Algal uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen in wastewater treatment plants

The algal uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) in the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic(A_2O)process was investigated in this study. Anaerobic, aerobic and effluent DON samples from two wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) were separated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions using a DAX-8 resin coupled with an anion exchange resin and a nanofiltration(NF)pretreatment. Hydrophilic DON accounted for 66.66%–88.74% of the entire DON for the two plants evaluated. After a 15-day incubation, 16.95%–91.75% DON was bioavailable for algal growth, and untreated samples exhibited higher DON bioavailability, with 52.83% DON average uptake rates, compared with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions(45.53% and 44.40%, respectively) because the pretreatment caused the inorganic salt to be resistant to algae. Anaerobic untreated samples, hydrophilic fractions and hydrophobic fractions showed higher DON reduction rates and higher biomass accumulation compared with the other DON fractions due to the decomposition of resistant organics by anaerobic and anoxic bacteria.DON in aerobic and effluent samples of plant A was more bioavailable than that of plant B with usages of 27.49%–55.26% DON. DON bioavailability in the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process decreased in the following order: anaerobic effluent aerobic. The DON contents were reduced after anaerobic treatment in the two plants. The EEM-PARAFAC model identified three DON components, including two humic acid-like substances and one protein-like substance in plant A and two protein-like substances and one humic acid-like substance in plant B.     

Comparison of zinc complexation properties of dissolved organic matter from surface waters and wastewater treatment plant effluents

Abstract: Unlike natural organic matter(NOM), wastewater organic matter(WWOM) from wastewater treatment plant effluents has notbeen extensively studied with respect to complexation reactions with heavy metals such as copper or zinc. In this study, organic matter trom sunface waters and a wastewater treatment plant effluent were concentrated by reverse osmosis(FIC)) method. The samples were treated in the laboratory to remove trace metals and major cations. The zinc complexing properties of both NOM and the WVVOM were studied by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry(SWASV). Experimental data were compared to predictions using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model(WHAM) Version Ⅵ. We found that the zinc binding of WVVOM was much stronger than that of NOM and not well predicted by WHAM.This suggests that in natural water boodies that receive wastewater teatment plant effluents the ratio of WWOM to NOM must be taken into account in order to accurately predict ferr zinc activities.     

污水处理厂尾水中有机氯化物的活性炭吸附深度处理

考虑到经氯消毒的城市污水处理厂尾水中可能存在的副产物,选择广东省东莞市两个典型污水处理厂尾水为研究对象,采用GC-MS分析其中的有机氯化物,并以某种粉末活性炭进行吸附深度处理及考察其效果.分析结果表明,尾水中存在二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二氯一溴甲烷、二澳一氯甲烷、二氯硝基甲烷等多种有机氯化物,其中,三氯甲烷和四氯化碳在所取样品中都存在且相对含量之和超过80%;吸附结果表明,所选择的活性炭样在1 g·L-1投加量下,尾水中未检出有机氯化物.说明适宜的活性炭能够应用于污水处理厂尾水中多种有机氯化物的分离去除.     

珠三角城市污泥中壬基酚及重金属特征分析

对珠三角地区典型城市的13家污水处理厂剩余污泥中壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)、部分重金属及养分含量进行了检测和分析.结果表明,珠三角地区典型城市13家污水处理厂污泥中NP范围在0.45~65.17 mg·kg~(-1)(以干重计,下同)之间,平均值为10.87 mg·kg~(-1),工业废水是影响污水处理厂污泥中NP含量的一个重要因素,该地区污泥中NP含量相比于世界其他地区较低,但其中有2家污水处理厂污泥中NP含量超过或接近2000年欧盟污泥指令文件对污泥中NP、NP1EO、NP2EO(NPE)总量限制值(50 mg·kg~(-1)).13家污水处理厂污泥样中Cu、Pb、Cd及Zn含量的几何平均值分别为435.43、78.88、2.72、1088.01 mg·kg~(-1),与《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中施用土壤(p H6.5)限值进行比较,仍有部分污水处理厂污泥中Cu、Cd、Zn含量超标.13家污水处理厂污泥样中有机质、总氮、总磷及总钾的算术平均值分别为294.40、12.92、39.63、9.12 g·kg~(-1),与过去的研究相比,污泥中有机质与养分含量总体呈上升趋势.相关性分析的结果表明,13家污水处理厂污泥样中NP含量与污泥中总Cu的含量具有显著的正相关关系.     

