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1.
Achieving sustainability by introducing alternative livelihoods 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The millennium ecosystem assessment report on global assessment of desertification has highlighted its worldwide impacts on
the environment—increasing dust storms, floods and global warming—as well as on societies and economies. It links sustainable
management of resources, and inter alia well-being of dryland populations, to reducing societal pressures on dryland ecosystems
through adoption of alternative livelihoods. This paper, in combination with a companion paper by Safriel and Adeel, presents
the conceptual underpinnings of this approach as well as examples of how innovative approaches for creating livelihoods can
help reduce the pressure on marginal drylands. Three case studies presented are based on activities undertaken within a joint
international project called sustainable management of marginal drylands. First, introduction of chicken farming to farmers
in Hunshundake Sandland in northern China has reduced the pressure on grasslands and led to a major recovery of these ecosystems.
Second, development of desert-based aquaculture, with accompanied longer-term storage of water, on the margins of the Cholistan
desert in Pakistan has provided a new source of income for the villagers. Third, development of a new income-generating activity
based on soap production from olive oil in Dana Biosphere Reserve in Jordan has demonstrated that traditional olive farming
can be linked to community-based innovation to create a new, high-demand market for goods. Working with communities to develop
new, sustainable livelihoods that reduce pressure on marginal drylands can thus be used as powerful tool for overcoming and
reversing desertification. 相似文献
2.
Fabio Orecchini 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(2):245-252
Human society consumes resources that it is not able to reproduce. Human activities are still based on “open cycles,” starting
from a condition of natural environmental balance and reaching an environmental imbalance. The challenging scope of scientific
and technological research towards sustainability appears clear if it is based on this analysis: to find development systems
based on “closed cycles” of resources. The challenging objective of realizing closed cycles leads to a definition of sustainability
that indicates the path to sustainable development, as well as stating the general principle. It also provides a key to the
qualitative measurement of sustainability. This means that the sustainability level of a system can be measured by measuring
its capacity to avoid the consumption of resources. Zero consumption is a necessary condition for sustainability, and brings
about as a side effect the highly desired “zero-waste” result. Materials entering the proposed endless scheme pass through
the process of usefulness without losing their capacity to feed the system again after being used. Thus, the concept of “consumption”
itself is replaced by one of “use” when resources are inserted into closed loops capable of feeding human development. The
application of the closed cycle sustainability criterion particularly displays its feasibility, and a theoretical guiding
role, in the energy sector. Energy vectors such as hydrogen and electricity enable the closure of the energy resources loop
by effectively approaching the objective of “zero consumption” (and the side result of “zero waste”) through already demonstrated
technological solutions. 相似文献
3.
D. J. Merrey P. Drechsel F. W. T. Penning de Vries H. Sally 《Regional Environmental Change》2005,5(4):197-204
This paper examines the weaknesses in the current understanding of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) from the perspective of livelihoods. Empowering poor people, reducing poverty, improving livelihoods, and promoting economic growth ought to be the basic objectives of IWRM. But as currently understood and used, IWRM often tends to focus on second-generation issues such as cost recovery, reallocation of water to higher value uses, and environmental conservation. This paper argues that IWRM needs to be placed in the broader context of both modern Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) and the livelihoods approach, which together take a holistic and people-centered approach. The paper concludes with an alternative definition of IWRM as involving the promotion of human welfare, especially the reduction of poverty, encouragement of better livelihoods and balanced economic growth through effective democratic development and management of water and other natural resources in an integrated multilevel framework that is as equitable, sustainable, and transparent as possible, and conserves vital ecosystems. Transparent user-friendly information and models for assisting decision making are essential features of livelihood-oriented IWRM. 相似文献
4.
