共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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两性聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其絮凝性能 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
开发了一种对非离子聚丙烯酰胺进行改性制备两性聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)絮凝剂的新方法。以硅藻土悬浮液为絮凝对象,考察了改性反应中影响APAM絮凝效果的因素。结果表明,采用无水乙酸与三甲胺、环氧氯丙烷合成季胺盐型阳离子剂的方法优于采用盐酸的方法;在10mL质量分数为10%、相对分子质量为3×106的非离子型聚丙烯酰胺水溶液中加入8mL浓度为2.6mol/L的阳离子剂,同时控制V(NaOH)∶V(NaClO)为0.44,改性得到的APAM絮凝性能最佳,在pH3~9的较宽范围内对硅藻土悬浮液有较好的絮凝效果。在pH为3、APAM加入量为1.8mg/L时,硅藻土悬浮液的絮凝率可达100%。 相似文献
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以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,K2S2O8-NaHSO3为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(DMC-AM),将表面处理后的纳米TiO2与P(DMC-AM)复配,得到P(DMC-AM)-TiO2复配絮凝剂.考察了原料配比、反应条件对P(DMC-AM)黏度的影响,结果表明:在m(DMC):m(AM)=0.18、引发剂加入量为0.5%(质量分数,下同)、聚合反应时间3 h、聚合溶液pH=4.0条件下,P(DMC-AM)絮凝剂的特性黏度最佳;纳米TiO2加入量为5%时,复配絮凝剂对酸性黑10B染料模拟废水的脱色性能最好. 相似文献
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自催化法合成聚天冬氨酸 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以马来酸酐和乙酸铵为原料,在微波条件下用自催化法合成了聚天冬氨酸(PASP)。通过正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:n(乙酸铵):n(马来酸酐)=1.2,微波功率为1200W,反应时间为10min。在最佳合成条件下,PASP的收率为91.6%,PASP的黏均相对分子质量约为1.5×10^4。经红外光谱表征和核磁共振氢谱测试结果表明,PASP的各种主要官能团表现明显。当Ca^2+质量浓度为250mg/L、PASP加入量为3mg/L时,PASP的阻垢率达到95%,表明PASP具有较好的阻垢性能。 相似文献
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含氟改性聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝性能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(PFMA)为疏水单体,与丙烯酰胺(AM)、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DMDAAC)通过自由基胶束共聚法制得含氟改性聚丙烯酰胺(FPAD)絮凝剂。最佳聚合反应工艺条件:PFMA质量分数为0.3%,引发剂质量分数为0.3%,DMDAAC质量分数为15%,共聚反应温度为50℃。用FPAD处理初始透光率为20%、初始COD为282mg/L的废水,当FPAD加入量为15mg/L、絮凝体系pH为6时,废水透光率最高,可达98.7%;pH为6~9时,废水透光率和COD去除率均较高。 相似文献
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阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
研究了丙烯酰胺(AM)与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲皋氯化铵共聚反应制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的工艺。实验结果表明,最佳聚合条件:pH6.0、(NH4)2S2O8和CH3NaO3S·2H2O总质量分数0.0125%、(NH4):S2O8与CH3NaO3S·2H2O质量比1.0、偶氮类化合物质量分数0.0125%、单体质量分数(AM和阳离子单体总质量占整个反应体系的质量分数)35%、阳离子度(阳离子单体占AM和阳离子单体之和的质量分数)30%、反应温度25℃。在最佳条件下,所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的特性黏数为13.8535dl/g,在其加入量为0.027%的条件下处理污泥,上层清液透光率达99.6%,污泥脱水率达90.5%。并用红外光谱对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的结构进行了表征。 相似文献
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聚硅酸硫酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
以粉煤灰为原料制备了无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸硫酸氯化铝铁(PSiAFCS),用PSiAFCS处理以硅藻土为原料配制的模拟废水.实验结果表明,在n(Al3+):n(SO4-2)=11、PSiAFCS加入量为2.5mg/L、废水pH为6.0~11.0,温度为60℃、静置时间为20 min、废水初始浊度为50.00~500.00 NTU的范围内,PSiAFCS的絮凝效果良好,浊度去除率大于96%.PSiAFCS对赣江水的浊度去除效果优于聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSiAFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC).PSiAFCS加入量为2.5 mg/L时,水样的剩余浊度最低,为0.52 NTU,浊度去除率达98.27%,达到GB5749-2006<生活饮用水卫生标准>中浊度小于1.00 NTU的要求. 相似文献
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以硅酸钠、硫酸铝、氯化铁、海藻酸钠(SA)为原料制备了聚硅酸铝铁-海藻酸钠(PSAFe-SA)絮凝剂,并采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、TGA技术进行了表征,分析了影响PSAFe-SA絮凝沉降效果的主要因素,并考察了该絮凝剂对松花江水样的处理效果。实验结果表明:在制备聚硅酸的pH为3.0、n(Al+Fe)∶n(Si)为1.0、n(Al)∶n(Fe)为4.0、m(SA)∶m(Si)为0.04的条件下,所制备的PSAFe-SA絮凝剂性能最好;在水样pH为6.0、PSAFe-SA投加量为28 mg/L、沉降时间为20 min的最佳絮凝条件下,松花江水样的浊度去除率为94.50%。 相似文献
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Genwen Zhou J. L. Willett Craig J. Carriere Y. Victor Wu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2000,8(3):145-150
