天津滨海新区土地利用及景观格局变化分析

利用天津滨海新区1979、1987、1992、1997、2005、2008年6期的卫星遥感(TM)图像解泽数据,并在地理信息系统(GIS)和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS的支持下,对该区域1979-2008年的土地利用及景观格局变化进行了分析.结果表明,1979-2008年天津滨海新区的建设用地面积大幅度增加,而林...     

基于渔网法的长丰县生态系统服务价值时空演变及驱动力研究

基于生态系统服务理论,乡村振兴的实质是增长乡村景观生态系统服务价值(ESV)。以安徽省长丰县为例,利用2000—2020年3期土地利用数据,采用渔网法与景观类型动态度、单位面积价值当量法、地理探测器模型等方法结合,分析景观结构变化特征、ESV特征及其空间分布和ESV空间分异驱动力,对长丰县景观ESV提升提供建议。结果显示,近20年,长丰县以耕地景观为主,占比均在0.8以上,水体、林地景观大幅增长,增长量分别为3.669×10³、1.258×10³ hm²。总ESV呈增加趋势,从1.098×10⁹元增长至1.756×10⁹元,主要是退耕还林、还湖对生态系统服务功能提升具有积极作用;ESV高的区域分布与水体、湿地和林地分布一致;各景观类型敏感性系数均小于1,评估结果可信;归一化植被指数(NDVI)的驱动力度最高,为0.349,是长丰县ESV空间分异的主要驱动因子,且多因子交互作用的影响比单因子更为显著。     

生态系统服务价值评估研究进展及其在环境保护中的意义

介绍了生态系统服务功能价值的国内外研究进展。对研究趋势进行了分析，并对开展生态价值评价在环境保护中的意义进行了分析。     

快速城镇化背景下环渤海地区生态系统服务价值变化

在快速城镇化背景下,研究土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值(ESV)的影响具有重要意义。以环渤海地区为研究对象,对该地区1980、2000、2005、2013年的土地利用变化、ESV变化和流向损益进行了分析测算。结果表明:(1)1980—2013年,城镇化进程促使环渤海地区的土地利用结构发生明显变化,农田、森林、草地、湿地、荒漠的面积持续减少,建设用地一直增加,水域面积先增后降。(2)土地利用变化使环渤海地区ESV先略微增长后下降,2013年ESV为6 005亿元,相比1980年水平(6 504亿元)降低7.7%,其中建设用地转入造成ESV损失最大,1980—2013年建设用地转入造成损失585亿元,占ESV损失总量的45.9%;(3)调节服务是环渤海区域生态系统的主导性生态系统服务功能,其对ESV的贡献从1980年起一直超过65%。(4)环渤海地区ESV排名前3位的城市为丹东、天津和大连,除营口、东营、日照和潍坊外,其余城市的ESV一直处于下降趋势。(5)未来应通过避免"摊大饼式"发展和建立城镇化建设中生态补偿机制等方式推动环渤海地区城镇化建设和生态保护协调发展。     

农业景观格局与过程研究进展

当前景观生态学,包括对农业景观生态学的发展已经突破早期对格局—空间结构的描述,达到了对景观生态系统的过程分析阶段。尽管现在关于流或过程的研究大都是经验性的,而正是这些经验性的信息积累无疑会成为未来景观生态学原理形成的基础。进一步的发展应主要依赖概念公理体系的建立和技术的改进。     

洱海流域土壤侵蚀强度时空变化及景观格局分析

采用改进的土壤流失方程(RUSLE)及热点分析研究了洱海流域2000—2020年的土壤侵蚀强度时空变化,并应用Fragstats软件从类型水平与景观水平分析土壤侵蚀影响下的景观格局变化趋势。结果表明：(1)20年间,年平均土壤侵蚀模数持续下降,微度侵蚀类型面积增加,而更强侵蚀类型的面积减少,说明洱海流域土壤侵蚀状况得到改善。(2)随着坡度增大,洱海流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数先增大后减小,在坡度为15°～25°时达到最大。(3)2000—2020年,洱海流域的景观格局也得到了优化。     

日本陆地水域生态系统生物多样性及生态系统服务综合评价概述

基于日本生态系统综合评估框架模式、综合评价指标体系、评价过程中使用的调查监测数据(定量数据)和统计数据,从日本全境和陆地水域生态两个尺度,介绍日本生物多样性和生态系统服务状况综合评价工作。对比了日本2010年第一次综合评价报告与2016年第二次综合评价报告在评估框架、指标体系、评价结果上的差异。简要介绍了中国水生态环境质量评价工作的现状,探讨了日本生物多样性和生态系统服务状况综合评价工作对中国的借鉴意义。     

Land use change simulation and spatial analysis of ecosystem service value in Shijiazhuang under multi-scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simulating changes in the value of ecosystem services caused by land use changes in large cities under multiple scenarios is of great significance for...     

Dissecting the ecosystem service of large-scale pollutant retention: The role of wetlands and other landscape features

Various features of a landscape contribute to the regulating ecosystem service of reducing waterborne pollutant loading to downstream environments. At local scales, wetlands have been shown to be effective in retaining pollutants. Here, we investigate the landscape-scale contribution to pollutant retention provided by multiple wetlands. We develop a general analytical model which shows that the retention contribution of wetlands and other landscape features is only significant if a large fraction of the total waterborne pollutant transport passes through them. Next, by means of a statistical analysis of official data, we quantify the nutrient retention contribution of wetlands for multiple sub-catchments in two Swedish Water Management Districts. We compare this with the retention contribution of two other landscape features: the waterborne transport distance and major lakes. The landscape-scale retention contribution of wetlands is undetectable; rather, the other two landscape features account for much of the total nutrient retention.     

Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service value in Lijiang River Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is of great significance for the coordinated development of the environment and the economy to study the impact of the human driving factors of...     

Temporal and spatial analysis of the ecosystem service values in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China based on land use change

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) has complex geological conditions and a fragile ecological environment. The construction of the Three Gorges...     

Linking land degradation and restoration to ecosystem services balance by identifying landscape drivers: insights from the globally largest loess deposit area

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land degradation is one of the most serious environmental challenges that profoundly affects ecosystem services (ESs), which further threaten...     

Determining landscape function and ecosystem dynamics: contribution to ecological restoration in the southern Namib desert

The southern Namib is characterized by high biodiversity, changes in winter and summer rainfall, extreme climatic conditions and associated geomorphologic processes, a paucity of ecological knowledge, and multiple environmental threats posed by conflicting development options. With the long-term view to establish a research initiative focussing on restoration ecology in the southern Namib Desert, this article provides a review of current ecological knowledge and proposes potential research priorities. The aims of a research initiative would be two-fold. On the academic side, understanding processes operating at different scales will be critical to develop methods of ecological restoration suitable for southern Namib ecosystems. On the practical side, the development of appropriate methods will focus on facilitating ecological processes such as restoration of biologically active substrate, natural succession, and concentration of limited resources. The function of landscapes, plant-soil interface, soil-, vegetation- and plant population dynamics will likely provide some of the answers for ecological restoration.     

Historical and contemporary cultural ecosystem service values in the rapidly urbanizing city state of Singapore

Cultural ecosystem services are a function of people and place, so may change as a location transitions from rural to urban. Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization after its independence in 1965, with a concomitant decline in natural habitat extent and accessibility. Using coastal mangrove forests as a case study habitat, changing cultural values were explored with a novel array of techniques, including qualitative archival analysis (photographs, oral histories), current sources (publically uploaded social media photographs), and surveys of (a) the general public and (b) visitors to publically accessible mangroves. Cultural value changed through time, with a significant transition from intrinsic, intrapersonal values (spiritual, cultural heritage) to instrumental, interpersonal values (recreation, education). Additionally, cultural value varied between different mangroves depending on their public accessibility, and the evolving degree of human interaction with the ecosystem as urban development occured. Cultural values change as development transitions, though mangroves still play an important cultural role in a heavily urbanized environment.     

Spatial patterns and autocorrelation in the response of microarthropods to soil pollutants: The example of oribatid mites in an abandoned mining and smelting area

Although exogenous factors such as pollutants can act on endogenous drivers (e.g. dispersion) of populations and create spatially autocorrelated distributions, most statistical techniques assume independence of error terms. As there are no studies on metal soil pollutants and microarthropods that explicitly analyse this key issue, we completed a field study of the correlation between Oribatida and metal concentrations in litter, organic matter and soil in an attempt to account for spatial patterns of both metals and mites. The 50-m wide study area had homogenous macroscopic features, steep Pb and Cu gradients and high levels of Zn and Cd. Spatial models failed to detect metal–oribatid relationships because the observed latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in oribatid assemblages were independent of the collinear gradients in the concentration of metals. It is therefore hypothesised that other spatially variable factors (e.g. fungi, reduced macrofauna) affect oribatid assemblages, which may be influenced by metals only indirectly.     

Mapping bundles of ecosystem services reveals distinct types of multifunctionality within a Swedish landscape

Ecosystem services (ES) is a valuable concept to be used in the planning and management of social–ecological landscapes. However, the understanding of the determinant factors affecting the interaction between services in the form of synergies or trade-offs is still limited. We assessed the production of 16 ES across 62 municipalities in the Norrström drainage basin in Sweden. We combined GIS data with publically available information for quantifying and mapping the distribution of services. Additionally, we calculated the diversity of ES for each municipality and used correlations and k-means clustering analyses to assess the existence of ES bundles. We found five distinct types of bundles of ES spatially agglomerated in the landscape that could be explained by regional social and ecological gradients. Human-dominated landscapes were highly multifunctional in our study area and urban densely populated areas were hotspots of cultural services.     

Speciation of methylmercury in rice grown from a mercury mining area

Monomethylmercury (CH₃Hg⁺ and its complexes; MeHg hereafter) is a known developmental neurotoxin. Recent studies have shown that rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain grown from mercury (Hg) mining areas may contain elevated MeHg concentrations, raising concerns over the health of local residents who consume rice on a daily basis. An analytical method employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following enzymatic hydrolysis was developed to analyze the speciation of MeHg in uncooked and cooked white rice grain grown from the vicinity of a Hg mine in China. The results revealed that the MeHg in the uncooked rice is present almost exclusively as CH₃Hg-l-cysteinate (CH₃HgCys), a complex that is thought to be responsible for the transfer of MeHg across the blood-brain and placental barriers. Although cooking does not change the total Hg or total MeHg concentration in rice, no CH₃HgCys is measurable after cooking, suggesting that most, if not all, of the CH₃HgCys is converted to other forms of MeHg, the identity and toxicity of which remain elusive.