混合菌株对三溴苯酚的降解特性

为提高有害物质2,4,6-三溴苯酚（TBP）的有效生物降解效果,在比较了不同菌株对TBP的降解状况的基础上,着重考察了诱变菌株TBPY UMP-f与粘质沙雷氏菌株SMA混合降解TBP的效果.结果表明,混合菌株比单一菌株降解效果好.考察影响混合降解相关因素的结果表明,适宜条件为两菌接种比例1∶1,SMA适于在TBPY U...     

金属卟啉衍生物催化降解污染物研究进展

由于工业化和城市化的快速发展而带来的环境问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注.土壤和地下水中不断排放的持久性污染物,对人们的健康造成了极大的威胁,因此需要更加有效的策略来解决.卟啉类物质由于具有特殊的氧化还原性质和光敏性,已经被广泛用于有机污染物的去除.本文总结了金属卟啉的最新研究进展,对其在类芬顿和光催化领域的应用进行了详细的介绍,并且讨论了高价铁氧卟啉物种,单重态氧和超氧自由基的产生机理.最后,指出了现有研究的不足以及未来的发展方向.     

CuxZn1-xS/RGO复合材料的制备及其光催化降解环丙沙星性能研究

通过一步水热法制备了光催化剂Cu_xZn_(1-x)S/RGO,实现了Cu_xZn_(1-x)S纳米颗粒的可控生长和氧化石墨烯(GO)还原的同步进行,并将所制备的Cu_xZn_(1-x)S/RGO用于环丙沙星(CIP)的催化降解研究.采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合物的组成形貌进行表征.结果表明,球状的Cu_xZn_(1-x)S颗粒成功负载在石墨烯表面.Cu~(2+)的掺杂增强了Cu_xZn_(1-x)S/RGO光催化剂在可见光范围的响应,石墨烯的引入抑制了Cu_xZn_(1-x)S纳米颗粒的团聚,提高了光催化性能.此外,Cu_(0.1)Zn_(0.9)S/RGO_(10)对CIP的降解速率分别是ZnS、Cu_(0.1)Zn_(0.9)S的8倍和4.4倍.     

石墨烯改性Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛负载铁芬顿催化剂降解苯酚

采用高温回流法将石墨烯(gh)掺杂于Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛中,通过浸渍法制备了石墨烯改性Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛负载铁芬顿催化剂(gh-Al-MCM-41-Fe),利用比表面仪、扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDX)对催化剂进行了表征,考察了不同p H条件下该催化剂对苯酚的催化降解效能.结果表明,gh-Al-MCM-41-Fe催化剂具有介孔结构,表明颗粒分布均匀,石墨烯的掺杂减小了颗粒粒径,与多种催化剂(非介孔Al2O3-Cu Al2O4、介孔Al2O3-Cu、介孔Al2O3-Fe、介孔Al-MCM-41-Fe)相比,gh-Al-MCM-41-Fe具有最高的苯酚催化降解效能,反应符合一级反应特征,石墨烯的掺杂能明显提高苯酚降解率和COD去除率,减少铁的溶出,拓宽p H范围,当p H值为3—5,反应90 min,COD去除率达到60%以上.     

氧化石墨烯及其复合材料去除水体抗生素的研究进展

由于具有优异的抗菌性,抗生素被广泛应用于医学领域和养殖行业。然而,近年来对抗生素大规模的使用和排放,在自然界造成了大量的累积,引发了一系列水环境污染问题,严重威胁生态系统安全和人类健康。因此,研发可去除水中过量抗生素的材料已成为当前环境领域的重要研究方向之一。氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide,GO）以其高比表面积、良好亲水性、耐酸碱性、制备简便、成本低廉等优势,成为了一种新兴的抗生素去除材料。该文首先概述了现有的GO及其复合材料分类制备方法,包括空间改造、共价键修饰和金属氧化物改性等。其次,综述了近年来GO及其复合材料在抗生素去除领域的应用、影响因素及作用机制。结果表明,基于吸附原理的GO复合材料吸附去除抗生素效果主要受溶液p H、共存离子、吸附剂投加量、抗生素类别及浓度等多种因素的影响,吸附机制主要包括静电相互作用、π-π相互作用、阳离子-π键作用和氢键作用等,通过引入元素、金属和有机化合物等手段可有效提高GO材料的吸附容量;基于光催化降解原理的抗生素去除过程中,光照条件是最重要影响因素,而其中关键活性物质包括光生空穴、羟基自由基和超氧自由基等,掺杂金属纳米粒子与半导体纳米材...     

