泰安市大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

2018年夏季对泰安市城区站点的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行监测,研究了其污染特征、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和特征污染物比值,利用PMF源解析模型对VOCs的来源进行了解析.结果 表明,观测期间泰安市VOCs体积分数平均值为(16.57±7.99)× 10-9,VOCs中浓度占比最高的为OVOCs(41.9％),其次为烷...     

银川都市圈大气挥发性有机物的污染特征及臭氧生成潜势初步分析

2019年6月和8月在宁夏回族自治区银川市及周边6个点位进行了环境空气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的观测研究.利用苏码罐采样-三级冷阱预浓缩-GC-MS/FID技术测定环境空气样品中56种挥发性有机物组分;分析该地区环境空气中挥发性有机物的污染特征和来源,计算各组分臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的生成潜势.结果表明,工业区、商业/交...     

嘉兴市秋季臭氧浓度变化特征及前体物VOCs的来源解析

利用2022年9月嘉兴市光化学站小时分辨率的挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)和臭氧(O₃)数据,分析了O₃和VOCs的污染特征;采用基于观察数据的(observation-based model,OBM)模型,分析嘉兴市O₃敏感性;并通过正定矩阵因子分析(positive matrix factorization,PMF)模型进行了环境VOCs来源解析研究。结果表明：高温(28.8～33℃)、低湿(69%～74%)、小风(1.4～2.0 m/s)等不利的气象条件有利于O₃浓度升高。嘉兴市VOCs组分含量烷烃(6.7×10^-9)>芳香烃(5.0×10^-9)>烯烃(1.7×10^-9)>炔烃(0.6×10^-9),臭氧生成潜势(ozone formation potential,OFP)芳香烃(74.0μg/m³)>烯烃(19.8...     

太原市环境空气中TSP和PM_(10)来源解析

2001年到2002年,在太原市5个采样点分别采集了环境空气中的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)。用化学质量平衡模型和二重源解析技术解析了TSP和PM10的来源,结果表明,各主要源类对TSP的分担率依次为燃煤尘28%、扬尘24%、建筑水泥尘14%、硫酸盐10%、机动车尾气尘10%、土壤风沙尘5%、钢铁尘4%、硝酸盐4%、其它1%;对PM10的分担率依次为扬尘30%、燃煤尘18%、机动车尾气尘15%、硫酸盐11%、土壤风沙尘9%、建筑水泥尘7%、硝酸盐4%、其它1%。     

香港大气中有毒挥发性有机物研究

用吸附／热脱除－ＧＣ＝／ＭＳ方法研究了香港不同功能区大气中挥发笥有机物的组成。分析结果表明,香港大气中存在６０多种ＶＯＣＳ,其主要成分是苯系物,烷烃和卤代烃。在检出物中有１７种是有毒挥发性有机物,其主要成分是苯系物和氯代烃。其中氯仿,苯,甲苯,四氯乙烯,三氯乙烯和１,２－二氯乙烷是含量最高的组分。     

地下停车场内挥发性有机物变化特征、来源及人体健康风险评估:以北京市某一地下停车场为例

采集北京市某一地下停车场内环境空气样品,利用气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器(GCMSD/FID)测定了挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组成,分析其浓度特征、组分特征和影响因素,运用特征物种比值法和正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析VOCs来源,采用健康风险评估模型定量评估部分VOCs的健康风险.结果表明,地下停车场内VOCs平均浓度为514.16μg·m^-3,其中烷烃占比最大(43.76%),其次是芳香烃(28.89%)、烯烃(10.97%).影响停车场内VOCs浓度的主要因素包括机动车运行工况、机动车进出车次及扩散条件.冷启动工况、较多的出入车次和不利的扩散条件会导致VOCs浓度显著上升.苯/乙苯和苯/甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的均值分别为1.5和0.8,表明机动车尾气和汽油挥发是地下停车场内VOCs的主要来源. PMF解析结果表明地下停车场内VOCs的首要来源为机动车尾气源(44.58%),汽油挥发源和汽车内饰挥发源分别贡献24.56%和9.18%.其中,汽油挥发源在08:00—10:00时段贡献最大,机动车尾气源在16:00—18:00时段贡献最大.健康风险评估...     

北京市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征及来源

挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放是大气污染的重要来源,已经成为我国最重要的环境问题之一,北京市的污染尤为严重。本文对北京市近年来大气挥发性有机物、苯系物的污染情况和来源以及不同控制措施下挥发性有机物的浓度变化进行了总结概括,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

室内空气中挥发性有机物污染与防治

论述了室内空气质量的重要性以及室内挥发性有机物（VOC）污染来源，介绍了评价V0C污染的量化指标VDC和减少室内VOC污染的措施和技术。     

沈阳市臭氧污染特征及其影响因素

近年来中国城市O₃污染问题日益突出,近地面O₃已成为沈阳市的主要空气污染物之一。基于沈阳市2019年近地面臭氧(O₃)及其前体物(VOCs和NO₂)的逐时数据,结合同期气象观测资料,研究了2019年沈阳大气O₃的季节变化特征,分析了VOCs和NO₂以及气象条件对O₃生成的影响;利用最大增量反应活性法(MIR)估算了沈阳大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),并运用正交矩阵因子分解法(PMF)进行了沈阳夏季VOCs的来源解析。结果表明：2019年沈阳市O₃平均质量浓度夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最低;四季O₃日变化特征均表现为单峰型,质量浓度峰值出现在14:00左右,谷值出现在07:00左右。沈阳市O₃质量浓度与温度、风速均呈现正相关关系(P=0.001,P=0.005),与相对湿度呈负相关关系(P=0.005);当温度达到30.0℃以上,O₃质量...     

