共查询到11条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
王泽人;张磊;于沛文;李泫;王卿鑫;汪仙凤;孙欣萌;朱新志;赵瑜 《环境科学学报》2023,43(9):298-310
本研究通过污染源测试获取了典型专用型树脂生产企业各生产环节的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放化学成分谱特征;基于下风向受体点采样分析,结合AERMOD模型和企业排放成分谱,充分利用目标企业各化学物种排放强度之间的关联性,建立了一套基于特征物种的VOCs排放源强受体反演技术;最后将反演结果与企业实测结果进行了对比.结果表明:芳香烃是该树脂生产企业的主要排放物种,其次为烷烃和含氧VOCs;模型反演过程中,烷烃和芳香烃因其在排放源成分谱中贡献占比较高以及无组织排放潜在贡献较高,拟合效果优于其他VOCs类别;对于本研究的目标企业,采用实测法可能造成企业臭氧生成潜势的低估.本研究对点源、面源相结合的复杂VOCs污染源的源强估算方法进行了探索,开发了基于特征物种的源强反演技术,有效识别修正由于企业特殊生产状况所造成的排放强度偏差,避免了进厂实测困难、次数受限等所导致的源强测量结果的不确定性,反映了目标企业在一段时间内的平均排放源强,并将无组织排放考虑在内,反演结果较为准确,一定程度解决了传统排放因子法和实测法在无组织排放估算方面存在的忽视、低估的问题. 相似文献
2.
Among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar PCB congeners have di erent levelsof toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although PCB congeners usuallyhave high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. This study showed that 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB153,nonplanar congener) and 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB169, coplanar congener) caused apoptosis on the isolated crucian carp(Carassius auratus) lymphocytes and the induced cytotoxicity was structure-dependent. According to the laser confocal microscopeobservations, apoptosis was clearly distinguished by condensation of nucleus, shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies. DNAfragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. These typical morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate theoccurrence of apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. According to the flow cytometry analysis, after the cells were exposed to 10 mol/LPCBs for 3 h, the apoptotic percentage induced by PCB153 was 23.41%, while that induced by PCB169 was even higher (31.03%).Furthermore, incubating PCBs with fish lymphocytes enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA),clearly indicating the presence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our data also demonstrate that the di erent cytotoxic e ectsinduced by coplanar and nonplanar PCBs were correlated with their structural characteristics and the coplanar congener was morecytotoxic than nonplanar congener. This study suggests that cytotoxicity mechanisms of the PCB congeners on fish lymphocytesdepend on their planarity and chemical structures. 相似文献
3.
几种重金属对皱纹盘鲍血细活性氧产生的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
体外条件下利用化学发光法定量地研究了不同种类和不同浓度的重金属:Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb、C和Zn对皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬时活性氧产生的影响。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的重金属浸泡急性处理皱纹盘鲍血细胞都不同程度地抑制了血细胞吞噬时的化学发光,表明重金属能够抑制皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬活动中的活性氧(ROS)的产生,而且这种抑制作用随着重金属浓度的增加而加强。不同的重金属抑制强度不同,从强到弱以次为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn。研究表明六种重金属中,Hg对皱纹盘鲍血细胞的免疫毒性最大。 相似文献
4.
病原微生物所引发的传染性疾病严重威胁人类健康和生命。传统抗菌技术通常需要外加光、热等能量,如紫外线、光催化、微波等,实际应用受限。常温催化作为一种新型抗菌技术,能够在常温条件下发生催化氧化反应,产生强氧化性的活性氧物种而起杀菌作用。因此,常温催化技术在抗菌领域具有应用优势,综述其抗菌研究现状对于系统性认知常温催化抗菌具有指导意义。本文阐述了常温催化抗菌材料及其活性氧物种产生过程,介绍了常温催化抗菌性能的评价方法,讨论了常温催化抗菌的作用机制,重点分析了常温催化抗菌性能的影响因素。此外,基于国内外常温催化的抗菌研究现状,指出了常温催化抗菌研究存在的问题及未来发展趋势。 相似文献
5.