Z. J. U. Malley M. Taeb T. Matsumoto H. Takeya 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(3):349-372
In Africa, the land and water resources quality are key factors for sustainable development. The degradation of the quality
of these resources leads to scarcities and conflicts, which together threaten the sustainability of rural livelihoods. This
work investigated and analysed the livelihoods conflicts over the land and water resources and their scarcities, policies
that contributed to the land and water scarcities and the livelihood conflicts and linkage of the conflicts to the resources
scarcities and degradation. Implications of degradation of the resources, development policies and livelihoods conflicts on
sustainable development are discussed. Literature study, visits and discussions, participatory assessments, observations and
questionnaire survey were used tools to collect data. Interviews of the 266 households revealed that, those experiencing the
land and water scarcities and conflicts over these resources are significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those not experiencing the scarcities and conflicts. Crop-livestock competition, over the land and water
resources causes prominent conflicts. A significant, (p < 0.05) associations of livelihoods conflicts to water shortage and period of water shortage for crop and livestock production
were found. Improved accessibility to soil and water management technologies, wildlife–livestock co-existence, recognition
of needs and land rights for pastoralists are recommended to minimize scarcities and herders versus farmers’ conflicts. 相似文献
5.
Paolo Bazzoffi 《Regional Environmental Change》2009,9(3):169-179
Council Regulations (EC) No 1257/1999 and the EU Soil Thematic Strategy give great importance to soil and land conservation
to develop knowledge driven governance for rural development. In the hilly areas of Italy cultivated intensively, and especially
in the ones devoted to viticulture, agricultural practices determine high loss of soil with consequent degradation of the
soil resource. In addition to it, offsite effects of soil erosion can be unsustainable, due to sediment transfer to the channel
network and infrastructures. In order to achieve a sustainable rural development there is a need for tools and instruments
to allow European regional administrations, to develop, implement, manage and monitor rural development plans. To counteract
the environmental threats intensified by agricultural activity, the environmental functions “soil erosion control” and “water
runoff control” were investigated in the Chianti area by using GIS. To determine the EMR (Environmental Minimum Requirements)
values for soil erosion the “regeneration” capability of soils was considered, and the value of estimated soil loss was compared
with the value of soil reformation. A scenario analysis was also performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the agroenvironmental
measure “grass cover” in reducing erosion. The concept of tolerable erosion based on soil productivity and soil reformation
rate only is reductive and off-site effects of soil erosion should be also taken into account. For this reason, it was proposed
to extend the concept of hydrogeological risk to soil erosion by implementing the notion of soil erosion tolerance (T) with the new concept of environmental risk of soil erosion (ERSE). The new ERSE index takes into account all the in- and
off-farm externalities of soil erosion. For this reason, it can be considered an aggregated environmental indicator that enables
policy makers to evaluate the impacts of soil erosion by following an holistic approach. 相似文献
6.
Forestry is a productive sector with significant effects on meeting national socio-economic and environmental functions as
well as the improvement of rural livelihoods. Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in particular have been widely advocated by
conservation and development organisations as potential alternative livelihood strategies, particularly among vulnerable forest
dependant households. Like in most tropical countries, NWFPs are relevant in the sustainable development of Kenya that is
particularly endowed with important forest resources. Kenya hosts about 17 million ha of forested land (about 3.51% of the
total Sub-Saharan Africa forest cover by 2000), of which about 16,865,000 ha is under natural forest (EarthTrends: Forests,
grasslands and drylands, 2003). Outside the gazetted forests, there are other large tracks of forests in trust lands, including
national parks and reserves, hill forest reserves and privately owned lands covering about 0.5 million ha (Kenya’s forest
resource assessment in the EC-FAO Partnership Programme Report, 2000; The Kenya Forests Act, 2005). Woodlands, bushlands and
wooded grasslands, mainly found in the arid and semi-arid lands cover 37.6 million ha, while forest plantations (started in
1946) cover about 170,000 ha of land (The Kenya forestry master plan, 1994–2020, 1994). In most NWFPs endowed regions of the
country however, this socio-economic and environmental potential is still unrealized. We illustrate the latter by a case study
of NWFPs use and management in four villages in Mbooni Division of Makueni District, Kenya. The division was chosen because
of its relatively high NWFPs availability, particularly from South Mbooni forest that is located at a distance less than 5 km
for an estimated 80% of the interviewed households. Data used for the analysis was collected through a fieldwork survey carried
out on women (35+ years) in August, 2005. One hundred and sixty (160) NWFPs are harvested (from plant and animal species)
and used mainly for food, income generation (supplemental) and medicinal purposes. A number of challenges limit women’s enjoyment
of the full benefits from NWFPs exploitation, the overriding problem being their inadequacy (in quantity and/or quality).
