"环保执法难"的问题与对策

从环保执法体制,环保执法法律,环保执法能力等方面简述了环保执法难的原因.指出应理顺环保执法体制,营造良好的执法制度环境.从环保执法的源头入手,完善环保立法.提高执法人员素质,加强执法技术装备,提高环保执法能力.突破现有的环保执法模式,按照可持续发展的现实需要,构建起政府控制与多种形式相结合的开放式的有效环保执法体制,从...     

谈乡镇环境监理机构的建设

谈乡镇环境监理机构的建设任贵平（山西省临汾地区环境监理所０４１０００）乡镇环境监理派出机构是环保工作为适应市场经济，加强基层环境执法建设而设置的，其工作是具体的、直接的现场执法行政行为，因此，必须加强建设，使其规范、健康地发展。现就临汾地区近几年乡镇...     

基于3G网络平台的环保移动执法系统构建

从当前环保现场执法所面临的手段落后、执法尺度不一等实际问题出发,构建了一套依托于3G无线通信平台的移动执法系统。该系统采用先进的网络通讯技术,借助执法终端PDA手机,可实现在执法现场实时查询环保动、静态信息,录入、打印检查笔录及执法表单等功能,实现环保监察部门统一执法、规范执法流程、提高执法效率的最终目标。     

对环境管理法制化建设的几点思考

对环境管理法制化建设的几点思考ＯｐｉｎｉｏｎｏｆＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＲｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＬａｗ艾莉（南京市环境监理总站南京２１００１８）近年来，强化环境管理的法制化建设，加大环保执法力度被国家和各级地方政府一再提到重要议事...     

试论环境法制建设与环境监理

试论环境法制建设与环境监理艾莉（南京市环境监理站２１００１８）环境监理是我国环境保护走上法制化建设的必然产物。结合中国国情和环保工作的实际状况，同时借鉴工商，税务等部门执法队伍建设的做法，以征收排污费为主，专门从事现场监督检查的环境监理站应运而生并迅...     

乌鲁木齐市第四次环保会议召开

乌鲁木齐市3月二2日隆重召开了第四次环保会议。会议传达了全国及自治区第四次环保会议精神；总结交流了“八五”环保工作经验．明确提出了实施两大举措．改善环境质量．确保“几五”环保目标实现。自治区有关领导吴教夫、买买提明·扎克尔、市人大、政协、各区（县）大专院校、企事业单位、新闻单位负责人共300多名代表参加了会议。自治区环保局局长安惠民到会并宣读了贺信。市环保局局长张志范受市政府的委托间大会做了（抓住机遇。迎接挑战。为实现“九五”环徒目标而奋斗》的工作报告。吴敦夫在讲话中阐述了加强环境保护实施可持续发展…     

环境监测是环境监理的技术基础

环境监测是环境监理的技术基础周佩德（江苏省射阳县环保局２２４３００）环境监理是环境管理的重要组成部分，其核心在“现场”，关键在“经常”。在我国建立社会主义市场经济体制的初始阶段，依法进行环境监理，强化污染源的动态管理，是解决当前环保执法不力的关键所在...     

新疆土壤污染状况调查进入实施阶段

根据《关于开展全国土壤污染状况调查的通知》（环发[2006]116号）和《全国土壤现状调查及污染防治专项工作实施方案》的总体要求,新疆土壤污染状况调查进展顺利。此项工作由新疆环境监测总站承担,14个地、州、市环境监测站和部分县、市环境监测站协助。     

浅谈环保行政执法证据的收集和制作

在环保行政执法中，证据具有重要作用．收集、制作有效的执法证据是环保部门作出具体行政行为的基础，本文作者根据环保行政案件的执法特征，阐述收集、制作证据的方法和要求。     

关于对高锰酸盐指数考核样计算公式的商榷

关于对高锰酸盐指数考核样计算公式的商榷齐春蓉，胡金和（天津市塘沽区环保监测站３００４５０）自１９８９年１１月份以来，我站不止一次地接受市监测中心站ＣＯＤ（Ｍｎ）的考核，同时，由於质控的要求，每月做常规监测的水样也都需要带质控样，这样一来对於每月上报数...     