亚磷酸盐(HPO32-,H2PO3-,+3价)是磷生物地球化学循环中的还原态形式,其在水环境中的光氧化过程可能是亚磷酸盐转化的重要途径之一.以300W汞灯为光源,研究了环境浓度(1μmol/L)的亚磷酸盐在NO3-溶液中的光氧化过程,探讨了NO3-浓度、溶液pH值、环境中普遍存在的离子(Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-、Fe3+、Mn2+)及腐殖酸对亚磷酸盐光氧化过程的影响.结果表明,亚磷酸盐在NO3-溶液中的光氧化反应符合准一级动力学规律,当NO3-浓度由0增至120μmol/L时,其速率常数由0.020h-1增至0.271h-1;酸性溶液(pH = 4)有利于亚磷酸盐在硝酸根溶液中的光氧化,水环境中SO42-及Cl-对光氧化过程存在弱抑制,而HCO3-对光氧化过程产生较强的抑制作用.Fe3+促进了亚磷酸盐在NO3-溶液中光氧化过程,而Mn2+则是抑制作用.腐殖酸的加入对亚磷酸盐光氧化过程存在抑制作用.活性氧猝灭剂(异丙醇,叠氮化钠)的加入大大抑制了亚磷酸盐的光氧化过程,表明亚磷酸盐光氧化过程中,活性氧的产生对其光氧化起到关键作用.模拟太湖水样中亚磷酸盐的减少量与正磷酸盐的增加量一致,证明亚磷酸盐光氧化产物是正磷酸盐. 相似文献
6.
ZHAN Manjun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(3)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s). 相似文献
7.
以昆明小鼠为受试动物,随机分为6组,包括1个阴性对照组、3个氯氰菊酯染毒组、1个维生素E组和1个高剂量氯氰菊酯加维生素E组,染毒组按10,20,40mg/kg 3个剂量水平,维生素E的剂量为100mg/kg,灌胃染毒小鼠7d.以脑组织匀浆测定活性氧(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;以脑组织细胞测定DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)系数.随着氯氰菊酯染毒剂量的升高,脑组织的ROS、MDA含量和DPC系数逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低,各指标呈一定的剂量-效应关系.染毒剂量320mg/kg时,ROS含量(841.3±100.34)、GSH含量[(12.54±1.316)nmol/L]和DPC系数(0.054±0.004)有显著差异(P<0.05);染毒剂量340mg/kg时,GSH含量[(10.51±1.545)nmol/L]有显著差异(P<0.05),ROS含量(1014.3±81.67)、MDA含量[(2.849±0.218)μmol/L]和DPC系数(0.079±0.005)有极显著差异(P<0.01).高剂量染毒加维生素E组与高剂量染毒组相比较,脑组织的ROS、MDA含量和DPC系数均有下降,GSH含量上升.脑组织的ROS(719.5±74.56)、GSH[(16.52±1.985)nmol/L]和DPC系数(0.055±0.005)有显著差异(P<0.05),MDA含量[(1.662±0.265)μmol/L]有极显著差异(P<0.01).较高剂量(320mg/kg)的氯氰菊酯能造成小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤,维生素E有抗氧化作用. 相似文献
8.
大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)通过产生活性氧(ROS)对健康造成不利影响.酸性、中性和高极性水溶性有机物(WSOM)是有机气溶胶中产生ROS的重要成分.采集西安市区2019年冬季PM2.5样品,深入探究不同极性水平WSOM组分的污染特征和健康风险.结果表明,西安市PM2.5中ρ(WSOM)为(4.62±1.89)μg·m-3,类腐殖质物质(HULIS)是WSOM的重要组成部分(78.81%±10.50%),霾天HULIS的占比更高.三类不同极性WSOM的碳浓度水平在霾天和非霾天大小分别为:中性HULIS(HULIS-n)>酸性HULIS(HULIS-a)>高极性有机物(HP-WSOM)和HULIS-n>HP-WSOM>HULIS-a.采用DCFH(2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素)法测量其氧化潜势(OP),发现霾天和非霾天单位质量OP(OPm)的规律均为HP-WSOM>HULIS-a>HULIS-n,单位空气体积OP(OPv)特征... 相似文献
9.
