共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Ludvig Levasseur Abbie J. Shipp Yitzhak Fried Denise M. Rousseau Philip G. Zimbardo 《组织行为杂志》2020,41(3):235-243
2.
Despite the demonstrated importance of time perspective on key outcomes, its growing popularity, and its wide reach in terms of samples and disciplines, the construct has been plagued with definitional and measurement problems since its inception. Given the historical and current confusion regarding both conceptualization and operationalization, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of methodological and measurement issues related to time perspective. Clearly, definitional and measurement clarity are critical for the success of future research. Through integrating the fragmented and eclectic time perspective literature fraught with ambiguity, we help to clarify measurement options and their psychometric evidence for future researchers. Specifically, we provide an in-depth comparison of four (and their offshoots) commonly used, scale-based measures of time perspective with respect to their dimensional content, psychometric properties, and validation evidence. We end with recommendations for time perspective research. 相似文献
3.
This study seeks to advance our understanding of the leadership consequences that may ensue when supervisors and their teams have similar versus differing orientations toward the past. Integrating a leader–team fit perspective with functional leadership theory, we cast incongruence between supervisor and team past temporal focus as a key antecedent of supervisors' active (i.e., task-oriented and relationship-oriented) and passive (i.e., laissez-faire) leadership behaviors toward the team. We tested our hypotheses in a team-level study that included a field sample of 84 supervisors and their teams using polynomial regression and response surface analyses. Results illustrated that supervisors demonstrated more task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership when supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus were incongruent rather than aligned. Furthermore, in situations of supervisor–team congruence, supervisors engaged in less task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership and more laissez-faire leadership with higher (rather than lower) levels of supervisor and team past temporal focus. In sum, these findings support a complex (mis)fit model such that supervisors' attention to the past may hinder their productive leadership behaviors in some team contexts but not in others. Hence, this research advances a novel, multiple-stakeholder perspective on the role of both supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus for important leadership behaviors. 相似文献
4.
Organizational justice is an important determinant of workplace attitudes, decisions, and behaviors. However, understanding workplace fairness requires not only examining what happens but also when it happens, in terms of justice events, perceptions, and reactions. We organize and discuss findings from 194 justice articles with temporal aspects, selected from over a thousand empirical justice articles. By examining temporal aspects, our findings enrich and sometimes challenge the answers to three key questions in the organizational justice literature relating to (i) when individuals pay attention to fairness, including specific facets, (ii) how fairness judgments form and evolve, and (iii) how reactions to perceived (in)justice unfold. Our review identifies promising avenues for empirical work and emphasizes the importance of developing temporal theories of justice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Although researchers have highlighted the importance of diversity beliefs (i.e., team members' perceived value of diversity) for the elaboration of information in teams, little attention has been paid to whether and how diversity beliefs can be shaped. Drawing on theory and research on team diversity beliefs, we propose that diversity beliefs are more effectively influenced by interventions using a promotion (compared with a prevention) focus toward diversity and personal testimonial (compared with factual) knowledge. Results from an experiment conducted with 175 teams revealed that both a promotion focus and personal testimonial knowledge independently contributed to more positive diversity beliefs and consequently increased team elaboration of task-relevant information as well as integration of different perspectives. Our results reveal key factors that can influence diversity beliefs and underscore the pivotal role of diversity beliefs in improving the extent to which team members elaborate information and integrate diverse perspectives. 相似文献
6.
核电厂主控室进行数字化变革后,操纵员执行状态评估任务的方式发生了巨大变化.为了有效地识别及评估数字化对状态评估的潜在影响,以知觉/循环、资源限制等认知理论为基础,以贝叶斯概率网络为工具,建立状态评估可靠度的影响因素模型.定性分析这些因素对状态评估任务的影响机制,并定量比较它们的影响程度.分析结果表明,界面管理任务和任务负荷变迁,对状态评估的影响最为显著.需采取针对性的措施,优先处理这些人因问题,以最大限度地提高数字化核电厂的安全水平. 相似文献
7.
空中交通管制员的情境意识与航空安全 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大部分空管不安全事件与空中交通管制员情境意识下降有关,研究管制员情境意识,预防管制员工作中情境意识下降对于预防空管不安全事件具有十分重要的意义。笔者讨论了空中交通管制员情境意识的意义、常见的管制员情境意识问题、管制员情境意识下降的原因以及提高和维持管制员情境意识的方法四个重要的管制员情境意识问题。笔者特别提出,采取积极的措施预防注意力分散、提高专业技术水平、主动管理工作负荷、管理班组资源是空中交通管制员在工作中获得和维持良好情境意识的途径。 相似文献
8.
为全面掌控北京冬奥会运行情况,结合冬奥会概况构建具有全局全过程态势感知能力与指挥体系的运行保障系统.系统阐述冬奥会指挥体系构建的出发点、特点和要求,分析冬奥会态势感知构建基础框架,包括所需数据类型、层级体系和态势汇总共享技术要求.研究表明:体系充分考虑冬奥会及城市运行特点,是冬奥会顺利举办的重要保障,可为冬奥会提供系统... 相似文献
9.
