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Effects of uncertainty, transmission type, driver age and gender on brake reaction and movement time
PROBLEM: Braking time (BT) is a critical component in safe driving, and various approaches have been applied to minimize it. This study analyzed the components of BT in order to assess the effects of age, gender, vehicle transmission type, and event uncertainty, on its two primary components, perception-reaction time and brake-movement time. METHOD: Perception-reaction time and brake-movement time were measured at the onset of lights for 72 subjects in a simulator. The six experimental conditions were three levels of uncertainty conditions (none, some, and some + false alarms) and two types of transmission (manual and automatic). The 72 subjects, half male and half female, were further divided into three age groups (mean of 23, 30, and 62 years). Each subject had 10 trials in each of the three levels of uncertainty conditions. RESULTS: Transmission type did not significantly affect either perception-reaction time or brake-movement time. Perception-reaction time increased significantly from 0.32 to 0.42 s (P < .05) as uncertainty increased but brake-movement time did not change. Perception-reaction time increased (from 0.35 to 0.43 s) with age but brake-movement time did not change with age. Gender did not affect perception-reaction time but did affect brake-movement time (males 0.19 s vs. females 0.16 s). IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: At 90 km/h, a car travels 0.25 m in 0.01 s. Consequently, even such small effects multiplied by millions of vehicle-kilometers can contribute to significant savings in lives and damages. 相似文献
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变光焊接护目镜光电响应特性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为促进变光焊接护目镜新技术新产品的应用和发展 ,为制定该产品专业标准提供依据 ,通过对焊接弧光特性、可见光特性、焊工盲目引弧过程、焊工闪光盲、变光护目镜响应时间和保持时间等的分析和研究 ,提出了变光焊接护目镜响应时间和保持时间应该根据焊工引弧时眼睛最大允许照射量和允许闪光盲时间来确定 ,并进一步提出了变光焊接护目镜响应时间和保持时间的定义、指标值 ,以及测试系统设计要求 相似文献
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We spend a substantial part of our daily life waiting, and unfortunately, wait time can fuel aggressive tendencies. Our study examines the relationship between wait time, perceived wait time, and aggressive tendencies from a construal level perspective. In Study 1, we found that the higher the construal level, the stronger the relationship between actual and perceived wait time and the stronger relationship between perceived wait time and aggressive tendencies. In Study 2, we manipulated construal level and found that power explains the moderating impact of construal on the wait—aggressive tendencies relationships. Results demonstrate the role of construal in explaining both perceived wait time and aggressive responses to long wait times, suggesting that mental construal influences both the psychological experience of time and the subsequent reaction to that experience. Overall, these results contribute to research on subjective time perspective by enhancing the knowledge and understanding of the determinants and effects of perceived wait time. 相似文献
