天津滨海新区土地利用及景观格局变化分析

利用天津滨海新区1979、1987、1992、1997、2005、2008年6期的卫星遥感(TM)图像解泽数据,并在地理信息系统(GIS)和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS的支持下,对该区域1979-2008年的土地利用及景观格局变化进行了分析.结果表明,1979-2008年天津滨海新区的建设用地面积大幅度增加,而林...     

基于渔网法的长丰县生态系统服务价值时空演变及驱动力研究

基于生态系统服务理论,乡村振兴的实质是增长乡村景观生态系统服务价值(ESV)。以安徽省长丰县为例,利用2000—2020年3期土地利用数据,采用渔网法与景观类型动态度、单位面积价值当量法、地理探测器模型等方法结合,分析景观结构变化特征、ESV特征及其空间分布和ESV空间分异驱动力,对长丰县景观ESV提升提供建议。结果显示,近20年,长丰县以耕地景观为主,占比均在0.8以上,水体、林地景观大幅增长,增长量分别为3.669×10³、1.258×10³ hm²。总ESV呈增加趋势,从1.098×10⁹元增长至1.756×10⁹元,主要是退耕还林、还湖对生态系统服务功能提升具有积极作用;ESV高的区域分布与水体、湿地和林地分布一致;各景观类型敏感性系数均小于1,评估结果可信;归一化植被指数(NDVI)的驱动力度最高,为0.349,是长丰县ESV空间分异的主要驱动因子,且多因子交互作用的影响比单因子更为显著。     

生态系统服务价值评估研究进展及其在环境保护中的意义

介绍了生态系统服务功能价值的国内外研究进展。对研究趋势进行了分析，并对开展生态价值评价在环境保护中的意义进行了分析。     

快速城镇化背景下环渤海地区生态系统服务价值变化

在快速城镇化背景下,研究土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值(ESV)的影响具有重要意义。以环渤海地区为研究对象,对该地区1980、2000、2005、2013年的土地利用变化、ESV变化和流向损益进行了分析测算。结果表明:(1)1980—2013年,城镇化进程促使环渤海地区的土地利用结构发生明显变化,农田、森林、草地、湿地、荒漠的面积持续减少,建设用地一直增加,水域面积先增后降。(2)土地利用变化使环渤海地区ESV先略微增长后下降,2013年ESV为6 005亿元,相比1980年水平(6 504亿元)降低7.7%,其中建设用地转入造成ESV损失最大,1980—2013年建设用地转入造成损失585亿元,占ESV损失总量的45.9%;(3)调节服务是环渤海区域生态系统的主导性生态系统服务功能,其对ESV的贡献从1980年起一直超过65%。(4)环渤海地区ESV排名前3位的城市为丹东、天津和大连,除营口、东营、日照和潍坊外,其余城市的ESV一直处于下降趋势。(5)未来应通过避免"摊大饼式"发展和建立城镇化建设中生态补偿机制等方式推动环渤海地区城镇化建设和生态保护协调发展。     

农业景观格局与过程研究进展

当前景观生态学,包括对农业景观生态学的发展已经突破早期对格局—空间结构的描述,达到了对景观生态系统的过程分析阶段。尽管现在关于流或过程的研究大都是经验性的,而正是这些经验性的信息积累无疑会成为未来景观生态学原理形成的基础。进一步的发展应主要依赖概念公理体系的建立和技术的改进。     

洱海流域土壤侵蚀强度时空变化及景观格局分析

采用改进的土壤流失方程(RUSLE)及热点分析研究了洱海流域2000—2020年的土壤侵蚀强度时空变化,并应用Fragstats软件从类型水平与景观水平分析土壤侵蚀影响下的景观格局变化趋势。结果表明：(1)20年间,年平均土壤侵蚀模数持续下降,微度侵蚀类型面积增加,而更强侵蚀类型的面积减少,说明洱海流域土壤侵蚀状况得到改善。(2)随着坡度增大,洱海流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数先增大后减小,在坡度为15°～25°时达到最大。(3)2000—2020年,洱海流域的景观格局也得到了优化。     

Land use change simulation and spatial analysis of ecosystem service value in Shijiazhuang under multi-scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simulating changes in the value of ecosystem services caused by land use changes in large cities under multiple scenarios is of great significance for...     

Dissecting the ecosystem service of large-scale pollutant retention: The role of wetlands and other landscape features

Various features of a landscape contribute to the regulating ecosystem service of reducing waterborne pollutant loading to downstream environments. At local scales, wetlands have been shown to be effective in retaining pollutants. Here, we investigate the landscape-scale contribution to pollutant retention provided by multiple wetlands. We develop a general analytical model which shows that the retention contribution of wetlands and other landscape features is only significant if a large fraction of the total waterborne pollutant transport passes through them. Next, by means of a statistical analysis of official data, we quantify the nutrient retention contribution of wetlands for multiple sub-catchments in two Swedish Water Management Districts. We compare this with the retention contribution of two other landscape features: the waterborne transport distance and major lakes. The landscape-scale retention contribution of wetlands is undetectable; rather, the other two landscape features account for much of the total nutrient retention.     

Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service value in Lijiang River Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is of great significance for the coordinated development of the environment and the economy to study the impact of the human driving factors of...     

Temporal and spatial analysis of the ecosystem service values in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China based on land use change

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) has complex geological conditions and a fragile ecological environment. The construction of the Three Gorges...     

Linking land degradation and restoration to ecosystem services balance by identifying landscape drivers: insights from the globally largest loess deposit area

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land degradation is one of the most serious environmental challenges that profoundly affects ecosystem services (ESs), which further threaten...     

Assumptions in ecosystem service assessments: Increasing transparency for conservation

Conservation efforts are increasingly supported by ecosystem service assessments. These assessments depend on complex multi-disciplinary methods, and rely on a number of assumptions which reduce complexity. If assumptions are ambiguous or inadequate, misconceptions and misinterpretations may arise when interpreting results of assessments. An interdisciplinary understanding of assumptions in ecosystem service science is needed to provide consistent conservation recommendations. Here, we synthesise and elaborate on 12 prevalent types of assumptions in ecosystem service assessments. These comprise conceptual and ethical foundations of the ecosystem service concept, assumptions on data collection, indication, mapping, and modelling, on socio-economic valuation and value aggregation, as well as about using assessment results for decision-making. We recommend future assessments to increase transparency about assumptions, and to test and validate them and their potential consequences on assessment reliability. This will support the taking up of assessment results in conservation science, policy and practice.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01379-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Trends and gaps in biodiversity and ecosystem services research: A text mining approach

Understanding the relationship between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services concepts is essential for evidence-based policy development. We used text mining augmented by topic modelling to analyse abstracts of 15 310 peer-reviewed papers (from 2000 to 2020). We identified nine major topics; “Research & Policy”, “Urban and Spatial Planning”, “Economics & Conservation”, “Diversity & Plants”, “Species & Climate change”, “Agriculture”, “Conservation and Distribution”, “Carbon & Soil & Forestry”, “Hydro-& Microbiology”. The topic “Research & Policy” performed highly, considering number of publications and citation rate, while in the case of other topics, the “best” performances varied, depending on the indicator applied. Topics with human, policy or economic dimensions had higher performances than the ones with ‘pure’ biodiversity and science. Agriculture dominated over forestry and fishery sectors, while some elements of biodiversity and ecosystem services were under-represented. Text mining is a powerful tool to identify relations between research supply and policy demand.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01776-2.     

Disentangling the ecosystem service ‘flood regulation’: Mechanisms and relevant ecosystem condition characteristics

Riverine floods cause increasingly severe damages to human settlements and infrastructure. Ecosystems have a natural capacity to decrease both severity and frequency of floods. Natural flood regulation processes along freshwaters can be attributed to two different mechanisms: flood prevention that takes place in the whole catchment and flood mitigation once the water has accumulated in the stream. These flood regulating mechanisms are not consistently recognized in major ecosystem service (ES) classifications. For a balanced landscape management, it is important to assess the ES flood regulation so that it can account for the different processes at the relevant sites. We reviewed literature, classified them according to these mechanisms, and analysed the influencing ecosystem characteristics. For prevention, vegetation biomass and forest extent were predominant, while for mitigation, the available space for water was decisive. We add some aspects on assessing flood regulation as ES, and suggest also to include flood hazard into calculations.     

Determining landscape function and ecosystem dynamics: contribution to ecological restoration in the southern Namib desert

The southern Namib is characterized by high biodiversity, changes in winter and summer rainfall, extreme climatic conditions and associated geomorphologic processes, a paucity of ecological knowledge, and multiple environmental threats posed by conflicting development options. With the long-term view to establish a research initiative focussing on restoration ecology in the southern Namib Desert, this article provides a review of current ecological knowledge and proposes potential research priorities. The aims of a research initiative would be two-fold. On the academic side, understanding processes operating at different scales will be critical to develop methods of ecological restoration suitable for southern Namib ecosystems. On the practical side, the development of appropriate methods will focus on facilitating ecological processes such as restoration of biologically active substrate, natural succession, and concentration of limited resources. The function of landscapes, plant-soil interface, soil-, vegetation- and plant population dynamics will likely provide some of the answers for ecological restoration.     

Historical and contemporary cultural ecosystem service values in the rapidly urbanizing city state of Singapore

Cultural ecosystem services are a function of people and place, so may change as a location transitions from rural to urban. Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization after its independence in 1965, with a concomitant decline in natural habitat extent and accessibility. Using coastal mangrove forests as a case study habitat, changing cultural values were explored with a novel array of techniques, including qualitative archival analysis (photographs, oral histories), current sources (publically uploaded social media photographs), and surveys of (a) the general public and (b) visitors to publically accessible mangroves. Cultural value changed through time, with a significant transition from intrinsic, intrapersonal values (spiritual, cultural heritage) to instrumental, interpersonal values (recreation, education). Additionally, cultural value varied between different mangroves depending on their public accessibility, and the evolving degree of human interaction with the ecosystem as urban development occured. Cultural values change as development transitions, though mangroves still play an important cultural role in a heavily urbanized environment.