芬顿及光芬顿法降解氟喹诺酮类抗生素研究进展

氟喹诺酮类抗生素的广泛使用导致其在环境中被广泛检出.现有的污水处理工艺无法有效去除废水中的氟喹诺酮类抗生素,而高效的降解方法对于控制氟喹诺酮类抗生素的污染至关重要.芬顿法能够降解大多数难处理有机污染物,同时具有适用范围广、抗干扰能力强、操作简单和污染物降解迅速等优点.本文综述了芬顿和光芬顿反应降解氟喹诺酮类抗生素的最新...     

纳米TiO_2多孔微粒阳光催化降解活性艳蓝染料

首次利用高分子悬浮聚合与溶胶-凝胶法相结合的技术,成功地制备不同孔结构的TiO2多孔微粒,并对其光催化降解活性艳蓝KN-R的染料溶液pH、无机阴离子、光强、通空气等影响因素进行了系统研究。结果表明:强酸性条件有利于染料在催化剂表面的吸附,而强碱性条件有利于催化反应的进行;常见无机阴离子Cl-、SO42-,对染料降解有不同程度的抑制作用;染料降解效率随光强增加而提高;光降解动力学结果表明:TiO2多孔微粒对活性艳蓝KN-R染料的光催化降解反应符合一级反应动力学;降解时持续通空气有利于降解效率的提高。实验证明所制得的微粒具有良好的光催化降解效果和重复使用性能。     

TiO_2纳米管的制备和光催化降解有毒有机污染物

采用水热法制备TiO2纳米管,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对TiO2纳米管进行表征.并以有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)和2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)进行光催化反应,结果表明,TiO2纳米管催化剂对RhB和2,4-DCP有很好的降解效果.通过紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)分析和总有机碳(TOC)测定,发现TiO2纳米管/UV体系能使RhB和2,4-DCP发生有效的降解,反应12h后,RhB和2,4-DCP的矿化率分别达到100%和97.12%.同时,采用辣根过氧化物酶(POD)、N,N-二乙基对苯二胺(DPD)分光光度法和苯甲酸荧光光度法分别测定了降解过程中H202和羟基自由基(·OH)的变化,表明TiO2纳米管光催化机理涉及到·OH历程.     

ZIF-8/CdS复合材料对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解

为了改善CdS的光腐蚀,提高利用性,通过在CdS表面构建2-甲基咪唑配体,成功的合成了一种可见光驱动的ZIF-8包裹CdS的复合光催化剂.结构和形貌分析表明,通过在CdS周围原位沉积ZIF-8,形成了具有丰富孔隙率和较高比表面积的复合光催化剂.光催化实验结果表明,ZIF-8的形成不仅可以提高CdS的光稳定性,还可以增强对亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附能力,同时ZIF-8与CdS形成的异质结构对MB的降解有明显的促进作用,对15 mg·L^-1的MB的去除率为99%,在3个循环过程中光催化能力几乎没有损失.     

钛掺杂氧化铋紫外光催化降解水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)

通过水热法制备了Ti(Ⅳ)掺杂Bi_2O_3(BTO),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其形貌和结构进行表征,并考察了钛掺杂氧化铋光催化降解水中PFOA的降解效果,发现PFOA的降解符合一级反应动力学,其降解速率常数为-0.2 h~(-1),比商业用纳米二氧化钛P25提高了6.8倍.表征结果证明,BTO存在多孔结构,能够增加反应活性位点,提高光催化活性面积.同时,自由基捕获实验和中间产物分析表明,光生空穴对PFOA的断链分解起决定性作用;同时Bi—O—Ti表面基团吸附PFOA并弱化了C—F键,导致光生电子可自由移至C—F键上并实现还原脱氟;光生电子和空穴在功能上相互配合,实现了对PFOA的协同降解;PFOA的降解过程受还原性物质主导,通过C—C键的断裂生成短链全氟羧酸类物质.     