In this paper we discuss these commonly utilized and managed NWFPs plant species in Mbooni and their potential contribution
to improved livelihoods and sustainable development in Mbooni, Kenya and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in general. 相似文献
7.
Kan-ichiro Matsumura Rover J. Hijmans Yann Chemin Christopher D. Elvidge Kenji Sugimoto Wenbin Wu Yang-won Lee Ryosuke Shibasaki 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(2):301-313
Rice plays a major role in the global supply and demand for sustainable food production. The constraints of maintaining sustainable
rice production are closely linked to the relationship between the distribution patterns of human activity on the planet and
economic growth. Global patterns of rice production can be mapped by using various criteria linked to domestic income, population
patterns, and associated satellite brightness data of rice-producing regions. Prosperous regions have more electric lighting,
and there are documented correlations between gross domestic product (GDP) and nighttime light. We chose to examine global
rice production patterns on a geographical basis. For the purposes of this study, each country is considered to be made up
of regions, and rice production is discussed in terms of regional distribution. A region is delineated by its administrative
boundaries; the number of regions where rice is produced is about 13,839. We used gridded spatial population distribution
data overlain by nocturnal light imagery derived from satellite imagery. The resultant relationship revealed a correlation
between regional income (nominal values of GDP were used) and rice production in the world. The following criteria were used
to examine the supply and demand structure of rice. Global rice consumption = “caloric rice consumption per capita per day”
multiplied by “regional population values”. Regional rice yields = “country-based production” divided by “harvested area”
(multiple harvests are taken into account). Regional rice production = “regional harvested areas” multiplied by “rice yield
values”. We compared regional rice consumption and production values according to these methods. Analysis of the data sets
generated a map of rice supply and demand. Inter-regional shipping costs were not accounted for. This map can contribute to
the understanding of food security issues in rice-producing regions and to estimating potential population values in such
regions. 相似文献
8.
Renato A. M. Silvano John Valbo-Jørgensen 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(5):657-675
Studies investigating the local ecological knowledge (LEK) held by fishermen about the fishing resources have indicated that
fishermen’s LEK may have the potential to improve fishery management, by providing new information about the ecology, behavior
and abundance trends of fish and other aquatic animals. Our major aim is to undertake a brief review of published ethnoichthyological
studies with a focus on coastal Brazilian fisheries and freshwater fisheries in both Brazil and Southeast Asia. Based on such
review, we provide 29 hypotheses on fish ecology based on fishermen’s LEK and compare them with what is already known from
the biological literature, using an arbitrary ‘likelihood’ measure: “Low likelihood” corresponded to unexpected hypotheses,
which contradict existing biological data. “Medium likelihood” corresponded to hypotheses that could not be compared to available
scientific knowledge. Hypotheses that agree with scientific data were considered as “High likelihood”. We therefore discuss
these three categories of hypotheses about several distinct topics, such as migration, reproduction, feeding habits, abundance
patterns, ecological relationships between fish and their predators, and fishing pressure. Our results may contribute to the
fisheries management and research in the studied regions and other similar places, besides raising the interest of biologists
to properly include fishermen’s LEK when planning and conducting fisheries surveys.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
9.