气相色谱直接进样法测定水中的N-甲基哌嗪-应急监测分析方法

建立了水中N-甲基哌嗪的应急监测分析方法,在3分钟内完成整个分析过程。采用直接进水样的方法,经毛细管柱分离水中的N-甲基哌嗪,用GC/FID测定,以保留时间定性,峰高定量。在浓度范围为8.44～80.32mg/L时,相对标准偏差在1.8％～2.9％之间,标准偏差在0.19～1.5之间。样品的加标回收率可达81％,标准曲线的相关系数为0.9992。检出限为0.08mg/L     

The SITES reserve selection system: A critical review

Numerous models have been put forth to help with the growing demand for the establishment of biodiversity reserves. One site selection model that has been used in several recent studies is SITES [S.J. Andelman, I. Ball, F.W. Davis and D.M. Stoms, SITES V 1.0: an analytical toolbox for designing ecoregional conservation portfolios, Unpublished manual prepared for the nature conservancy, 1999, 1–43. (available at )]. SITES includes two heuristic solvers: based on Greedy and Simulated Annealing. We discuss the formulation of the SITES model, present a new formulation for that problem, and solve a number of test problems optimally using off-the-shelf software. We compared our optimal results with the SITES Simulated Annealing heuristic and found that SITES frequently returns significantly suboptimal solutions. Our results add further support to the argument, started by Underhill [L.G. Underhill, Optimal and suboptimal reserve selection algorithms, Biol. Conserv. 70 (1994) 85–87], continuing through Rodrigues and Gaston [A.S.L. Rodrigues and K.J. Gaston, Optimization in reserve selection procedures – why not?, Biol. Conserv. 107 (2002) 123–129], for greater integration of optimal methods in the reserve design/selection literature.     

宽甸土壤及部分农作物中硼的分布及污染分析

用ICP-MS测定了辽宁宽甸23个土壤样品中的硼。背景地区和污染地区的土壤硼含量分别在 39.2～82.4mg/kg和133～1195mg/kg之间。其中硼矿开采区的土壤硼含量高达1195mg/kg。还用同样的方法分析了背景地区和污染地区几种农作物中硼的含量,结果表明,背景地区的大豆、土豆、玉米和豆角的硼含量(干基)分别为:37.4～47.9、5.8～6.3、24.4～25.5和1.24～2.74mg/kg,而污染地区相应农作物的硼含量分别为:34.0、12.0～12.8、40.7和2.48～2.64mg/kg。     

哈密地区新型建筑材料天然放射性核素含量及居民受照剂量估算

用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中＾２２６Ｒａ、＾２３２Ｔｈ、＾４０Ｋ含量分析测定。结果表明，放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为０．０２－０．２６，０．０３－０．６６。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高，装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为０．０６－０．９６ｍＳｖ．ａ＾－１，明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值１．４３ｍＳｖ     

毛细管柱气相色谱法同时测定水中甲醇、乙醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺

采用HP-PLOT Q毛细管柱,气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器同时测定地表水和废水中甲醇,乙醇,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,方法不受水中苯系物的干扰,在甲醇,乙醇,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分别为7.92~792 mg/L,7.98~798 mg/L和9.45~945 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.999,准确度高,加标回收率均94.2%,精密度好,相对标准偏差均≤5.79%,检出限分别为1.17,1.31和2.05 mg/L。     

Effective monitoring of agriculture

An opinion piece published in Nature proposed a global network for agricultural monitoring [J. Sachs, R. Remans, S. Smukler, L. Winowiecki, S. J. Andelman, K. G. Cassman, D. Castle, R. DeFries, G. Denning, J. Fanzo, L. E. Jackson, R. Leemans, J. Leemans, J. C. Milder, S. Naeem, G. Nziguheba, C. A. Palm, J. P. Reganold, D. D. Richter, S. J. Scherr, J. Sircely, C. Sullivan, T. P. Tomich and P. A. Sanchez, Nature, 2010, 466, 558-560.]. Whilst we agree with Sachs et al. that monitoring of agricultural systems is a critically important activity of global significance, especially given increasing problems with global food security and the potential impacts of agriculture on the environment [J. Cribb, The Coming Famine. The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It, CSIRO Publishing and University of California Press, Melbourne and Oakland, 2010.], we argue in this paper that their generic, mandated monitoring framework has a high probability of failure or at best will be highly inefficient. We base this conclusion on our recently published examination of the factors influencing the success or failure of monitoring programs worldwide [D. B. Lindenmayer and G. E. Likens, Effective Ecological Monitoring, CSIRO Publishing and Earthscan, Melbourne and London, 2010.]. We briefly outline what we believe are three serious flaws in the monitoring framework proposed by Sachs et al. We then suggest an alternative approach that we argue would be more effective, more efficient, and have a greater chance of successfully addressing key issues in sustainable agriculture.     