钴负载MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中氯代苯甲酸

通过水热法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co负载MCM-41分子筛催化剂(Co/MCM-41).小角X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、N2吸附-脱附等温线及透射电镜(TEM)等对催化剂的成分、结构的表征结果显示,Co/MCM-41保持了纯硅MCM-41有序的介孔结构,钴元素以钴氧化物形式存在,比表面达到772 m.2g-1.将Co/MCM-41分子筛用于催化臭氧氧化水中对氯苯甲酸(p-CBA)的研究,结果表明,在优化条件下(2%负载量和25℃反应温度),催化剂的加入显著改善了TOC去除率,达到84.6%,是单独臭氧氧化的1.6倍.     

Catalytic urea hydrolysis by composite metal oxide catalyst towards efficient urea-based SCR process: performance evaluation and mechanism investigation

● Bimetallic oxide composite catalyst was designed for the urea-based SCR process. ● Surface chemical state and typical microstructure of catalyst was determined. ● Reaction route was improved based on intermediates and active site identification. ● TiO₂@Al₂O₃ presents an obvious promotion for urea hydrolysis. As a promising option to provide gaseous NH₃ for SCR system, catalytic urea hydrolysis has aroused great attention, and improving surface area and activity of catalysis are the crucial issues to be solved for efficient urea hydrolysis. Therefore, a composite metal oxide (TiO₂@Al₂O₃) catalyst was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, with mesoporous alumina (γ-Al₂O₃) as substrate. The results verify the mesoporous structure and submicron cluster of TiO₂@Al₂O₃, with exposed crystal faces of (101) and (400) for TiO₂ and γ-Al₂O₃, respectively. The electronegativity difference of Ti⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ changes the charge distribution scheme around the interface, which provides abundant acid/base sites to boost the urea hydrolysis. Consequently, for an optimal proportioning with nano TiO₂ content at 10 wt.%, the hydrolysis efficiency can reach up to 35.2 % at 100 °C in 2 h, increasing by ~7.1 % than that of the blank experiment. ¹³C NMR spectrum measurements provide the impossible intermediate species during urea hydrolysis. Theoretical calculations are performed to clarify the efficient H₂O decomposition at the interface of TiO₂@Al₂O₃. The result offers a favorable technology for energy-efficiency urea hydrolysis.     

Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by CuMgAl layered double oxide for catalytic degradation of sulfameter

In this study, a series of CuMgAl layered double oxides (CuMgAl-LDOs) were obtained via calcination of CuMgAl layered double hy-droxides (CuMgAl-LDHs) synthesised via a co-precipitation method. The results show that CuMgAl-LDO can be prepared using an optimal Cu:Mg:Al molar ratio of 3:3:2, NaOH:Na2CO3 molar ratio of 2:1, and calcination temperature of 600 °C. CuMgAl-LDO is a char-acteristic of mesoporous material with a lamellar structure and large specific surface area. The removal efficiency of sulfameter (SMD) based on CuMgAl-LDO/persulfate (PS) can reach>98％over a wide range of initial SMD concentrations (5–20 mg L-1). The best removal efficiency of 99.49％was achieved within 120 min using 10 mg L-1 SMD, 0.3 g L-1 CuMgAl-LDO, and 0.7 mmol L-1 PS. Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of SMD was in accordance with a quasi-first-order kinetic model. The stability of the CuMgAl-LDO catalyst was verified by the high SMD removal efficiency (> 97％ within 120 min) observed after five recycling tests and low copper ion leaching concentration (0.89 mg L-1), which is below drinking water quality standard of 1.3 mg L-1 permittable in the U.S. Radical scavenging experiments suggest that SO·4- is the primary active species participating in the CuMgAl-LDO/PS system. Moreover, our mechanistic investigations based on the radical scavenging tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that Cu(II)–Cu(III)–Cu(II) circulation is responsible for activating PS in the degradation of SMD and the degradation pathway for SMD was deduced. Accordingly, the results presented in this work demonstrate that CuMgAl-LDO may be an efficient and stable catalyst for the activation of PS during the degradation of organic pollutants. ? 2020, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communi-cations Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).     

