Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto alunite

The phosphate removal potential of alunite, a low cost and abundantly available material, has been investigated. The effects of calcination temperature and time of alunite, adsorbent particle size, pH and initial phosphate concentration on the phosphate adsorption by the calcined alunite have been studied. Phosphate removal was seen to increase with increasing calcination temperature, decreasing adsorbent particle size and pH. Adsorption of phosphate followed first-order rate kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and correlation coefficients were calculated and compared. It was concluded that the adsorption data of phosphate onto calcined alunite fitted to the Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Specific surface areas of the calcined alunite were calculated at different calcination temperatures and particle sizes.     

盐泥吸附剂对直接染料的平衡吸附行为和热力学性质研究

以染料废水处理用盐泥吸附剂的开发为目的,在静态吸附条件下,研究了含镁盐泥对直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种直接染料的吸附行为,并对吸附过程的热力学进行了分析。结果表明,吸附平衡数据都能够较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但Langmuir方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线。在25～30℃范围内,3种直接染料在盐泥上的吸附是一个吸热过程,同时伴随着熵值的增加,反应的吉布斯自由能变小。吸附是物理和化学吸附并存的吸附过程,主要推动力为化学键力（化学吸附）,同时可能存在范德华力（物理吸附）,吸附焓变在74120～87332 kJ/mol之间。     

In vitro study of oxytetracycline adsorption on activated charcoal

In vitro adsorption experiments simulating pH in gastric environment and using Langmuir isotherm, showed that 408 mg of oxytetracycline was adsorbed per gram of activated charcoal. Langmuir isotherm fitted adsorption data better than a Freundlich isotherm. Freundlich isotherm showed a specific adsorption capacity of 518 mg/g for activated charcoal. Both isotherm parameters indicated a strong oxytetracycline adsorption on activated charcoal in terms of quantity and binding strength. The results demonstrate that the concomitant use of oxytetracyline and activated charcoal should be avoided.     

腐熟污泥对废水中Cd(Ⅱ)与Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

利用腐熟污泥作为一种重金属吸附剂,考察其对水中重金属锌和镉的吸附过程.实验数据的拟合采用了Pseudo-first Order-和Pseudo-second Order 2种动力学模型以及Langmuir和Freundlich 2种吸附等温线模型;拟合结果表明,腐熟污泥对锌与镉的吸附过程符合Pseudo-second ...     

In vitro study of oxytetracycline adsorption on activated charcoal

Abstract

In vitro adsorption experiments simulating pH in gastric environment and using Langmuir isotherm, showed that 408 mg of oxytetracycline was adsorbed per gram of activated charcoal. Langmuir isotherm fitted adsorption data better than a Freundlich isotherm. Freundlich isotherm showed a specific adsorption capacity of 518 mg/g for activated charcoal. Both isotherm parameters indicated a strong oxytetracycline adsorption on activated charcoal in terms of quantity and binding strength. The results demonstrate that the concomitant use of oxytetracyline and activated charcoal should be avoided.     

Preparation and characterization of surfactant-modified hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite and its adsorption behavior toward humic acid and copper(II)

A novel composite material, i.e., surfactant-modified hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite, was used as an adsorbent to remove humic acid (HA) and copper(II) from aqueous solution. Hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite (HZC) and surfactant-modified HZC (SMHZC) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The adsorption of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC was investigated. For comparison purposes, HA adsorption onto HZC was also investigated. SMHZC exhibited much higher HA adsorption capacity than HZC. The HA adsorption capacity for SMHZC decreased slightly with increasing pH from 3 to 8 but decreased significantly with increasing pH from 8 to 12. The copper(II) adsorption capacity for SMHZC increased with increasing pH from 3 to 6.5. The adsorption kinetic data of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC took place in three different stages: fast external surface adsorption, gradual adsorption controlled by both film and intra-particle diffusions, and final equilibrium stage. The equilibrium adsorption data of HA on SMHZC better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich isotherm model. The equilibrium adsorption data of copper(II) on SMHZC could be described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The presence of copper(II) in solution enhanced HA adsorption onto SMHZC. The presence of HA in solution enhanced copper(II) adsorption onto SMHZC. The mechanisms for the adsorption of HA on SMHZC at pH 7 may include electrostatic attraction, organic partitioning, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid–base interaction. The mechanisms for the adsorption of copper(II) on SMHZC at pH 6 may include surface complexation, ion exchange, and dissolution–precipitation. The obtained results indicate that SMHZC can be used as an effective adsorbent to simultaneously remove HA and copper(II) from water.     