研究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)暴露对小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤和对小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响.24只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别暴露于0,50,250,1250mg/kg的BBP,经口灌胃染毒14d.染毒期间同时进行Morris水迷宫实验,以检测小鼠的学习与记忆能力的改变.实验进行第15d,处死实验动物,取出脑、肝、肾组织,检测ROS水平及MDA和GSH含量.实验结果显示,1250mg/kg浓度BBP染毒组小鼠的学习和记忆能力与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05);随着BBP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠脑、肝、肾组织中的ROS水平、MDA含量逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低;且在1250mg/kg浓度时与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05).BBP的暴露可以影响小鼠学习与记忆能力,并对其脑、肝、肾组织产生氧化损伤. 相似文献
10.
为揭示邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)对短裸甲藻(Gymnodinium breve)的抑制机制,采用荧光探针法和比色法研究了DBP对短裸甲藻活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、羟自由基.OH和过氧化氢H2O2含量以及超氧阴离子自由基O.2-产生速率的影响,同时观察了电子传递链抑制剂对DBP诱导ROS能力的影响.结果表明DBP诱导了短裸甲藻ROS的积累.随浓度的增大,DBP促进了.OH、H2O2的积累,如3 mg.L-1的DBP处理组,培养至48 h时.OH出现一个极大峰值33U.mL-1,约为对照组的2.4倍;H2 O2含量培养至72 h出现最大值,约为250 nmol.(107 cells)-1,约为对照组的5倍;但是DBP对O.2-产生速率的影响并没有显示出规律性.电子传递链选择性抑制实验表明DBP可能影响了藻细胞线粒体和细胞膜2个位点上电子传递,使.OH、H2O2含量和O.2-产生速率受到了不同的影响,最终诱导了短裸甲藻总ROS的积累.可见,DBP导致ROS的过量积累是其抑制藻细胞生长的主要机制.本研究结果对揭示化感物质抑制藻类的机制提供了科学依据. 相似文献
11.
Priya Katiyar Bhumika Yadu Jyoti Korram Manmohan L. Satnami Meetul Kumar S. Keshavkant 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):18-27
Arsenic(As)-toxicity is recognized as one of the major environmental problems,affecting productivity of crops worldwide,thereby threatening sustainable agriculture and food security.Progression in nanotechnology and its impacts have brought up concerns about the application of engineered nanoparticles(NPs) in various sectors of the economy,including the field of agronomy.Among various NPs,there has been a rising amount of interest regarding the effects of titanium NPs(TiNPs) on plants growth and development,and their fate of abiotic stress tolerance.Hence,the present study was aimed to assess the ameliorative potentialities of chemically and biologically/green synthesized TiNPs to alleviate As-induced toxic responses in Vigna radiata L.The results revealed that exposure to As hindered the growth indices(radicle length and biomass) and membrane integrity,while were improved with the application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs.In addition,treatment of As provoked the accretion of reactive oxygen species(superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and malondialdehyde(a lipid per oxidized product),but were diminished by the supplementation of chemical and green manufactured TiNPs.The experimental data also signified that exogenous application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs conferred tolerance to As-induced oxidative injuries via perking-up the expressions of antioxidant genes and enzyme systems viz;superoxide dismutase and catalase.Therefore,the present study inferred that chemically and green synthesized TiNPs,particularly green manufactured,effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of As by augmenting antioxidant machinery,thereby proving its potentiality in the alleviation of As-toxicity,at least in Vignaradiata L. 相似文献