负载型纳米TiO2/AC对偶氮染料的光催化降解研究

以钛酸四丁酯和粒状活性炭(AC)为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备出负载型纳米TiO2/AC催化剂.在流化床反应器中分别对2种典型的偶氮类染料橙黄G、活性艳红X-3B模拟废水进行了光催化降解研究,探讨了pH值、外加氧化剂对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生利用试验.结果表明,TiO2/AC催化剂具有良好的光催化活性、吸附特性及可再生性,60 min后对2种染料反应的光催化降解率分别可达到99.71%和97 12%,反应180 min后的TOC去除率分别达到81.54%和81.99%;反应后TiO2/AC催化剂回收率大于95%,经焙烧再生后对橙黄G反应60 min的光催化降解率仍高达95.93%.     

Cu2O@ZnO复合光催化剂对难生物降解有机物的光降解

通过改进的浸渍-还原-空气氧化法成功制备了Cu₂O@ZnO复合光催化剂,考察Cu₂O@ZnO对对硝基苯酚（PNP）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）2种不同化学结构污染物的光催化效果,同时探究了催化剂的稳定性和降解机制.结果表明,在模拟太阳光照射下,当铜锌物质的量比为0.15时,Cu₂O@ZnO复合光催化剂具有最佳的光催化降解性能,其中对硝基苯酚的光催化降解率为98.2%,聚丙烯酰胺光催化降解率为99.7%.基于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、光致发光（PL）光谱、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱等表征手段可以推断,Cu₂O和ZnO形成Ⅱ型异质结,有效地抑制光生电子空穴对的复合.自由基捕获实验指出超氧自由基和空穴为主要活性物种,经过4次循环使用后光催化剂仍具有很高的光催化性能.     

硫化镉光催化降解活性染料的研究

以硫化镉为光催化剂,钨灯模拟可见光,研究了硫化镉对活性染料亚甲基蓝的光催化降解过程。考察了光照时间、催化剂用量、污染物的初始浓度、反应体系的pH值等对光催化过程的影响。结果表明,以钨灯为光源下,硫化镉能较好对亚甲基蓝进行降解。     

Cobalt and sulfur co-doped nano-size TiO2 for photodegradation of various dyes and phenol

Various compositions of cobalt and sulfur co-doped titania nano-photocatalyst are synthesized via sol–gel method. A number of techniques including X-ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS), thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)Raman, N2 sorption, electron microscopy are used to examine composition, crystalline phase, morphology, distribution of dopants, surface area and optical properties o synthesized materials. The synthesized materials consisted of quasispherical nanoparticles of anatase phase exhibiting a high surface area and homogeneous distribution o dopants. Cobalt and sulfur co-doped titania demonstrated remarkable structural and optical properties leading to an efficient photocatalytic activity for degradation of dyes and phenol under visible light irradiations. Moreover, the effect of dye concentration catalyst dose and p H on photodegradation behavior of environmental pollutants and recyclability of the catalyst is also examined to optimize the activity of nano-photocatalys and gain a better understanding of the process.     

Preparations of TiO2 film coated on foam nickel substrate by sol-gel processes and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of acetaldehyde

Anatase TiO2 films were successfully prepared on foam nickel substrates by sol-gel technique using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. The characteristics of the TiO2 films were investigated by XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by photocatalytic degradation reactions of gaseous acetaldehyde, an indoor pollutant, under ultraviolet light irradiation. It was found that Ni^2＋ doping into TiO2 films due to the foam nickel substrates resulted in the extension of absorption edges of TiO2 films from UV region to visible light region. The pre-heating for foam nickel substrates resulted in the formation of NiO layer, which prevented effectively the injection of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 films to metal nickel. The TiO2 films displayed high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acetaldehyde, and were enhanced by calcining the substrates and coating TiO2 films repeatedly. The high activity was mainly attributed to the improvement of the characteristics of substrate surface and the increase of active sites on photocatalyst.     