Selective elimination of chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

Effluent organic matter (EfOM) from municipal wastewater treatment plants potentially has a detrimental effect on both aquatic organisms and humans. This study evaluated the removal and transformation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant under different seasons. The results showed that bio-treatment was found to be more efficient in removing bulk DOM (in terms of dissolved organic carbon, DOC) than CDOM and FDOM, which was contrary to the disinfection process. CDOM and FDOM were selectively removed at various stages during the treatment. Typically, the low molecular weight (MW) fractions of CDOM and protein-like FDOM were more efficiently removed during bio-treatment process, whereas the humic-like FDOM exhibited comparable decreases in both bio-treatment and disinfection processes. Overall, the performance of the WWTP was weak in terms of CDOM and FDOM removal, resulting in enrichment of CDOM and FDOM in effluent. Moreover, the total removal of the bulk DOM (P < 0.05) and the protein-like FDOM (P < 0.05) displayed a significant seasonal variation, with higher removal efficiencies in summer, whereas removal of CDOM and the humic-like FDOM showed little differences between summer and winter. In all, the results provide useful information for understanding the fate and transformation of DOM, illustrating that sub-fractions of DOM could be selectively removed depending on treatment processes and seasonality.     

技术标准视角下我国污水处理厂尾水人工湿地设计分析

人工湿地已逐渐应用于我国污水处理厂提标改造和尾水资源化利用工程实践中,并成为一项备受关注的技术。为指导和规范国内各地区污水处理厂尾水人工湿地工程的设计和建设,国家和地方相关职能部门及专业协会发布实施了多部尾水人工湿地技术标准。在全面梳理国内外尾水人工湿地工程应用现状和当前指导尾水人工湿地设计、建设的相关技术标准实施情况的基础上,对不同层面尾水人工湿地技术标准从工艺选型、设计参数等方面进行对比分析。依据尾水人工湿地碳水平调控策略的可行性、经济性并结合实际工程应用可达性的综合分析,确定湿地结构优化、工艺改进、耦合工艺是优化尾水人工湿地工程设计和强化其脱氮效能的较好策略和途径。为保障人工湿地工程安全和正常运营,建议人工湿地工程设计时应依据当地的水文条件,进行湿地的总水量平衡计算。未来应构建基于基质和水生植物选择、工程运营监测等方面的基础数据库,加强技术标准在尾水人工湿地全生命周期中的指导作用。

     

城市污水厂尾水受纳河段沉积物脲酶活性及硝化潜力分析

为探究城市污水厂尾水排放对河流沉积物氮素滞留的影响,在合肥市的南淝河、十五里河、塘西河、板桥河和廿埠河各选取一个河段,分3个季节采集尾水排放口上、下游一定范围的河道表层沉积物,解析沉积物脲酶活性、硝化潜力及其变化特征,并对沉积物脲酶活性对外源碳的响应开展定量化分析.结果表明,5个尾水受纳河段排放口下游河道沉积物TN、NH₄⁺-N含量都不同程度的低于上游对照点,多数受纳河段沉积物NO₃^--N和OM含量下降,TP则大都不同程度的升高.绝大多数受纳河段尾水排放口下游沉积物脲酶活性低于上游对照点,甚至离尾水排放口距离越近的采样点位脲酶活性越低.5个尾水受纳河段不同程度表现出沉积物脲酶活性随外源碳浓度梯度增大的特点,表明河段沉积物脲酶活性存在一定的碳限制性.南淝河、十五里河和塘西河河段尾水排放口下游所有采样点沉积物硝化速率均高于上游对照点,而板桥河、 廿埠河河段则相反.总体上,各尾水受纳河段排放口上游对照点与下游采样点的沉积物脲酶活性、硝化潜力和硝化活性差异性不显著.     