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Despite the demonstrated importance of time perspective on key outcomes, its growing popularity, and its wide reach in terms of samples and disciplines, the construct has been plagued with definitional and measurement problems since its inception. Given the historical and current confusion regarding both conceptualization and operationalization, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of methodological and measurement issues related to time perspective. Clearly, definitional and measurement clarity are critical for the success of future research. Through integrating the fragmented and eclectic time perspective literature fraught with ambiguity, we help to clarify measurement options and their psychometric evidence for future researchers. Specifically, we provide an in-depth comparison of four (and their offshoots) commonly used, scale-based measures of time perspective with respect to their dimensional content, psychometric properties, and validation evidence. We end with recommendations for time perspective research. 相似文献
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消防站责任区划分的优化和仿真方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析消防站的责任区划分,提出划分优化问题的数学规划模型,以最小化平均反应时间为优化目标,建立基于历史数据的期望反应时间和期望服务时间的计算方法。用Arena软件开发了评价消防系统绩效(主要是反应时间)的仿真模型,比较实施新的责任区划分策略前后的差异。仿真分析验证了优化结果,表明消防系统的性能在新的划分策略实施后得到明显改善。 相似文献
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结合IC与EGSB的特点,同时根据厌氧处理理论,设计了新型双循环厌氧反应器,用于处理高浓度含有毒物质工业废水,并以Li Cl作为示踪剂,对该反应器不同水力停留时间(HRT)下的水力特性进行了研究。结果表明,在无循环时,各HRT下双循环厌氧反应器的C-θ曲线为不对称的单峰曲线。HRT为6,9,12 h时,反应器的死区比例分别为0.165,0.155,0.146。反应器呈推流流态,且随着HRT的增加,推流作用逐渐加强而完全混合作用逐渐减弱。当存在双循环时,在HRT为6,9,12 h的条件下,反应器第一反应区的σ2分别为0.249,0.179,0.113,第二反应区的σ2分别为0.135,0.112,0.106。双循环增大了反应器的返混程度,且与第一反应区相比,第二反应区更趋于推流式。 相似文献
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Logistic回归模型在尘肺发病预测与控制中的应用研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
目的 :探讨 L ogistic回归模型在尘肺发病预测与控制中的应用。方法 :采用多元Logistic回归统计方法建立粉尘作业工人的接尘工龄 (ET)、工龄平均浓度 (AEC)、粉尘毒性 (T)三因素与尘肺发病概率的回归模型。结果 :尘肺发病预测与控制的回归模型为 :P=1/ { 1+ exp[- (- 5.4 70 7+ 0 .0 94 7ET+ 0 .0 0 2 4 AEC+ 1.9784 T) ]} ,接尘工龄等三因素对尘肺发病影响的比数比分别为 :1.0 994 (ET)、1.0 0 2 4 (AEC)和 7.2 310 (T)。结论 :所建立尘肺发病预测与控制的回归模型与所研究人群的符合率较高 ,对今后预防尘肺发生的科学化管理与决策有较好的实用性和应用价值。 相似文献
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为准确快速估算室内人员疏散时间,基于传统Togawa模型,提出1种基于出口处人员流动速率的室内人员疏散时间快速预测模型,并利用Pathfinder软件模拟某房间人员疏散过程,对比快速预测模型与传统Togawa经验公式计算结果.结果表明:快速预测模型计算量少,可获得更多更精确人员疏散信息.研究结果可为室内人员疏散提供理论... 相似文献
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陶龙扣 《中国安全科学学报》1994,4(3):28-30
为调查电子行业工人的体力劳动强度,对北京电子行业系统9个工厂的20个工种岗位的193名工人进行了调查测定,结果表明,体力劳动强度Ⅰ级的工种占85%;Ⅱ级的占15%。 相似文献
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通过对不同标准的变光焊接眼护具响应时间定义分析,提出各标准定义及计算值的区别,以利于帮助消费者进行产品选择和企业对产品设计的改进。 相似文献
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焊接防护对作业者的职业健康安全及产品质量至关重要,自动焊接防护产品随技术进步开始得到广泛应用,关键器件为自动变光焊接滤光片,衡量其防护性能的关键技术指标为响应时间。本文对自动变光焊接滤光片的防护原理,关键技术指标——响应时间,影响响应时间的因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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用溶解氧控制SBR池反应时间的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
SBR法能灵活地根据所处理废水浓度的不断变化,改变其反应时间,深圳下坪渗滤液处理厂试运行进行了以DO作为SBR法反应时间控制参数的研究,结果表明:污泥浓度在2.5-3g/L。进水COD在0.8-1.1g/L时,进行曝气都会在反应开始后几小时内出现所谓“平衡DO”现象,随着硝化进程的结束,CO浓度迅速地大幅度升高,用DO作为SBR反应器在线控制是可靠的。 相似文献
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尾矿坝浸润线数据挖掘预测模型的样本选取研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文分别应用时间序列功能模型和回归模型,在原始数据的基础上建立样本,并运用支持向量回归机算法对样本进行训练,得出了尾矿坝浸润线埋深预测模型并进行了实例应用。研究证明,运用时间序列模型选取训练样本能够得出更为精确的预测结果。 相似文献