫外光有吸收,UVB和UVC紫外光在催化剂-污染物悬浮体系中的消光系数可视为污染物与催化剂颗粒的消光系数之叠加.催化剂悬浊液对紫外光的消光系数随紫外光波长的减小而增大,这意味着使用短波长的UVC作为光催化降解光源可以提高能量利用效率. 相似文献
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中国第四次北极科考航线上黑碳和臭氧的变化特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用2010年7月1日至9月20日中国第四次北极科学考察的大气成分在线观测资料,对考察航线上黑碳气溶胶(BC)、臭氧(O3)和B波段紫外辐射(UVB)的分布特征进行了分析.结果显示,这些要素总体上随纬度的增加而递减,其最大值出现在我国东部海域,最低值出现在北冰洋.进入白令海后,BC浓度变化相对平稳,白令海和北冰洋的BC平均浓度分别为15.6ng·m-3和10.5ng·m-3.白令海的平均O3体积分数比北冰洋高,分别为18.9×10-9和15.7×10-9.但在75°N以北海区O3体积分数有所升高,在80°N以北达到17.0×10-9,这一现象可能与海冰密集度和冰上光化学过程有关.UVB辐照度在中低纬地区有显著的日变化,由于在北冰洋航行期间处于极昼期,其变化幅度较小.UVB受天气影响明显,尤其是遇上气旋的阴雨天气,UVB强度较弱. 相似文献
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不同波段下黄海中二甲基硫光氧化动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采集黄海表层海水样品,在模拟太阳光照射条件下研究二甲基硫(DMS)在UVB(280、295和305nm)、UVA(320、345和395nm)和可见光(435和495nm)8个不同波段下的光化学氧化动力学行为,并探讨其对二甲亚砜(DMSO)生成的贡献率.研究结果表明,DMS光氧化过程均符合一级反应动力学方程,在UVB、UVA和可见光波段的光氧化速率常数分别为2.71~5.52、2.23~4.09和1.5~2.65d-1.同一样品UVB波段下DMS的氧化速率明显大于UVA和可见光波段下的速率,且在280nm下最大.随着光照时间的增长,海水样品中DMS浓度与有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光谱吸收系数(α(355))表现出明显的负相关性,表明CDOM吸光特性对DMS的光氧化过程有明显影响.此外,8个不同波段下DMS光氧化向DMSO的转化率在20.0%-31.9%范围之间,其中在280nm下达到最大值. 相似文献
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Ambient ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation impacts plant-dwelling arthropods including herbivorous and predatory mites. However, the effects of UVB on prey?Cpredator systems, such as that between the herbivorous spider mite and predatory phytoseiid mite, are poorly understood. A comparative study was conducted to determine the vulnerability and behavioral responses of these mites to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. First, we analyzed dose?Cresponse (cumulative irradiance-mortality) curves for the eggs of phytoseiid mites (Neoseiulus californicus, Neoseiulus womersleyi, and Phytoseiulus persimilis) and the spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) to UVB radiation from a UV lamp. This indicated that the phytoseiid mites were more vulnerable than the spider mite, although P. persimilis was slightly more tolerant than the other two phytoseiid mites. Second, we compared the avoidance behavior of adult female N. californicus and two spider mite species (T. urticae, a lower leaf surface user; Panonychus citri, an upper leaf surface user) in response to solar UV and visible light. N. californicus actively avoided both types of radiation, whereas P. citri showed only minimal avoidance behavior. T. urticae actively avoided UV as well as N. californicus but exhibited a slow response to visible light as well as P. citri. Such variation in vulnerability and avoidance behavior accounts for differences in the species adaptations to solar UVB radiation. This may be the primary factor determining habitat use among these mites on host plant leaves, subsequently affecting accessibility by predators and also intraguild competition. 相似文献
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Anna Carratalà Marta Rusiñol Jesús Rodriguez-Manzano Laura Guerrero-Latorre Regina Sommer Rosina Girones 《Food and environmental virology》2013,5(4):203-214
Environmental factors are highly relevant to the global dissemination of viral pathogens. However, the specific contribution of major effectors such as temperature and sunlight on the inactivation of waterborne viruses is not well characterized. In this study, the effect of temperature (7, 20, and 37 °C), UVB and UVA radiation on viral inactivation was evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), mineral water, wastewater, 1,000-fold diluted wastewater and seawater. The stability of human adenoviruses infectivity, known as human pathogens and indicators of fecal contamination, was monitored during 24 h, both in the dark and exposed to UV radiation by immunofluorescence assays. In the dark, no Human adenovirus (HAdV) inactivation was observed in PBS and mineral water at any of the temperatures studied, whereas at 37 °C in reactors with higher microbial concentration (wastewater, diluted wastewater, and seawater), decays between 2.5 and 5 log were recorded. UVB radiation showed a dramatic effect on HAdV inactivation and 6-log were achieved in all reactors by the end of the experiments. The effect of UVA showed to be dependent on the water matrix analyzed. At 20 °C, HAdV showed a 2-log decay in all reactors radiation while at 37 °C, results in wastewater, diluted wastewater, and seawater reactors were equivalent to those observed in the dark. These results suggest UVB radiation as the major environmental factor challenging viral inactivation, followed by biotic activity indirectly associated to higher temperatures and finally, by UVA radiation. 相似文献
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McGraw KJ 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2004,91(3):125-129
Recent studies of colorful plumage signals in birds have been aided by the finding that birds can see ultraviolet (UV) light and thus may communicate using colors invisible to humans. Some of the pioneering and more pivotal work on avian color vision was performed with domestic pigeons (Columba livia), yet surprisingly there have been few detailed reports of the UV-reflecting properties of pigeon feathers. Here, I use UV-VIS fiber-optic spectrometry to document the full-spectrum reflectance characteristics of iridescent purple and green neck plumage in pigeons. Neck feathers that appear purple to the human eye exhibit four reflectance peaks—two in the UV and one in the blue and red regions—and thus exhibit a UV-purple hue. Neck feathers that appear green to the human eye are characterized by five spectral peaks: two in the UV (UVA and UVB), a predominant green peak, and secondary violet and red peaks, conferring a UV-purple-green color. Such elaborate UV coloration suggests that birds may use an even more complex and hidden UV signaling system than previously thought. 相似文献