我国荒漠化基本特点及加快荒漠化地区发展的意义 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
我国是世界上受荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一,荒漠化面积大、分布广、程度重、扩展快,危害深。虽然荒漠化治理取得了一定成就,但只是局部地区得到了治理,荒漠化整体上仍在扩展,这些严重制约了荒漠化地区乃至我国人口、资源与环境的协调发展。荒漠化地区在我国国民经济、社会发展和环境保护等方面具有举足轻重的地位,防治荒漠化对于缩小东西部差距、消除贫困、促进荒漠化地区以及整个中国经济的腾飞具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
Keffing Sissoko Herman van Keulen Jan Verhagen Vera Tekken Antonella Battaglini 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(1):119-125
The West African Sahel is a harsh environment stressed by a fast-growing population and increasing pressure on the scarce natural resources. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the majority of the people living in the area. Increases in temperature and/or modifications in rainfall quantities and distribution will substantially impact on the natural resource on which agriculture depends. The vulnerability of livelihoods based on agriculture is increased and most likely exacerbate and accelerate the current ‘downward spiral’ of underdevelopment, poverty and environmental degradation. Notably, droughts, a short rainy season and/or very low rainfall will be felt by current systems. To cope with the difficult climatic situation, farm households have developed a range of strategies including selling of animals and on-farm diversification or specialization. At regional level, early warning systems including an operational agro-meteorological information system already provide farmers with crucial information. Substantial political, institutional and financial efforts at national and international level are indispensable for the sustenance of millions of lives. In terms of development, priority needs to be given to adaptation and implementation of comprehensive programs on water management and irrigation, desertification control, development of alternative sources of energy and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers. 相似文献
11.
Defining climate-change victims 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article introduces the concept of “climate-change victims” and classifies categories of threats and groups of people
who would be vulnerable to and victimized by human-induced climate change. (The full, correct wording is “human-induced climate-change
victims”, but we will use just “climate-change victims” in the rest of the article.) It offers a definition with three levels
of climate-change victimization and differentiates “climate-change victims” from “natural-disasters victims” and from “climate-change
migrants”. The article sets an agenda for a new type of victimhood and could lead to further research on possible prevention,
accountability measures, environmental tribunals, and compensation mechanisms to recompense climate-change victims. 相似文献
12.
Population growth and environmental degradation are closely linked. Increasing population has in many rural areas of Tanzania
contributed to changes in land use/cover patterns, land fragmentation and livelihood insecurity. Increasing demand for food,
energy and other environmental services has contributed to expansion of agriculture, including marginal areas, and deforestation
often leading to environmental degradation. Increased reliance on natural resources for rural livelihoods, subsistence nature
of the agricultural sector and limited economic opportunities in rural areas are among the factors leading to rural–rural
and rural–urban migrations searching for better livelihood opportunities. The high urban demand for food and biomass energy
from rural areas has also contributed to rural deforestation and overall environmental degradation. This paper addresses the
linkages between population and environmental degradation in Tanzania. It argues that effective implementation of development
and resources management policies can lead to environmental sustainability even with growing populations. It provides evidence
from successful land management interventions such as HADO, HASHI and SECAP, which support the argument that with effective
implementation of resource management initiatives even larger populations can be supported by the available resources. Such
successful interventions ought to be emulated elsewhere with similar environmental problems. 相似文献
13.
开发西北沙区拓展生存空间 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国是世界上受荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一,荒漠化面积大、分布广、程度重、扩展快,危害深。而面对我国土地总量少、质量差、后备资源短缺、人地矛盾突出的形势,开发沙区巳成为扩展我国生存空间的必然选择,这对于缩小东西部差距,消除贫困、促进荒漠化地区以及整个中国经济的腾飞具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
The developing countries i.e., the non-Annex-I countries (parties to the Kyoto Protocol but not responsible to any reduction
target yet) in the Kyoto Protocol whose economies are in transition are also allowed to reduce GHG emissions. Among these,
the countries that have accepted the Kyoto Protocol may be benefited from CDM projects to promote sustainable development.
The developed countries i.e., the Annex-I countries (that have signed the Kyoto Protocol & are responsible to have specific
GHG emission reduction target) or the investing countries, in return, have privilege to purchase CER credits (in units equivalent
to one tonne of CO2 gas emission reduction) to meet the emission target as specified in the Kyoto Protocol. The key step in understanding about
CDM is to grasp the concept of “baseline” and “additionality”. The “Baseline” is the emissions level that would have existed if a CDM project had not happened. The feature of an approved CDM project
is that the planned reductions would not occur without the additional incentive provided by emission reduction credits; this
concept is known as “Additionality”. According to environmental additionality concept, baseline emission minus project emission is equal to emissions reduction.