The effect of starch granule size on the viscosity of starch-filled poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) composites was characterized using size-fractionated potato starch, as well as unfractionated starches (rice, corn, wheat, and potato). Potato starch was separated using an air classifier into four particle size fractions: <18 m, 18-24 m, 24-30 m, and >30 m. The starch was dried to a moisture content of 0.5% to minimize moisture effects on composite rheology. PHEE and potato starch were extruded with starch volume fractions of 0.46 and 0.66. Stress relaxation, frequency and strain sweep, and temperature-dependence measurements were carried out. Although small variations in viscosity were seen with the different potato starch fractions, differences were not significant at a volume fraction of 0.46. Viscosity differences between the different particle size fractions were more pronounced at a volume fraction of 0.66. The temperature dependence could be described by an Arrhenius relation, with an apparent activation energy of 84 kJ/mole. At a volume fraction of 0.46, the starch/PHEE viscosities increased in the order potato starch < wheat starch corn starch < rice starch. 相似文献
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A Literature Review of Poly(Lactic Acid) 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
Donald Garlotta 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2001,9(2):63-84
A literature review is presented regarding the synthesis, and physicochemical, chemical, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA). Poly(lactic acid) exists as a polymeric helix, with an orthorhombic unit cell. The tensile properties of PLA can vary widely, depending on whether or not it is annealed or oriented or what its degree of crystallinity is. Also discussed are the effects of processing on PLA. Crystallization and crystallization kinetics of PLA are also investigated. Solution and melt rheology of PLA is also discussed. Four different power-law equations and 14 different Mark–Houwink equations are presented for PLA. Nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy of PLA are briefly discussed. Finally, research conducted on starch–PLA composites is introduced. 相似文献
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以Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4为原料,采用水热法合成了可见光催化剂Bi2WO6,并采用X射线衍射仪和BET法对其进行了表征。考察了合成温度、Bi2WO6加入量、邻氯苯酚(2-CP)浓度、溶液pH等对2-CP光催化降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:在加入140℃下合成的Bi2WO6催化剂1g/L、原始pH(pH=5.85)、可见光光照210min的条件下,对质量浓度为20mg/L的2-CP溶液进行处理,2-CP去除率最高为97.2%;添加少量H2O2对2-CP的降解有促进作用。 相似文献
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Microwave-Assisted Solvent-Free or Aqueous-Based Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Microwave radiation was used as the energy source for various types of chemical derivatizations of polysaccharides and for the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters in solvent-free or aqueous-based reaction systems. A medium to high degree of substitution was obtained for starch acetates, starch succinates, carboxymethyl konjac, aminated starch, and aminated chitosan. Ring-opening polymerization of lactide and -caprolactone proceeded rapidly even at low power output in the presence of tin octanoate catalyst. Complete monomer conversion and high molecular weight were achieved in less than 6 minutes under nonisothermal conditions. The yield rapidly increased with increasing power output and showed no significant change in a wide range of batch sizes. Polycaprolactone was successfully grafted from starch and konjac acetate in 3 minutes, yielding as high as 24% grafting efficiency and 25% grafting degree. 相似文献
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环保型脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
介绍了聚乙烯醇(PVA)、三聚氰胺在脲醛树脂胶粘剂合成过程中所起的改性作用,研究了反应温度、反应体系pH、甲醛与尿素摩尔比、PVA和三聚氰胺用量对脲醛树脂胶粘剂性能的影响。试验结果表明,在反应温度为80℃、反应体系pH为5.0、甲醛与尿素摩尔比为1.5、PVA和三聚氰胺用量分别为尿素与甲醛溶液总质量的1.0%和5%的条件下,合成的脲醛树脂胶粘剂的剪切强度为2.99MPa,游离甲醛的质量分数由传统工艺生产产品的0.6%~0.8%降低至0.063%,耐沸水时间为108min,且贮存稳定性好,达到了HJBZ-1998国家环境标志产品技术要求。 相似文献
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二氧化钛纳米材料的合成及其在环保领域的应用研究进展 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
综述了近年来纳米TiO2光催化剂在制备方法、表面改性、光催化氧化机理及应用方面的研究进展,提出了半导体催化剂的研究发展的方向。 相似文献