利用自动采样滤膜监测PM_(2.5)中铅和镉的可行性

根据PM2.5中重金属监测国标分析方法,从PM2.5采样方法、采样保存条件、滤膜材质性能等方面说明利用空气自动采样滤膜监测PM2.5中铅和镉是可行的;对手工采样(石英滤膜)和Beta射线法自动采样(自动采样滤膜)2种方法,对PM2.5实际样品中铅和镉的结果进行比较,结果显示:自动采样滤膜的空白检出和检出限均满足铅和镉的监测需求,铅和镉的回收率分别为95.2%~107%和91.8%~105%,与手工采样方法相比测得铅和镉的相对误差分别为3.6%~8.4%和1.3%~10.8%,从实践角度进一步证明了利用自动采样滤膜对PM2.5中铅和镉进行监测是可行的。     

Monitoring and assessment of airborne Cladosporium Link and Alternaria Nées spores in Sivrihisar (Eskisehir), Turkey

The spores of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp., commonly described as the most allergenic spores, were collected by means of Durham gravimetric sampler from the Sivrihisar (Eskisehir) atmosphere throughout 2005 to 2006. The weekly variations in spores/cm(2) of Cladosporium and Alternaria were recorded. During this period, a total of 6,198 spores belonging to Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. were recorded. Of these spores, 2,969 were identified in 2005 and 3,229 in 2006. While 69.55% of the total spores were those of Cladosporium spp., 30.45% were Alternaria spp. Relationships between airborne fungal spore presence and weather conditions were examined statistically. A Shapiro-Wilk test revealed that the airborne spores of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. had a normal distribution. Following this, Chi-square test, t test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the spore numbers of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. were significant according to the month in which they were collected (p < 0.01). The spore concentrations of each species reached to their highest levels in June 2006.     

地面水中氨,硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐,氯化物,正磷酸盐,总硬度和硅酸盐的同时测定

用AQUA800辨别分析仪同时测定地面水中的氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐,是一种简便、迅速、准确、可靠的测定方法,样品无需预处理,精密度试验其变异系数分别为1．24％、2．18％、2．02％、2．67％、2．35％、3．57％、4．78％,加标回收率分别为103．5％、101．0％、95．0％、99．2％、97．6％、101．5％、98．0％,方法检测限分别为氨0．022mg／L,硝酸盐0．015mp／L,亚硝酸盐0．002tug／L,氯化物0．47mg／L,正磷酸盐0．015mg／L,总硬度17．6mg／L,硅酸盐0．55mg/L,能满足地面水中辨别分析仪同时测定氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐点化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐分析测定的要求。     

Local and regional air pollution in Ireland during an intensive aerosol measurement campaign

An intensive two month measurement campaign has been performed during a two year study of major component composition of urban PM10 and PM2.5 in Ireland (J. Yin, A. G. Allen, R. M. Harrison, S. G. Jennings, E. Wright, M. Fitzpatrick, T. Healy, E. Barry, D. Ceburnis and D. McCusker, Atmos. Res., 2005, 78(3-4), 149-165). Measurements included size-segregated mass, soluble ions, elemental carbon (EC) distributions, fine and coarse fraction organic carbon (OC) and major gases along with standard meteorological measurements. The study revealed that urban emissions in Ireland had mainly a local character and therefore were confined within a limited area of 20-30 km radius, without significantly affecting regional air quality. Gaseous measurements have shown that urban emissions in Ireland had clear, but fairly limited influence on the regional air quality due to favorable mixing conditions at higher wind speeds, in particular from the western sector. Size-segregated mass and chemical measurements revealed a clear demarcation size between accumulation and coarse modes at about 0.8 microm which was constant at all sites. Carbonaceous compounds at the urban site accounted for up to 90% of the particle mass in a size range of 0.066-0.61 microm. Nss SO4(2-) concentrations in PM2.5 were only slightly higher at the urban site compared to the rural or coastal sites, while NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were similar at the urban and coastal sites, but were a factor of 2 to 3 higher than at the rural site. OC was highly variable between the sites and revealed clear seasonal differences. Natural or biogenic OC component accounted for <10% in winter and up to 30% in summer of the PM2.5 OC at urban sites. A contribution of biogenic OC component to PM2.5 OC mass at rural site was dominant.