冷原子荧光法测定水样中痕量汞的条件

本文讨论了冷原子荧光法测定水样中微量、痕量和超痕量汞的最佳条件，玻璃器皿的洗涤方法、试剂和纯水的质量、以及仪器参数的选择等对测定结果的影响。     

微波消解—氢化物发生原子荧光法测定污泥中的汞

本采用微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定污泥中的汞，研究了微波消解的最佳条件，与同类型的分析方法进行了比较，实验结果表明，本方法简便快速，荧光强度和汞浓度在0～30.0μg/L范围内呈线性关系，检出限为0.12μg/kg，相关系数r=0.9998，回收率介于94.4%～102.4%之间，相对偏差不超过32%。     

原子荧光冷汞法测定地表水中的汞

建立原子荧光冷汞法测定地表水中的汞,通过实验及查阅相关资料对部分实验条件,如仪器的负高压和灯电流、屏蔽气和载气的流量、硼氢化钾和氢氧化钠的浓度、酸及其浓度等进行了优化。在最佳实验条件下汞的检出限为0.019μg/L,相关系数r>0.999,加标回收率为93.7%～106.4%,相对标准偏差0.79%～3.59%。实验结果表明:原子荧光冷汞法测定地表水中的汞具有简便、快速、清洁、高效、安全等优点,灵敏度高、精确度和准确度好、检出限低,是测定地表水中汞含量的有效方法。     

测汞水样的保存

关于含汞水样的保存方法,国外已有大量报导,对容器的类型、容器的洗涤方法、汞的浓度、不同介质的汞溶液及保存剂的类型等影响保存效果的诸因素进行了广泛的研究,并提出了一些可用的保存方法。 本文介绍用0.5％硝酸钾作固体保存剂,效果好,使用方便,可供实际工作中应用。 一、方法 (一)保存方法: 保存试验分标准液和河水两部分进行。 1.标准液:用氯化汞溶于无离子水中配成,每毫升含汞0.05微克,用100毫升玻璃容量瓶盛装,冰箱保存。     

硝酸—硫酸分解地质物料中的辰砂和有机汞化合物冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法测定全汞

本文列举的数据表明,在室温和低于沸水浴的温度下,辰砂(HgS)在HNO_3-H_2SO_4中溶解很慢。然而在沸水浴上,这种酸混合物能迅速分解辰砂。试验显示了温度对反应速度的影响。基于这些试验提出了一个用HNO_3-H_2SO_4(2+3)从含辰砂和有机汞化合物的地质试样(岩石、土壤和沉积物)中提取全汞的分解方法。     

水样中微量汞在贮存过程中的损失

<正> 对环境质量检验来说,汞的检测应从两个方面加以研究,(一)提高方法的选择性和灵敏度;(二)研究稀溶液中汞的行为,这是一个十分重要的课题。金属离子在贮存过程中从水溶液中消失不是一个新现象,早在1941年,亨利·A·斯洛维特(Henry A.Sloviter)等人就发现稀溶液中的汞可被玻璃容器表面吸附。罗伯逊(D.E.Robertson)研究了海水中微量金属在聚乙烯和Pyrex玻璃上的吸附。罗逊(M.Rosain)和沃尔(C.     

防止汞蒸气污染的新方法

汞是一种有毒的液态金属,常温下即能挥发出汞蒸气。目前,许多单位仍采用水封的办法来保存,即在盛汞的容器中装入水,让水将汞包围起来。有的将操作台面呈一定坡度,在坡度的低处放入水,让操作中散落的汞自然流     

汞蒸气净化治理技术应用现状

介绍了汞蒸气净化治理技术应用现状，对以载银活性炭作为吸附材料的吸附－脱附－再生回收法作了重点介绍，对该领域正在开发的膜处理新技术亦作了简介。     

氢化物原子荧光法同时测定海洋沉积物中的痕量 As和Hg

尝试一次消解海洋沉积物样品,用氢化物原子荧光法同时测定As和Hg。试验了KBH4的浓度、共存离子的影响,优化了仪器条件。方法回收率分别为:As为91.9%~105%、Hg为93.0%~109%,As、Hg的线性范围、检出限分别为0~8μg.L-1和0~800 ng.L-1、0.06μg.L-1和2.65 ng.L-1、RSD为4.7%和5.8%。方法具有操作简单、快速、灵敏度高等优点。     