“Investment Additionality,” ultimately rejected during negotiation of the “Marrakech Accords” and “Financial Additionality,” are the two important concepts. The concept of trading of CER matches to the idea of Pigovian tax (equal to the negative externality and which is considered one of the “traditional” means of bringing a modicum of market
forces) in Economics, making pollution more costly to the polluter, as the polluters have negative cost since they save money
by polluting; hence, there are supposed negative externalities associated with the market activity. Economic theory predicts
that in an economy where the cost of reaching mutual agreement between parties is high and where pollution is diffuse, Pigovian
tax will be an efficient way to promote the public interest and will lead to an improvement of the quality of life measured
by the Genuine Progress Indicator and other human economic indicators, as well as higher gross domestic product growth. We
can seek a level of pollution such that the marginal savings (MS) to one polluting unit from pollution (−MC) is equal to marginal
damage (MD) from pollution over the entire population, since pollution is a public bad i.e., MS (x*) = ∑MDi (x*) where ∑Di (x) is the total damage. Though the responsibility of reduction in emission does not lie on the non-Annex-I countries, still
effort of maintaining global emission balance can be expected equally from developed and developing countries. The responsibilities
of Kyoto Protocol are (a) to reduce global GHG emissions, (b) to bring about sustainable development in the developing countries
lie on above two groups since its effect on February 16, 2005. Different polluters have different costs of pollution control.
The least costly way of controlling pollution from various sources that reflects different costs of pollution control making
the set of environmental regulations to achieve the emission target at the lowest cost makes the regulation cost-effective.
Though efficiency is not attainable for many regulations, cost-effectiveness is attainable. 相似文献
15.
Jacqueline Geoghegan Deborah Lawrence Laura C. Schneider Katherine Tully 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(3):247-260
To assess the impact of land-use change on carbon stocks, we apply a new methodology, linking ecological and economic modeling,
to southern Yucatan, Mexico. A spatial econometric multinomial logit model of ten land-cover classes is estimated (four primary
forest categories, three secondary growth categories, an invasive species, and two agricultural land-cover categories), using
satellite data on land cover, linked with census socioeconomic data and other biophysical spatial data from 2000. The analysis
is novel in that it is the first attempt to link detailed satellite data on land use, with on-the-ground estimates of carbon
stocks in a spatial econometric model of land use. The estimated multinomial logit model is then used with two scenarios of
future economic growth (“low growth” and “high growth” changes in population, agricultural land use, market access, and education
levels) in the region to predict land-cover changes resulting from the economic growth. The per hectare carbon (C) stocks
in each land-cover class are derived from previously published estimates of biomass from field sampling across the study region.
We consider aboveground-only, aboveground plus soil, transient and non-transient pools of carbon. These estimates are scaled
up to the total area in each class according to the predictions of the model baseline and the two development scenarios. Subsequently,
the changes in carbon stocks resulting from the predicted land-cover changes are calculated. Under the low growth scenario,
carbon stocks declined by 5%; under the high growth scenario, losses were 12%. Including soil C, the proportional losses were
lower, but the absolute amount lost was more than double (to 6 Tg C under the low and almost 15 Tg C under the high-growth
scenario). This methodology could be further developed for applications in global change policy, such as payments for environmental
services (PES) or reduction in emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD). 相似文献
16.
M. L. Cocks L. Bangay K. F. Wiersum A. P. Dold 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(4):519-533
There is a growing wealth of data capturing the direct-use values of the environment and recognition of forests and wild resources as representing “the poor manȁ9s overcoat”. This focus has however resulted in an emphasis on the utilitarian values of wild resources for rural livelihoods and has for the most part overlooked their cultural values. In tangent to these developments within the field of anthropology there has been increased attention directed towards the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity over the past decade. This has resulted in the recognition of what the Declaration of Belem calls an ȁ8inextricable linkȁ9 between biological and cultural diversity. The term bio-cultural diversity has been introduced as a concept denoting this link. Consequently there is a need for more elaborate assessments of the various ways in which different groups of people find value in biodiversity. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the cultural significance of wild harvested plant resources for the maintenance of two gender specific cultural artefacts for amaXhosa people in South Africa, to assess the persistence of these practices in rapidly modernizing communities. We demonstrate the endurance of these ancient cultural artefacts in present-day peri-urban communities and suggest that they point to the need for improved understanding of the significance of bio-cultural diversity. The findings of the study should not be interpreted as illustrating stagnation in the traditional past, but rather as pointing at the need for improved understanding of the significance of bio-cultural diversity in a dynamic sense. 相似文献
17.