Understanding the multifunctionality in Cu-doped BiVO4 semiconductor photocatalyst

A visible light-induced, Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst was synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic efficiency was investigated in the degradation of model water pollutants like Methylene Blue(dye) and ibuprofen(pharmaceuticals), as well as the inactivation of Escherichia coli(bacteria). The Cu-doped BiVO4 samples showed better efficiency than undoped BiVO_4, and the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 sample showed the best efficiency. The degradation of Methylene Blue reached 95%, while the degradation of ibuprofen reached 75%, and the inactivation of E. coli reached 85% in irradiation with visible light. The appearance of additional absorption band shoulders and widening of the optical absorption in the visible range makes the prepared powder an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst. Moreover, the formation of an in-gap energy state just above the valance band as determined by density functional theory(DFT) first principle calculation, facilitates the wider optical absorption range of the doped system. Similarly, this in-gap energy state also acts as an electron trap, which is favorable for the efficient separation and photoexcited charge carriers' transfer process. The formation of oxygen vacancies due to doping also improved the separation of the charge carrier, which promoted the trapping of electrons and inhibited electron hole recombination, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity. No decrease in the efficiency of the 1 wt.% Cu-doped BiVO_4 photocatalyst in the degradation of ibuprofen over three consecutive cycles revealed the stability of the photocatalyst towards photocorrosion. These findings highlight the multifunctional applications of Cu-doped BiVO_4 in wastewater containing multiple pollutants.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2可见光下光催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,然后浸渍法制备出H3PW12O40/TiO2复合型光催化剂,并运用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了可见光光照下H3PW12O40/TiO2对孔雀石绿降解的光催化活性,考察了浸渍量、催化剂用量、底物浓度、pH值对光催化降解率的影响.实验表明,在pH=5条件下,H3PW12O40/TiO2催化剂用量为0.3g.L-1,浓度为10mg·mL-1的孔雀石绿溶液在2L·min-1曝气、300W可见光下光照4h后光催化降解率为78%,比TiO2光催化活性提高了24%.     

硅胶负载TiO2光催化降解吡啶

以硅胶为载体，钛酸四丁酯为原料，用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型TiO2，在UV-TiO2体系中对吡啶(PD)进行光催化降解，并研究了降解体系的紫外吸收光谱和pH值对光催化降解体系的影响。结果表明：负载型TiO2光催化剂加入量为60mg／40ml，吡啶的光催化降解反应符合一级动力学方程；吡啶中氮转化成氨氮。碱性条件下的降解率高于酸性条件下的降解率；TiO2负载后利用率提高了6倍左右。     

g-C3N4/rGO/TiO2光催化材料降解模拟污水中氨氮

以自制的g-C₃N₄和氧化石墨烯（GO）及TiO₂为原料,通过静电吸附组装、水热还原等反应过程制备以还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为光生电子传输介质的g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料,并通过冷场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱（UV-Vis-DRS）、光电流密度测试等方法对催化剂形貌结构和光学性能进行了表征.选择含氮浓度为50mg/L的氨氮溶液作为模拟原水,调节氨氮溶液的pH值至9~10,研究了该光催化材料在氙灯照射下的氨氮去除效果.结果表明,g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料的SEM照片显示其为TiO₂包覆结构,复合材料的XRD图谱同时出现了TiO₂和g-C₃N₄的衍射峰,DRS光谱则体现出复合材料在可见光区的光吸收能力明显增强;对氨氮的去除实验表明原材料GO：g-C₃N₄=1：10的复合光催化材料有较好的光催化降解氨氮的性能,氨氮平均去除率为97%.通过采用电子顺磁共振（EPR）测定反应过程中的活性自由基,推测降解机理为：复合光催化剂在氙灯照射下生成的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基直接在材料表面对吸附的NH₃进行氧化,而rGO则作为光催化材料的传输介质起到了传导光生电荷的作用.     

A simple and cheap method for preparation of coupled ZrO2/ZnO with high photocatalytic activities

The objective of this study was to prepare a new photocatalyst with high activities for degradation of organic pollutants. Coupled ZrO₂/ZnO photocatalyst was prepared with a simple precipitation method with cheap raw materials zinc acetate and zirconium oxychloride, and was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reactive brilliant red X-3B was used as a model compound to investigate the photocatalytic activity of synthesized catalysts in water under 254 nm UV irradiation. Results show that the optimal calcination temperature and coupling molar ratio of Zr were 350°C And 2.5%, respectively. At the calcination temperature of 350°C, ZrO₂ was dispersed on the surface of hexagonal ZnO in the form of amorphous clusters. The particle size of ZrO₂/ZnO decreased with the decrease of calcination temperature and the increase of Zr coupling amount. ZrO₂/ZnO has better photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive brilliant red (RBR) X-3B than pure ZnO and P25-TiO₂.     