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction for the determination of trace amounts of copper in water samples

A simple and efficient liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) technique was developed using ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction (USAE-SFODME) combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, for the extraction and determination of trace copper in water samples. 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) was used as chelating agent. Microextraction efficiency factors (including extraction solvent type, extraction volume, time, temperature, and pH), the amount of the chelating agent, and salt effect were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, figures of merit of the proposed method were evaluated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 20–600 μg·L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.76 μg·L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) for ten replicate measurements of 20 and 400 μg·L⁻¹ of copper was 3.83% and 2.65%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was applied to tap water, river water, and sea water, and accuracy was assessed through the analysis of certified reference water or recovery experiments.     

水中痕量亚硝酸盐氮的反相流动注射-光度测定

建立了测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐氮的N－（1－萘基）乙二胺－反相流动注射－分光光度法．特N－（1－萘基）乙二胺二盐酸盐溶液注入到水样和对氨基苯磷酰胺溶液的混合流，在λmax540nm处对反应形成的红色染料进行分光光度检测．线性范围为0．004～0．18mg／L亚硝酸盐氮，检测限为0．0012mg／L，测定频率为50次／h．本法灵敏度高、选择性好、分析速度快．应用本法测定南京玄武湖湖水中痕量亚硝酸盐氮，测定结果的相对标准偏差为3．5％与N－（1－萘基）乙二胺分光光度法（国标法）测定结果相比较的平均相对误差为－4．2％，表明本法测定结果具有满意的精密度和准确度．     

A screen-printed, amperometric biosensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples

An amperometric biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. The extent of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deactivation was determined and quantified for pesticide concentrations in water samples. An enzyme immobilization adsorption procedure and polyacrylamide gel matrix polymerization were used for fabrication of the biosensor, with minimal losses in enzyme activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme catalytic reaction on the SPEs surfaces were acetylthiocholine chloride (ATChCl) concentration of 5 mmol/L, pH 7 and reaction time of 4 min. The detection limits for three organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos, monocrotophs and parathion) were in the range of 4 to 7 g/L when an AChE amount of 0.1 U was used for immobilization.     

Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol concentration had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10-6-9.65×10-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%.     

交联壳聚糖富集分离火焰原子吸收法测定环境样品中微量锰

提出了交联壳聚糖 (CCTS)分离富集火焰原子吸收法测定环境样品中微量锰的新方法。研究了富集的最佳条件及洗脱方法 ;考察了共存元素的影响。方法的检出限为 2 .6μg/L ,RSD为 2 .9% ,用于牡蛎和人发标样中微量锰的测定 ,结果满意。     

AFS断续流动氢化物原子荧光光度计测定饮用水中汞

介绍断续流动氢化物原子荧光光度计测定饮用水中汞的方法,研究了酸度,硼氢化钾浓度,灯电流,载气流速等对测定汞的影响.在优化的分析条件下,检测限为0.02ug/L,方法应用于水样中汞的测定,样品加标回收率在96.2％-102％之间,相对标准偏差为2.3％.方法具有操作简便,快速,灵敏度高等优点.     

单扫描极谱法同时测定环境水样中微量硝酸根和亚硝酸根

在浓硫酸介质中 ,8-羟基喹啉与硝酸根的硝化产物在 p H9.0左右的 NH3-NH4Cl的缓冲溶液中 ,于 -0 .6 3V处产生灵敏的导数波 ,波高与硝酸根浓度在 0 .0 1～ 2 .5μg· m l- 1 范围呈线性关系 ,检测限为 0 .0 0 4μg· ml- 1 。测定相对标准偏差小于 2 .7% ,样品加标回收率为 96 .0 %～ 10 4.2 % ,亚硝酸根经 H2 O2 氧化处理亦可进行测定。本法可用于地表水、雨水中微量硝酸根、亚硝酸根的同时测定     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.     

Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon

A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.