This study has indicated that there is close relationship between development density and environmental quality; therefore,
it is necessary to decide the form of development carefully beforehand. The form of development is shaped either by new development
or urban renewal which is a major tactic nowadays adopted by the Hong Kong Government to improve the living condition of the
citizens and the quality of the built environment. This study is limited to urban renewal and aims to find out the major urban
design considerations for sustaining the environment. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions
of architects, planners, property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated, and critical design
factors for enhancing environmental sustainability of urban renewal projects are highlighted. The results derived from factor
analysis indicated that certain design considerations should be incorporated for sustaining the urban environment. “Land Use
Planning”, “Quality of Life”, “Conservation & Preservation”, “Integrated Design”, “Provision of Welfare Facilities”, and “Conservation
of Existing Properties” were believed to be the significant underlying factors for achieving environmental sustainability
of local urban renewal projects.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
18.
Z. J. U. Malley M. Taeb T. Matsumoto 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):175-195
Sustainable agricultural development is a necessity for sustainable economic growth and social development in Africa. Sustainable
agriculture largely depends on how effective natural and environmental resources are managed and utilized; it also depends
on the security of continuous access to such resources. This research was aimed to look into trends in agricultural productivity,
examine the persistence of the environmental insecurity, analyze the relationship between the two, and explore their links
to the national development policies. The results are discussed in the context of relevance to national development policies
and their implications on the sustainability of agriculture and rural livelihoods security. Literature survey, records collection
from the stakeholders, village level participatory assessments (PAs), observations and questionnaire survey were tools used
for data collection. The study shows significant (P < 0.01) declines in cereal crop yields, cattle milk yield and cattle calving rate, and increasing cattle mortality rate.
Elements of environmental insecurity were found to account for decline in agricultural productivity; significant (P < 0.01) proportion (68%), of 266 households interviewed, reported land resources deterioration, declining soil fertility,
and increasing drought frequencies as the causes of their low productivity. Declined fertilizer consumption and increasing
variability in rainfall amount significantly (P < 0.01) accounted for 59% and 39%, respectively, of the variations observed in total annual production of rice and maize,
which are major cereals in the study area. This study recommends measures to improve soil productivity such as improved fertilizer
application and use of organic manures along with mineral fertilizers for maintaining soil productivity; education of farmers
on sustainable use and management of land resources; and pro-poor rural policies in agricultural development and environmental
governance.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
19.
Jo Williams 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(3):325-354
This paper seeks to test the hypothesis that growth in one-person households will increase the domestic consumption of energy,
land and household goods in England and Wales. It concludes that if current consumer behaviour of one-person households persists
there will be a significant increase in the consumption of all three resources in the future. However, it argues that that
many opportunities exist in England and Wales for tackling this problem. For example the new housing programme, increasing
ability amongst one-person households to afford “green alternatives” and the search amongst some one-person households for
alternative lifestyles (which could be potentially more resource efficient). The paper suggests that providing one-person
households with opportunities to live in more resource efficient housing and adopt pro-environmental behaviour could significantly
reduce their future environmental impact. Various design, fiscal and awareness-raising solutions are presented in the paper
and their viability is assessed. These include ecological homes, collective housing forms, occupancy tax, relocation packages,
educational programmes and targeted advertising campaigns. The paper proposes that using a combination of these more innovative
solutions to the problem could significantly reduce the future environmental impact of one-person households. 相似文献
20.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The article “Quantifying carbon footprint for ecological river restoration”, written by “Yiwen Chiu, Yi Yang and Cody Morse”,... 相似文献