湿法堆垛育菇废水物化-生化组合处理技术研究

食用菌湿法堆垛育菇废水作为一种高浓度有机废水,具有难降解、高COD和高氨氮的特点,利用常规处理工艺难以实现达标排放。采用气浮-折流A/O生物膜反应器(HAOBR)-O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺,研究气浮-HAOBR对育菇废水中COD和氨氮的处理效果,探讨O₃/H₂O₂催化氧化段在不同组合方式下的处理效果和最佳控制参数,并利用三维荧光光谱技术分析该组合工艺废水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的变化特性。结果表明：经气浮-HAOBR处理后,育菇废水中COD和氨氮浓度分别降至（485±25）和（1.32±0.11） mg/L;在O₃和H₂O₂浓度分别为0.88和333 mg/L时,O₃/H₂O₂单元对COD和氨氮的去除效果最佳;最终出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为（22.50±1.50）和（1.30±0.15） mg/L,平均去除率分别为99.40%和98.70%;育菇废水中DOM主要是类富里酸物质、溶解性微生物代谢产物和类腐殖酸物质,处理后DOM荧光强度大幅降低,但主要组分未发生改变。气浮-HAOBR-O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺能有效去除育菇废水中COD、氨氮和DOM,出水满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,具有很好的应用前景。

     

磁混凝工艺处理市政废水中的污染物去除特征研究

本研究对2个磁混凝站点进行了水质分析与溶解性有机物（DOM）的系统表征，考察了市政废水在磁混凝过程中的污染物去除效果与DOM去除特征，分析了强化磁混凝过程关键作用.研究发现：磁混凝可显著去除浊度、悬浮态有机物和磷，2个站点TCOD和TP去除率分别为52.53%/76.78%和64.41%/81.59%.市政废水DOM组成复杂，内源性DOM占比较高，两个站点DOM种类相似，但B站点进水有机物含量略少，且芳香类DOM占比较低.磁混凝对DOM具有显著的去除效果，主要去除高腐殖化程度、芳香性、聚合度、疏水性的大分子有机物，络氨酸类蛋白是主要的去除物质.B站点强化药剂的投加显著提升DOM和氨氮的去除效果，TOC和氨氮的去除率可达40.01%和36.08%，同时磷和TCOD的混凝效果也得到一定强化.本研究揭示了磁混凝过程污染物去除特征，促进了磁混凝过程的理解，为磁混凝在水处理中的推广应用提供了有效支撑.     

冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物的去除

以东北地区4个城市污水处理厂为研究对象,考察冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物(DOM)组分的去除效果,以及对DOM组分的光谱学特性和卤代活性的影响.利用XAD树脂将DOM分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,A/O法、曝气生物滤池、浮动填料法和A2/O法对DOM都具有较高的去除能力,其中曝气生物滤池对DOM的处理效果最好.经4种污水处理工艺处理后,5种组分的芳香性和三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)均升高.A2/O法对HPO-A和TPI-A的芳香性增强程度最高,而曝气生物滤池对HPO-N,TPI-N和HPI的芳香性增强程度最高.浮动填料法对HPO-A,TPI-A和HPI的STHMFP升高最显著,A2/O法对HPO-N的STHMFP增加最显著,曝气生物滤池对TPI-N的STHMFP升高最显著.4种污水处理工艺对HPI中荧光物质的去除率高于非荧光物质.而对于其他4种DOM组分来说,不同的污水处理工艺对不同荧光峰的改变不相同.     

制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物混凝去除特性研究

制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物(DOM)由于组成复杂、难去除、具有多异质性和分散性,是污水深度处理与回用的主要去除对象和关键限制因子.本论文以发酵制药废水二级出水的DOM为研究对象,采用投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂去除DOM,考察混凝剂投加量和混凝pH值对去除效果的影响,并结合分子量分级、亲疏水性分级以及三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析方法等对DOM进行了系统表征和分析,进一步阐述混凝过程DOM的去除特征.结果表明,PAC投加量为250 mg·L~(-1)、pH=7时,混凝沉淀30 min对DOC、UV_(254)、色度和浊度的去除率分别为13.05%±0.29%、23.65%±0.75%、12.66%±1.34%、63.67%±0.89%;混凝对分子量10 kDa的组分和疏水中性(HON)组分去除效果分别为50.33%±0.98%、21.56%±0.42%,而对分子量1 kDa组分去除率较低为2.26%±0.12%;三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析将制药废水二级出水分为2个类腐殖质组分(C1、C3)和1个类蛋白组分(C2),混凝对类腐殖酸组分(C1)最大荧光强度去除率(F_(max))最高为46.22%,而亲水性的小分子和蛋白类物质混凝去除效果较差.     