Application of zeolite-activated carbon macrocomposite for the adsorption of Acid Orange 7: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, the adsorption behavior of azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solution onto macrocomposite (MC) was investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorbent, MC, which consists of a mixture of zeolite and activated carbon, was found to be effective in removing AO7. The MC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, point of zero charge, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. A series of experiments were performed via batch adsorption technique to examine the effect of the process variables, namely, contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution pH. The dye equilibrium adsorption was investigated, and the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model fits the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. For the kinetic study, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data. The adsorption kinetic was found to be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectral and high performance liquid chromatography analysis were carried out before and after the adsorption process. For the phytotoxicity test, treated AO7 was found to be less toxic. Thus, the study indicated that MC has good potential use as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye from aqueous solution.     

The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon developed from grinded used tire

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from waste tire by KOH chemical activation. The pore properties including the BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and average pore diameter were characterized. BET surface area of the activated carbon was determined as 558 m²/g. The adsorption of uranium ions from the aqueous solution using this activated carbon has been investigated. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage level and equilibrium contact time were studied by a batch method. The optimum pH for adsorption was found to be 3. The removal efficiency has also been determined for the adsorption system as a function of initial concentration. The experimental results were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. A comparison of best-fitting was performed using the coefficient of correlation and the Langmuir isotherm was found to well represent the measured sorption data. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the saturated monolayer sorption capacity of uranium ions onto waste tire activated carbon was 158.73 mg/g. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the Gibbs free energy were determined and results indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Kinetics data were best described by pseudo-second-order model.     

Multi-component sorption isotherms of basic dyes onto peat

The adsorption of basic dyes onto peat from single component and multi-component solution is reported. The adsorption is presented in the form of the equilibrium isotherms. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherm equations are fitted to the results and the isotherm constants obtained.     

淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,通过反相悬浮聚合得到淀粉微球作为吸附载体,研究了pH、吸附时间、温度对其苯酚吸附性能的影响,以及淀粉微球吸附苯酚的热力学和动力学特性,并利用扫描电镜仪、红外光谱仪对淀粉微球的结构进行了表征。结果表明,淀粉微球粒度分布均匀,表面粗糙多孔,具有相当大的孔容积和比表面积,具有较好的吸附性能;在20℃、pH为5.3时,吸附30 min后,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附容量达到饱和,最大吸附量为18.71 mg/g;采用准二级吸附动力学方程能更好地描述淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附行为,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附是以化学吸附为主控步骤的作用过程,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附主要是通过氢键作用来完成的。     

The removal of reactive black 5 from aqueous solutions by cotton seed shell

This study investigated the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) textile dye from aqueous solutions using cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed shell (CSS) as low cost adsorbents. The data were described according to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Of these, the Langmuir model provided the best fit for the experimental data. The highest measured adsorption density was 12.19 mg/g at pH 2. An equilibrium adsorption rate of RB5 by CSS (q(e) = 11.879 mg/g) was observed at 30 minutes. In order to evaluate the adsorption kinetic mechanisms, pseudo first and second order rate kinetic models and an intraparticle diffusion model were applied, with the pseudo second order model providing an excellent fit for the data.     