Source apportionment and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds in Lagos (Nigeria)

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the city air in Oba Akran road, Lagos were investigated. The chlorinated VOCs and xylene in Oba Akran were high. The average benzene/toluene ratio in Oba Akran was 1.7 suggesting that vehicular emission was a possible VOC source in most areas of Oba Akran. The toluene/(m+p-xylene) ratio also suggests a common source of toluene and xylene at these sites, presumably organic solvent used by industries located at Oba Akran. Our results showed that 7.10 tons of CO ₂ equivalents of VOCs are being emitted per year from Oba Akran. Xylenes were found to be the largest contributor to the ozone formation followed by trichloroethylene. A multivariate statistical analysis (Factor analysis extracted with Principal Component Analysis) has been applied to a set of data, and it was found that the main principal components, extracted from the air VOC pollution data, were related to gasoline and oil combustion/industrial activities.     

太原市土壤重金属污染空间分布及评价

以太原市土壤作为研究对象,系统研究了太原市城市土壤及工业区土壤中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb的污染水平和分布,并对污染状况进行了评价.研究表明,太原市土壤中重金属的含量分别为Cr:35.35—848.80mg·kg-1,Ni:4.00—99.57 mg·kg-1,Cu:4.89—266.99 mg·kg-1,Zn:45.16—677.01 mg·kg-1,As:0.66—35.46 mg·kg-1,Cd:nd—1.00 mg·kg-1,Pb:15.61—1240.41 mg·kg-1.其中城市土壤重金属含量较低,工业区土壤重金属含量较高,受到多种重金属的复合污染.以土壤环境质量国家二级标准值作为评价标准,用单项污染指数和综合污染指数对太原市土壤重金属污染进行评价,结果显示太原市大部分城市土壤未受7种重金属污染,只有6.7%的地区处于轻污染水平;工业区土壤污染严重,污染程度从高至低为化工厂(重污染)热电厂(重污染)化肥厂(重污染)第一电厂(中度污染)建筑工地(中度污染)焦化厂(轻污染).7种重金属在太原市土壤中的空间分布规律不同,且均与工业区分布相关,工业区是太原城市土壤重金属污染的重要来源.     

Source apportionment of ambient PM10 in urban areas of Wuxi, China

A total of 168 PM₁₀ samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM₁₀ was high in the spring and winter (123 ??g·m^?3 and low in the summer-fall (90 ??g·m^?3). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM₁₀, accounting for more than 50% of the PM₁₀ mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM₁₀. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM₁₀.     

乌鲁木齐市米东区大气降水的化学特征及来源分析

为研究乌鲁木齐市米东区大气降水中的化学组分特征及来源,对2017-2019年降水中主要离子浓度及来源进行了分析.研究结果显示,米东区2017-2019年降水的雨量加权pH年均值为7.95,雨量加权平均电导率年均值为16.15 mS·m-1,雨量加权平均总离子浓度为72.75-95.89 μeq·L-1,年均浓度为81....     

Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during summer in Beijing, 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including C₃ to C₁₂ alkanes, C₃ to C₁₁ alkenes, C₆ to C₁₂ aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation, painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored.     

Characteristics of carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residences in Beijing,China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds were measured both indoors and outdoors in 50 residences of Beijing in heating (December, 2011) and non-heating seasons (April/May, 2012). SUMMA canisters for VOCs and diffusive samplers for carbonyl compounds were deployed for 24 h at each site, and 94 compounds were quantified. Formaldehyde, acetone and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds both indoors and outdoors with indoor median concentrations being 32.1, 21.7 and 15.3 μg·m⁻³, respectively. Ethane (17.6 μg·m⁻³), toluene (14.4 μg·m⁻³), propane (11.2 μg·m⁻³), ethene (8.40 μg·m⁻³), n-butane (6.87 μg·m⁻³), and benzene (5.95 μg·m⁻³) showed the high median concentrations in indoor air. Dichloromethane, p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) and toluene exhibited extremely high levels in some residences, which were related with a number of indoor emission sources. Moreover, isoprene, p-dichlorobenzene and carbonyls showed median indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios larger than 3, indicating their indoor sources were prevailing. Chlorinated compounds like CFCs were mainly from outdoor sources for their I/O ratios being less than 1. In addition, indoor concentrations between two sampling seasons varied with different compounds. Carbonyl compounds and some chlorinated compounds had higher concentrations in the non-heating season, while alkanes, alkenes, aromatic compounds showed an increase in the heating season. Indoor concentration of VOCs and carbonyls were influenced by locations, interior decorations and indoor activities, however the specific sources for indoor VOCs and carbonyls could not be easily identified. The findings obtained in this study would significantly enhance our understandings on the prevalent and abundant species of VOCs as well as their concentrations and sources in Beijing residences.     

水体中挥发性有机物分析方法研究进展

本文主要对水中挥发性有机物分析的研究进展做了较全面的介绍,简述了近年来样品的采集与保存技术、前处理方法及分析测试技术.对采集后的样品进行前处理的方法主要有吹扫捕集法、顶空固相微萃取法、液相微萃取法、动态针捕集阱等;分析测试技术主要有气相色谱法、气相色谱质谱法、质子转移反应质谱法等,对比了每种方法的优缺点,并展望未来分析检测技术的发展方向,为准确快速测定水中挥发性有机物提供参考.