类单晶纳米片状WO3的制备及其光催化性能

通过调控水热温度、反应pH值和前驱体比例制备了类单晶WO₃纳米片光催化材料,通过XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS,UV-vis和光电流密度测试等手段对WO₃纳米片的形貌、晶型、组成以及电荷分离性能进行了表征,并研究了可见光照条件下其对罗丹明B的催化降解活性.结果表明,研究获得了厚度约10nm,边长尺寸约300~500nm的单斜晶相WO₃纳米片,且纳米片具有连续整齐的晶格结构、较高的能带结构和较好的电荷载流子分离性能.光催化实验结果表明,WO₃纳米片催化降解罗丹明B的反应过程符合一级动力学,反应速率常数为2.91h^-1,是WO₃纳米颗粒催化罗丹明B降解反应速率常数（0.56h^-1）的5.2倍,推测WO₃纳米片较好的催化活性是源于其较高的载流子分离效率.自由基捕获实验证明,可见光照下·OH和·O₂^-均为WO₃纳米片催化降解污染物过程中的活性自由基.循环降解实验证明制备的光催化剂具有良好的稳定性.     

TiO2/生物炭复合材料处理低浓度氨氮废水

为研究功能复合材料对低浓度氨氮〔ρ(NH₄+-N)≤50 mg/L〕废水的处理效果,采用水热法制备TiO₂/生物炭复合材料,并在自制光催化反应装置中对低浓度氨氮废水进行处理,考察TiO₂负载量、温度、pH等因素对NH₄+-N去除过程的影响以及催化的最终降解产物.结果表明,TiO₂/生物炭复合材料能有效催化去除废水中的NH₄+-N,其优化处理条件:ρ(NH₄+-N)为50 mg/L,TiO₂/生物炭复合材料投加量为1.5 g/L,254 nm紫外灯照射120 min,TiO₂负载量为20%,废水初始pH为11.0,曝气量为150 mL/min.在优化处理条件下,当温度为60 ℃时NH₄+-N去除率可达100%,常温(30 ℃)下可达67%.反应最终产物中ρ(NO₂--N)非常低,并且无NO₃--N生成.研究显示,TiO₂/生物炭复合材料具有将NH₄+-N转化为N₂的良好光催化氧化选择性.      

g-C3N4/rGO/TiO2光催化材料降解模拟污水中氨氮

以自制的g-C₃N₄和氧化石墨烯（GO）及TiO₂为原料,通过静电吸附组装、水热还原等反应过程制备以还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为光生电子传输介质的g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料,并通过冷场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱（UV-Vis-DRS）、光电流密度测试等方法对催化剂形貌结构和光学性能进行了表征.选择含氮浓度为50mg/L的氨氮溶液作为模拟原水,调节氨氮溶液的pH值至9~10,研究了该光催化材料在氙灯照射下的氨氮去除效果.结果表明,g-C₃N₄/rGO/TiO₂光催化材料的SEM照片显示其为TiO₂包覆结构,复合材料的XRD图谱同时出现了TiO₂和g-C₃N₄的衍射峰,DRS光谱则体现出复合材料在可见光区的光吸收能力明显增强;对氨氮的去除实验表明原材料GO：g-C₃N₄=1：10的复合光催化材料有较好的光催化降解氨氮的性能,氨氮平均去除率为97%.通过采用电子顺磁共振（EPR）测定反应过程中的活性自由基,推测降解机理为：复合光催化剂在氙灯照射下生成的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基直接在材料表面对吸附的NH₃进行氧化,而rGO则作为光催化材料的传输介质起到了传导光生电荷的作用.     