Modification of Langmuir isotherm in solution systems--definition and utilization of concentration dependent factor

The Langmuir isotherm, originally derived for the adsorption of gas molecules on solid surfaces, was modified to fit the adsorption isotherm of solutes onto solid surfaces in solution systems. The aim of this modification is based on the fact that direct application of the Langmuir isotherm to solution systems often leads to poor data fitting. In the present communication, it is shown that the level of data fitting to the Langmuir isotherm of literature data can be improved by a simple modification introducing a concentration dependent factor, X. The key concept of the modification lies in that the concentration of solute affects both adsorption and desorption stages. As a first approximation, we adopted a single-term polynomial for both processes of adsorption and desorption. Based on reanalysis of literature data of adsorption in solution, we confirmed that indeed the modified Langmuir isotherm more accurately describes the experimental observations. Furthermore, we proposed that the concentration dependent factor could be associated with the surface heterogeneity index that was introduced in a few other modified Langmuir isotherms. Some advantages and limitations of proposed modified Langmuir isotherm are also discussed.     

改性蜂窝煤渣吸附Cr（VI）的动力学和热力学性能

利用碳酸钡对蜂窝煤渣进行改性,通过粉末X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对改性前后蜂窝煤渣的物质组成和形貌进行表征,研究了改性蜂窝煤渣吸附Cr（VI）的动力学和热力学性能。实验结果表明,改性蜂窝煤渣对Cr（VI）具有良好的吸附能力,吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型。分别用Langmuir、Freundlich、D-R和Tempkin等4种吸附等温线模型对实验数据进行拟合,Langmuir方程拟合效果最好,25、35和45℃下的饱和吸附量分别为2．985、2．562和2．630mg／g。D—R和Tempkin模型研究表明,吸附过程属于物理吸附。热力学研究表明,改性蜂窝煤渣对Cr（VI）的吸附是一个自发的、放热过程。     

Adsorption of glyphosate on resin supported by hydrated iron oxide: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Hydrated iron oxide supported on resin (D301) was prepared as a new sorbent for the removal of glyphosate from wastewater. Batch adsorption studies were performed on glyphosate aqueous solutions with different initial glyphosate concentrations and temperatures. Experimental data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the adsorption data were best fit to the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters AG, AH, and AS also were calculated for the adsorption processes. Adsorption rate constants were determined using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations and Kannan-Sundaram intraparticle diffusion models. Adsorption of glyphosate clearly followed the pseudo-second-order model and was controlled by both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion.     

Simultaneous adsorption of Remazol brilliant blue and Disperse orange dyes on red mud and isotherms for the mixed dye system

The paper presents the adsorption of Remazol brilliant blue (RBB) and Disperse orange 25 (DO25) dyes from aqueous solution of the mixture of dyes onto concentrated sulphuric acid-treated red mud (ATRM). First-order derivative spectrophotometric method was developed for the analysis of RBB and DO25 in mixed dye aqueous solution to overcome the limitations arising due to interference in the zero-order spectral method. The optimum conditions to maximize RBB adsorption favoured the adsorption of RBB, and those for DO25 favoured DO25 adsorption from the mixed dye aqueous solutions. Presence of a second dye always inhibited the adsorption of a target dye. The uptake and percentage adsorption of each of the dyes onto ATRM from the aqueous solution of the mixture of dyes decreased considerably with increasing concentrations of the other dye showing the antagonistic effect. Monocomponent Langmuir isotherm fitted the mixed dye adsorption equilibrium data better than the monocomponent Freundlich isotherm. However, monocomponent models are suitable for the fixed concentration of the other dye. Modified Langmuir isotherm model adequately predicted the multi-component adsorption equilibrium data for RBB-DO25-ATRM adsorption system with a good accuracy and is more generic from the application point of view.     

改性甘蔗渣对Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附机理

研究了均苯四甲酸二酐（PMDA）和乙二胺四乙酸二酐（EDTAD）改性甘蔗渣对重金属离子Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附性能,包括吸附动力学和吸附等温线。结果表明,改性后的甘蔗渣对重金属离子Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附容量有显著提高,对Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程,吸附为单分子层吸附。根据Langmuir方程,PMDA和EDTAD改性甘蔗渣对Cu^2＋的吸附量分别为60．21和33．45mg／g,对Zn^2＋的吸附量分别是70．53和36．53mg／g。两种改性甘蔗渣对两种金属离子的吸附在30min内均可完成,用准二级吸附动力学方程模拟动力学过程得到较好的线性相关性。以EDTA溶液为洗脱剂对吸附Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋的改性甘蔗渣进行洗脱再生,再生的吸附剂可反复使用。     