围绕班组长领导方式和矿工安全行为的内涵,通过文献分析与因子分析,剖析出班组长领导主要包含领导魅力、鼓励性激励、智力激发、个性化关怀、权变性奖励、积极例外管理和消极例外管理七种方式,矿工安全行为主要包含安全遵守与参与一种方式。以班组长七种领导方式为外在潜变量,矿工安全行为一种方式为内在潜变量,基于调整焦点理论下构建班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响效用模型。运用SPASS17.0和AMOS7.0软件,探析班组长各领导方式对矿工安全行为的作用路径及其影响,从而为煤矿安全管理提出新思路。 相似文献
10.
为建立“物理-社会-信息”三元空间安全态势感知(SSA)理论,从而进一步丰富安全态势感知理论体系,开展面向三元空间的SSA路径研究。立足理论层面,分析面向三元空间的SSA的内涵,在此基础上,构建和解析面向三元空间的SSA路径模型。结果表明:面向三元空间的SSA是将从三元空间获取的安全信息转化上升为三元空间安全态势情报的一套理论、方法与技术。面向三元空间的SSA需统筹4大方面,即基于三元空间安全“六流”的SSA、基于三元空间安全事件链的SSA、基于三元空间交互界面的SSA和基于三元空间安全信息融合的SSA。 相似文献
11.
Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well‐being and career‐related behavior cannot sufficiently be explained by social exchange and reciprocity theories, yet the alternative mechanisms underlying these associations are currently not well understood. Based on the psychological contract perspective on careers, the goal of this study was to examine indirect effects of psychological contract breach on emotional engagement, emotional exhaustion, and career‐related behavior through two dimensions of occupational future time perspective (i.e., focus on opportunities and focus on limitations). Data came from 405 employees in Australia, who responded to three surveys across 12 months. Results showed that psychological contract breach had indirect effects on emotional engagement and exhaustion through focus on opportunities and focus on limitations, respectively, and on career‐related behavior through focus on opportunities. Another mechanism, psychological contract violation, was only related to employees' organizational deviance. These findings highlight the important role of occupational future time perspective dimensions as employees' evaluations of future career‐related opportunities and limitations. These evaluations may change in response to psychological contract breach and, in turn, might impact on employee well‐being and career‐related behavior. 相似文献
12.
为全面辨识系统风险并准确评估系统安全状况,从3元空间(信息-物理-社会)融合视角出发,界定安全态势感知概念并解读其内涵,提出安全态势感知概念模型和理论模型,并解析安全态势数据采集层、觉察层、理解层、投射层和预警层的具体内涵和功能。研究结果表明:3元空间融合视阈下的安全态势感知,能够通过物联网和互联网同步采集安全态势数据,在现有安全态势感知(安全态势信息输入、处理、输出)基础上,实现对人、机、物及其相互关系的整体感知,有效应对当前复杂多变的安全态势,为安全态势感知体系优化提供理论指导。 相似文献
13.
为提升管制员的应急处置能力,从管制员的个人能力、管制任务特点和管制设备3个方面构建管制员情境意识(SA)可靠性模型;利用塔台管制模拟软件和SA全面评价技术(SAGAT)测量管制员在应急情境下的SA水平;基于贝叶斯网络(BN)对SA可靠性进行定量分析,进而预测管制员的SA水平,并基于贝叶斯推理分析影响管制员SA可靠性的关键因素。研究结果表明:应急情境下,管制员SA可靠性和SA水平显著正相关,可通过管制员的SA可靠性预测SA水平;通过BN推理分析发现,对管制员的SA可靠性影响程度和敏感程度较高的因素为调配飞机可用时间、管制设备的精准度和管制员的记忆力;对管制员SA可靠性影响最大的致因链为调配飞机可用时间→任务特点→SA可靠性。 相似文献
14.
As inequality in wealth and income continues to grow, it is important to consider the implications of financial disparities for worker motivation and behavior. While workers with socioeconomic disadvantages have a decreased chance of career success and upward social mobility, the potential mechanisms linking financial status to work motivation outcomes are not fully known. Drawing on theory on resource scarcity, we address this issue and propose that financial inadequacy shapes the extent to which workers consider and plan for the future, with consequences for goal-striving strategies throughout adulthood. Latent change analyses of data from a heterogeneous sample of 4,446 working adults largely supported the hypotheses. Results showed that a high level of financial inadequacy predicted increases in short-term time horizon and decreases in future-oriented planning, which then predicted disadvantageous changes in goal-striving strategies over an 18-year period. Short-term time horizon also predicted subsequent increases in financial inadequacy. By highlighting the motivational challenges associated with inadequate finances that accompany low-wage employment, our study offers evidence for the motivational mechanisms that may reinforce economic inequality and social mobility in the workforce. 相似文献
15.