Visible light photocatalytic degradation of microplastic residues with zinc oxide nanorods

Microplastics have recently become a major environmental issue due to their ubiquitous distribution, uncontrolled environmental occurrences, small sizes and long lifetimes. Actual remediation methods include filtration, incineration and advanced oxidation processes such as ozonation, but those methods require high energy or generate unwanted by-products. Here we tested the degradation of fragmented, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastic residues, by visible light-induced heterogeneous photocatalysis activated by zinc oxide nanorods. The reaction was monitored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analyser and optical imaging. Results show a 30% increase of the carbonyl index of residues, and an increase of brittleness accompanied by a large number of wrinkles, cracks and cavities on the surface. The degree of oxidation was directly proportional to the catalyst surface area. A mechanism for polyethylene degradation is proposed.

     

Comparison of inorganic and composite ferric oxide sorbents for arsenic removal

Three different sorbents based on hydrated ferric oxide (GEH, ArsenX^np and Lewatit FO 36) were compared from the viewpoints of their column operation. Particle size distribution, pressure drop across the column and ferric oxide content were measured. Sorption capacities under the presence of accompanying ions were measured in batch wise and column experiments.     

钙基复合氧化物对五氯酚生成二噁英的阻滞作用

以市售的Ca O为阻滞剂,分别添加Mg O、Ce O2、Ba O、γ-Al2O3金属氧化物形成钙基复合氧化物,通过探究它们对前驱体五氯酚(PCP)生成PCDD/Fs反应的阻滞作用,讨论了Mg O、Ce O2、Ba O、γ-Al2O3金属氧化物对Ca O阻滞作用的影响.结果表明,在280℃下加热2 h,钙基复合氧化物对PCP生成PCDD/Fs的阻滞活性都很高.在PCDD/Fs的生成总量上,Ce O2、Ba O、γ-Al2O3金属氧化物对Ca O的阻滞效果起到促进作用;但在ITEQ方面,仅Ba O对Ca O的阻滞效果有促进作用.Ca O与Ba O钙基复合氧化物对PCP生成PCDD/Fs的阻滞效率达到99.98%,总毒性当量阻滞效率TSEI-TEQ达到99.62%.钙基复合氧化物可能的阻滞机理是Ca O、Mg O、Ce O2、Ba O、γ-Al2O3均具有一定的碱性,能与酚类前驱体发生中和反应,阻滞了Ullman反应的发生,进而减少了PCDD/Fs的生成.     

Polysulfide nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel for efficient solar-driven water purification

Along with the environmental pollution, the scarcity of clean water seriously threatens the sustainable development of human society.Recently, the rapid development of solar evaporators has injected new vitality into the field of water purification. However, the industry faces a considerable challenge of achieving comprehensive purification of ions, especially the efficient removal of mercury ions. In this work, we introduce an ideal mercury-removal platform based on facilely and cost-effectivel...     

石油污染物的微生物降解研究

以炼油厂污水池底泥中分离的3株细菌和3株真菌为供试微生物,陕北黄土(0～20 cm)制备的土壤悬浮液为土壤微生物对照,灭菌培养基为非生物降解对照,研究不同组合微生物的生长动态及对石油烃的降解率.将不同组合的微生物接种到石油烃质量浓度为10000 mg·L-1的液体培养基中,29 ℃±1 ℃,摇床连续培养50 d.于0 ～72 h内取样,进行微生物生长动态检测;于5～50 d定期取样,考察培养基中石油烃降解率的动态变化.结果表明:单独外源菌降解效果优于混合外源菌和土著微生物,25 d后土著微生物生物降解率超过混合外源菌.外源细菌、外源真菌、混合外源菌和土著微生物50 d生物降解率分别为71.54 %,60.13 %,47.26 %和51.49 %.土壤细菌对石油污染物具有较强的生长适应性,外源细菌降解效果最好.