Photocatalytic degradation of L-acid by TiO2 supported on the activated carbon

Introduction Aromatic sulfonic acid, which is produced in large amounts in chemical industry since the end of 19th century, has been widely applied in many industrial processes, including the various steps of procedure (Alonso and Barcelo, 2000). Naphthalene- sulfonic acids are of importance as dye intermediates and commonly used in the textile auxiliary industry employing many azo dyes and pigments. Among them, 1-naphthol-5-sulphonic acid (L-acid) is widely used in the printing as the raw ma…     

活性炭负载TiO2催化剂对直接耐酸大红4BS溶液的光催化降解研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭负载型TiO2催化剂,采用了XRD、BET和SEM对催化剂进行表征。研究了催化剂对直接耐酸大红4BS的紫外光催化降解,比较了活性炭、P25和TiO2／AC对4BS溶液的降解能力,探讨了催化剂煅烧温度和投加量以及染料溶液的初始浓度对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生实验。结果表明,500℃下煅烧的TiO2／AC催化剂比表面积为1147．88m^2／g、TiO2粒径为21．9nm、晶相组成以锐钛矿为主,具有良好的光催化活性和稳定性;90min后2g／L催化剂对150mg／L的4BS溶液紫外光催化降解率达到99．8％。     

铁、锌、铁酸锌掺杂对纳米级二氧化钛光催化降解罗丹明B活性的影响

通过溶胶 凝胶法合成了掺杂Fe3+ 、Zn2 + 、ZnFe2 O4的纳米级TiO2 ,并进行了XRD、TEM表征 ,对罗丹明B的光催化实验表明 ,ZnFe2 O4的掺杂能明显提高TiO2 的光催化活性 ,而Zn2 + 的掺杂对TiO2 的光催化活性影响不大 ,Fe3+ 的掺杂则使TiO2 的光催化活性降低。     

g-C3N4在可见光下协同PDS降解磺胺二甲嘧啶的机制研究

以二聚氰胺为前驱体合成光催化剂石墨相碳化氮(g-C_3N_4),通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等技术对g-C_3N_4材料进行形貌结构和光学性能的表征.实验过程中,以g-C_3N_4光催化降解磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)中,加入过硫酸盐(PDS)联合效果的研究结果表明,PDS加快了g-C_3N_4对SMZ的光催化降解;通过荧光测试,表明了PDS使g-C_3N_4的光生空穴(h~+)与光生电子(e-)能够进行有效地分离,从而加强其光催化性能;实验同时研究了PDS/g-C_3N_4体系对磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)光催化降解的影响机制.研究表明,SMZ的光催化降解反应符合准一级动力学规律;pH在酸性环境下有利于SMZ的降解;使用草酸钠作为光生空穴分子捕获剂,检测到h~+存在于PDS/g-C_3N_4光催化体系中,并计算得出h~+的贡献率为65.9%,表明h~+在降解中起到主要作用;TOC的检测表明,加入PDS有助于SMZ的矿化.     

超临界干燥制备TiO_2/蒙脱土光催化剂及性能研究

文章采用溶胶凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级TiO2/蒙脱土光催化剂,以苯酚光催化降解为反应模型,探讨了煅烧温度、不同用量的蒙脱土对光催化活性的影响。研究结果表明,煅烧温度为600℃,蒙脱土为44.1%时制的TiO2/蒙脱土光催化剂的光催化性能最好。并用XRD、TEM等手段进行了表征。TiO2以锐钛矿型形式存在。由超临界干燥法制备的光催化剂具有粒径小,比表面积大,光催化活性高等特点。     

酸改性纳米TiO_2降解模拟污染物的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了酸改性纳米二氧化钛,并用XRD、UV-vis等测定技术对所制得的粉体试样进行了表征,同时以甲基橙为模拟污染物,评价了改性后纳米二氧化钛的光催化性能,发现其光催化活性大大高于未改性二氧化钛粉体。并从酸改性的样品中筛选出了光催化活性最好的粉体,以光催化降解苯酚为模型反应,确立了降解的最优条件。     

低温燃烧合成纳米Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂的表征及活性研究

采用低温燃烧合成法制备了Ni掺杂TiO₂光催化剂,通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、激光散射、热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)等方法对催化剂的光吸收特性、晶相组成、粒度分布、升温过程中化学变化等进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物考察了催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性.结果表明,相对P25而言,Ni掺杂TiO₂的光吸收带边红移,当Ni/Ti原子比为0.4时,催化剂的带隙宽度为2.3eV,对应的吸收带边为564nm;催化剂晶型以锐钛矿TiO₂为主,随Ni掺杂量增大,NiTiO₃比例升高;催化剂粒径主要分布在50～150nm之间,占总量的96.9%;升温过程中催化剂在445.2℃发生晶型转化,出现锐钛矿和NiTiO₃晶体.催化剂显示出较高的催化活性,在可见光作用150min后最高可使93.9%的亚甲基蓝分解,活性高于P25.