Despite the rapid growth of organizational research on subjective time, the extant literature is fragmented due to a lack of conceptual clarification and integration of temporal constructs. To address this fragmentation, we synthesize temporal research from both organizational behavior and adjacent disciplines (i.e., strategy, entrepreneurship, and organizational theory) and introduce a framework that allocates temporal constructs according to their basic conceptual nature (trait–state) and level of analysis (individual–collective). We employed the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count text analysis to determine the trait–state property of the constructs and a coding method to determine their level of analysis. This framework categorizes four generic types of subjective time: individual temporal disposition, individual temporal state, collective temporal state, and collective temporal disposition. We clarify the conceptualizations of the temporal constructs belonging to each of the four archetypes of subjective time and review their key findings in the organizational literature. Based on this integrative framework, we identify critical knowledge gaps in the current state of research and chart a future agenda with specific suggestions. 相似文献
16.
为了研究"清剿火患"行动对安徽省火灾形势的抑制作用,采用ARIMA干预模型与火灾数据对比的方法对2007—2012年安徽省火灾统计数据进行了分析。2种ARIMA干预模型都能检测到"清剿火患"行动对季节调整后火灾起数时间序列的抑制效果。根据干预模型,抑制效果在"清剿火患"行动开展后第3个月时出现,火灾立即减少约300起,随后抑制效果逐渐衰减。在"清剿火患"行动开展14个月后,抑制效果几乎衰减为0。通过对比"清剿火患"期间与2009-10—2010-02、2010-10—2011-02的火灾统计数据,发现"清剿火患"行动期间的火灾起数较前两年同期的火灾起数大幅度降低,平均降幅达64%。在此基础上又分析了不同火灾原因、火灾场所和火灾起数的降低情况。对比发现,"清剿火患"期间火灾死亡人数与死亡人数不低于3人的火灾起数均降低为0。 相似文献
17.
Despite the commonly held belief that a protean career orientation (PCO) enables employees to achieve more balance in their lives, little is known about the relationship between PCO and work–life balance. Using two waves of data collection separated by 2.5 years, this study examined the relationship between PCO and work–life balance among a sample of 367 college‐educated employees in the United States. Analysis was conducted to empirically distinguish PCO from conceptually related constructs, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the process that explains the linkage between PCO and balance. We found that PCO was positively related to work–life balance. We also found support for the role of several resources (social capital, psychological capital, and perceived employability) that explain the relationship between PCO and balance. In particular, PCO was associated with extensive career planning activities that were related to the accumulation of three forms of career capital—human capital, social capital, and psychological capital. In turn, social capital and psychological capital were associated with high employability, which was related to greater work–life balance for individuals who take a whole‐life perspective on their careers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and provide suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
通过\"灾害学\"视角认识和理解生态安全,针对隐患因素对安全状态的影响,探讨了生态安全演变的隐患触发传递与响应控制机理,并从系统动力学的视角论述生态安全是反馈的动力系统和非线性的动态系统特征.研究表明,生态安全因素分析必须包含隐患因素分析;安全评价要素范围必须扩展.生态安全系统由隐患触发传递系统和响应控制管理系统组成,且两系统之间以及子系统各要素之间相互影响、相互联系,是隐患因素不断触发、传递、响应和控制的复合高阶演变过程,具有非线性灾变性、自组织及被组织性和有序与无序的动态性. 相似文献
19.
为了分析煤矿工人的情境意识要素间的因果关系结构,建立更具鲁棒性的情境意识驱动模型,提出了一种基于DEMATEL和ISM法耦合的矿工情境意识驱动模型构建方法。首先,在构建情境意识概念模型的基础上从组织、个人和环境3个维度辨识矿工情境意识驱动要素;然后,运用熵值法计算矿工情境意识驱动要素的权重,并借助DEMATEL和ISM方法确定情境意识驱动要素间的因果作用关系,进而构建矿工情境意识驱动模型。结果表明,班组安全氛围是矿工情境意识的根本影响因素;生理心理状况、工作记忆、作业能力和作业经验是直接影响因素;组织制度、人岗匹配性、作业环境、培训组织、作业规程和作业负荷设计是间接影响因素。 相似文献
20.
生态承载力是区域可持续发展的重要衡量标准,研究港口生态承载力状况并预测其演变趋势有利于港口生态可持续发展。针对现有港口生态承载力研究中生态过程机制、时间动态性考虑不足等问题,引入系统动力学理论,结合港口生态系统的特点,从社会经济、资源、环境3个方面进行因果反馈分析,在此基础上构建港口生态承载力的系统动力学模型。从港口生态供需关系的角度出发,引入生态承载力供需平衡指数,对港口生态承载力状况进行评价。以大连某港区为例,以GDP增长率、环保投资比重、单位吞吐量综合能耗、单位吞吐量水资源消耗量、单位吞吐量COD产生量、单位吞吐量SO_2产生量、单位吞吐量固废产生量作为调控变量,动态仿真自然发展模式、经济快速增长模式、协调发展模式和资源环境保护模式4种港口发展模式下2015—2030年港口生态承载力演变趋势。结果表明:能源消耗是制约该港区生态承载力改善的重要瓶颈,优化港口用能结构、加强港口能源管理有助于改善港口生态承载力;经济资源环境协调发展模式是实现港口生态系统可持续发展的最优模式。 相似文献