纳米有机膨润土对苯酚的吸附性能研究

通过对天然膨润土改性,制备纳米有机膨润土并用于吸附苯酚,探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、纳米有机膨润土投加量等因素对苯酚吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附在5 min内快速达到平衡,溶液pH可以影响苯酚在溶液中的状态,是影响苯酚吸附性能的重要因素。纳米有机膨润土吸附苯酚的过程可用伪二级反应动力学方程来描述,伪二级吸附速率常数为1.3 g/(mg.min)。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温方程,在25℃时,Langmuir理论最大吸附容量可达到536.32 mg/g,吸附热力学参数表明吸附过程是自发的、放热的物理吸附过程。     

玉米秸秆活性炭的制备及其吸附动力学研究

以玉米秸秆为原材料,采用ZnCl2活化法制备玉米秸秆活性炭,吸附次甲基蓝染料废水,进行动力学分析。本实验用Langmuir和Freundlich模型对吸附等温线进行拟合,结果表明,玉米秸秆活性炭对次甲基蓝的吸附与Langmuir方程拟合良好,R2=0.9857。采用Lagergren准一级速率模型、Lagergren准二级速率模型、Bangham动力学方程和Elovich动力学方程分别对秸秆活性炭吸附次甲基蓝溶液进行吸附动力学拟合,通过分析得出吸附过程与Lagergren准二级速率模型拟合最好,R2=0.9979。秸秆活性炭对次甲基蓝的最大吸附量达到909.09 mg/g,具有很高的吸附能力。     

Colloid transport in unsaturated porous media: the role of water content and ionic strength on particle straining

Packed column and mathematical modeling studies were conducted to explore the influence of water saturation, pore-water ionic strength, and grain size on the transport of latex microspheres (1.1 microm) in porous media. Experiments were carried out under chemically unfavorable conditions for colloid attachment to both solid-water interfaces (SWI) and air-water interfaces (AWI) using negatively charged and hydrophilic colloids and modifying the solution chemistry with a bicarbonate buffer to pH 10. Interaction energy calculations and complementary batch experiments were conducted and demonstrated that partitioning of colloids to the SWI and AWI was insignificant across the range of the ionic strengths considered. The breakthrough curve and final deposition profile were measured in each experiment indicating colloid retention was highly dependent on the suspension ionic strength, water content, and sand grain size. In contrast to conventional filtration theory, most colloids were found deposited close to the column inlet, and hyper-exponential deposition profiles were observed. A mathematical model, accounting for time- and depth-dependent straining, produced a reasonably good fit for both the breakthrough curves and final deposition profiles. Experimental and modeling results suggest that straining--the retention of colloids in low velocity regions of porous media such as grain junctions--was the primary mechanism of colloid retention under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The extent of stagnant regions of flow within the pore structure is enhanced with decreasing water content, leading to a greater amount of retention. Ionic strength also contributes to straining, because the number of colloids that are held in the secondary energy minimum increases with ionic strength. These weakly associated colloids are prone to be translated to stagnation regions formed at grain-grain junctions, the solid-water-air triple point, and dead-end pores and then becoming trapped.     

改性甘蔗渣对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附机理

研究了均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和乙二胺四乙酸二酐(EDTAD)改性甘蔗渣对重金属离子Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附性能,包括吸附动力学和吸附等温线。结果表明,改性后的甘蔗渣对重金属离子Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附容量有显著提高,对Cu2+和Zn2+吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程,吸附为单分子层吸附。根据Langmuir方程,PMDA和EDTAD改性甘蔗渣对Cu2+的吸附量分别为60.21和33.45 mg/g,对Zn2+的吸附量分别是70.53和36.53 mg/g。两种改性甘蔗渣对两种金属离子的吸附在30 min内均可完成,用准二级吸附动力学方程模拟动力学过程得到较好的线性相关性。以EDTA溶液为洗脱剂对吸附Cu2+和Zn2+的改性甘蔗渣进行洗脱再生,再生的吸附剂可反复使用。