ASBR处理食品废水中DOM转化过程的荧光光谱

利用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理食品废水,结合三维荧光光谱技术考察不同反应时段废水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光谱特征和物质来源,并建立DOM特征峰荧光强度与氨氮浓度的关系.工艺运行结果表明:食品废水经过ASBR处理后,进水的COD从1100mg/L降至91mg/L,COD去除率达到91.73%,说明ASBR反应器可有效降解食品废水中的有机物质.三维荧光光谱显示,5种物质的特征荧光峰,即高激发波长色氨酸(峰A)、低激发波长色氨酸(峰B)、可见光区富里酸(峰C)、紫外光区富里酸(峰D)、类腐殖酸(峰E).随着厌氧生物处理的进行,峰A、峰B和峰C的荧光强度表现为先增加后减少的趋势;峰D荧光强度表现为微弱增加趋势;峰E荧光强度为先减少后增加趋势.荧光光谱指数FI、HIX、BIX表明,废水具有明显生物源特征.建立高激发波长色氨酸、低激发波长色氨酸特征峰荧光强度与色氨酸荧光强度之和与氨氮浓度在反应周期内的相关性,其相关系数分别为0.8136、0.9390、0.9153,说明可通过三维荧光光谱技术快速监测食品废水厌氧生物处理过程中的氨氮浓度.     

三维荧光光谱解析城市污水有机物的去除特征

利用荧光区域积分结合物料平衡计算及多元直接梯度分析,考察强化除磷-硫自养系统对低COD/TN比市政污水中有机物、氮和磷污染物的去除特性.结果表明,在进水COD/TN比为4.5～6.0的条件下,强化除磷-硫自养系统出水中的TN、NH₄⁺-N和TP浓度分别降至1.31、1.11和0.23mg/L,其去除率分别达到了96.3%、96.0%和86.9%.强化除磷-硫自养系统对荧光区域Ⅰ～Ⅴ标准积分体积的去除率分别为73.7%、64.3%、50.6%、61.3%和28.1%.物料平衡计算表明,非曝气区对荧光区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ的物质有明显的去除效果;好氧区对荧光区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的物质有明显的去除效果.多元直接梯度分析表明,磷的释放过程可能与溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光区中的有机物相关,而自养的硝化反应、吸磷过程和有机物的去除可在好氧区达到统一.     

Degradation of kanamycin from production wastewater with high-concentration organic matrices by hydrothermal treatment

It is known that many kinds of fermentative antibiotics can be removed by temperatureenhanced hydrolysis from production wastewater based on their easy-to-hydrolyze characteristics. However, a few aminoglycosides are hard to hydrolyze below 100 °C because of their stability expressed by high molecular energy gap( E). Herein, removal of hard-to-hydrolyze kanamycin residue from production wastewater by hydrothermal treatment at subcritical temperatures was investigated. The results showed the reac...     

泗河水体及污水厂出水中全氟烷基酸类化合物及其前体物空间分布特征

为探究河流水体和污水厂出水中全氟烷基酸(Perfluoroalkyl Acids,PFAAs)及其前体物的污染特征,采用羟基自由基氧化、WAX固相萃取分离富集、超高效液相色谱-质谱串联相结合的方法,以泗河水体及其附近污水厂出水为例,对上述不同水体中的PFAAs及其前体物的空间分布特征及前体物对水体污染的贡献进行了系统研究.结果表明,泗河水体和附近污水厂出水中PFAAs的总浓度(∑PFAAs)分别为3.87~40.84和55.59~110.91 ng·L~(-1),均值分别为24.92和88.04 ng·L~(-1);PFOS、PFHx S、PFOA、PFHx A和PFNA是浓度较高的污染物;污水厂出水中PFAAs的浓度明显高于泗河,泗河上游水体PFAAs的浓度低于下游.在对水样进行氧化处理后,泗河水体中碳原子数为4~12的全氟羧酸类化合物(Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids,PFCAs)浓度增加值(∑Δ[PFCAC4-12])低于附近污水厂出水,但污水厂出水中前体物的转化率(Δ[PFCAs]/[PFCAs]氧化前)低于泗河水体,因此,污水处理过程中可能存在前体物的降解.