Adsorption of copper and nickel on Na-bentonite

The removal of copper and nickel from aqueous solution on the Na-bentonite has been studied under static conditions. Experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, dosage of Na-bentonite, contact time and temperature. The adsorption equilibrium for nickel and copper onto Na-bentonite is reached in 200 min. The adsorption of copper and nickel is pH dependent in the pH range 2–9. The kinetic process of adsorption can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation excellently and the adsorption isotherm be fitted to the Langmuir model by means of regression analyses very well. The adsorption capacities follow the order of Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ in single-component systems and competitive adsorption capacities in order decreasing is Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ in binary-component systems.     

Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions by raw and treated biomass of maize stover – A comparative study

The potential to remove Pb(II) ion from wastewater treatment systems using raw and treated maize stover through adsorption was investigated in batch experiments. To achieve this, batch mode experiments were conducted choosing specific parameters such as pH (2–8), dosage concentration (2–30 g L⁻¹), contact time (5–180 min), temperature (20–45 °C) and metal ion concentrations (10–50 mg L⁻¹). Adsorption was pH-dependent showing a maximum at pH value 5. The equilibrium sorption capacities of raw and treated maize stover were 19.65 and 27.10 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Consequently, this study demonstrated that both raw and treated maize stover could be used as adsorbents for the treatment of Pb(II) from industrial wastewaters.     

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite/clay and hydroxyapatite/pumice composites for tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions

Synthesized hydroxyapatite/clay (HA-C) and hydroxyapatite/pumice (HA-P) composites were used for tetracycline (TC) uptake studies from aqueous solution and their uptake capacities were compared. HA-C and HA-P composites were synthesized by precipitation method and the structures of the synthesized composites were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET analyses. Cation exchange capacities of HA-C and HA-P were found to be 84 meq/100 g and 33 meq/100 g, respectively. The TC adsorption using HA-C and HA-P was studied on batch mode. Various parameters such as contact time, solution pH, initial TC concentration, composite dosage, salinity and temperature were optimized. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity onto HA-C was found to be 76.02 mg/g and about four times larger than the adsorption capacity of the HA-P (17.87 mg/g). The results indicated that the TC uptake onto HA-C and HA-P composites is mainly by a surface complexation and ion-exchange mechanism which depend on the solution pH. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the TC adsorption is favorable, physicochemical in nature. The sorption process follows pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The TC adsorption mechanism by HA-C and HA-P has been proposed.     

改性松木锯末吸附富营养化水体中磷的研究

采用改性松木锯末作为吸附剂,对富营养化水体的模拟水样中的磷进行吸附去除研究。实验结果表明,改性松木锯末对磷的吸附作用主要发生在15 min内,吸附时间超过15 min吸附量趋于平衡状态;p H值由4.0上升到6.0,改性松木锯末对磷的去除率增长较快,由6.0上升到9.0,去除率基本处于稳定状态;磷浓度在0.5~5 mg/L的低浓度范围内,改性松木锯末对磷的去除率均可达到95%以上;改性松木锯末的最佳投加量为0.4 g/L。用Freundlich吸附等温线方程能准确地描述改性松木锯末对磷吸附的特征,吸附等温线方程为q=5.11 C~(1/0.523)。     

Comparison studies of adsorption properties of MgO nanoparticles and ZnO–MgO nanocomposites for linezolid antibiotic removal from aqueous solution using response surface methodology

In this investigation, the adsorption measure of linezolid antibiotic onto MgO nanoparticles and ZnO–MgO nanocomposites were performed. The adsorbents were characterized by different techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM and BET. The parameters influence such as the pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature was tested and evaluated by Box–Behnken Design combined with response surface methodology. Performing adsorption tests at optimal conditions set as 0.5 g L⁻¹ of adsorbent, pH 10 and 308 K make admit to obtain high adsorption turnover (123.45 and 140.28 mg g⁻¹ for MgO nanoparticles and ZnO–MgO nanocomposites, respectively). A good compromise between predicted and experimental data in this research was observed. The experimental equilibrium data fitting to Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models indicate that the Langmuir model is a best model for evaluation of adsorption behavior. Kinetic evaluation of experimental data indicated that the adsorption operations followed well pseudo-second-order models. The adsorption capacity of ZnO–MgO nanocomposites is higher than MgO nanoparticles that because of the ZnO–MgO nanocomposites have high specific surface area.     

Biosorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution using Chrysanthemum indicum: Kinetics,equilibrium and thermodynamics

The present study investigates the adsorption potential of Chrysanthemum indicum flower in its raw (CIF-R) and biochar (CIF-BC) form for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized for their surface area using BET analysis, surface morphology and elemental composition with SEM-EDAX and for the presence of functional groups by FTIR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters, viz. pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, stirring speed, presence of interfering ions and temperature on the adsorption of Co(II) ion using both the adsorbents. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Co(II) ion was ascertained to be pH 5 for both adsorbents, adsorbent dose of 4 g/L and 3 g/L, equilibrium time of 60 min and 45 min, respectively, for CIF-R and CIF-BC. The maximum adsorption capacity of CIF-R and CIF-BC was found to be 14.84 mg/g and 45.44 mg/g, respectively, for the removal of Co(II) ion. The mechanism of adsorption was studied using different models of adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics. It was inferred that Co(II) adsorption on both CIF-R and CIF-BC followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model with the process being spontaneous and endothermic in nature.     

蔬菜废弃物基生物炭对铅的吸附特性

以蔬菜废弃物(芹菜)为原料,采用限氧裂解法制备了500℃下的蔬菜废弃物基生物炭,利用SEM扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析、CHN元素分析、FTIR红外光谱、比表面积及孔径分析等方法表征生物炭的物理化学性质,探究生物炭对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性及其影响因素。结果表明,500℃下制备的废弃芹菜生物炭孔隙较少,具有较小的比表面积和丰富的官能团。废弃芹菜生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)具有良好的吸附效果,在初始pH值为5、投加量为0.8 g/L、初始质量浓度为400 mg/L时,其最大吸附量为240.5 mg/g,且投加量、初始质量浓度和体系pH值的影响强烈。废弃芹菜生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附在5 min内达到平衡,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型(R~20.99),表明其吸附速率主要受化学作用控制。同时吸附速率还受初始质量浓度的影响,初始质量浓度越低,吸附过程越先达到平衡。在试验范围内,等温吸附Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型都适合描述废弃芹菜生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程。     

Biosorption of zinc(II) on rapeseed waste: Equilibrium studies and thermogravimetric investigations

The removal of heavy metals from aqueous effluents so as to avoid their toxic, bioaccumulation and biomagnification effects to humans and environment is usually realized by means of physical, chemical treatment, and biological processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of rapeseed waste from biodiesel production as a biosorbent for Zn(II) ions.The ability of the rapeseed waste for Zn(II) biosorption exhibited a maximum at pH 4.5–5. The removal efficiency of Zn(II) from solution with an initial concentration of 72 mg L⁻¹ varied from 39% to 89% for an increase of the rapeseed waste dose from 2 to 30 g L⁻¹. The amount of Zn(II) retained on the tested rapeseed increased with increasing metal ion concentration, but the Zn(II) sorption percentage decreased. The equilibrium data are fitted to the Langmuir isotherm better than to the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics of Zn(II) biosorption process follows a pseudo-second order model. The thermal stability of the rapeseed before and after Zn(II) biosorption was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the zinc loaded rapeseed exhibits a better initial thermal stability than the original rapeseed, presumably due to the cross linking generated by the intermolecular complexation of Zn(II) ions. In both cases, the thermal decomposition takes place according to some reassembling kinetic models, in two phases with order n reactions. The results of this study strongly suggest the possibility to use rapeseed as an effective biosorbent for Zn(II) ions removal from aqueous effluents (municipal/industrial wastewaters).     

Adsorptive removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modified bentonite clay (organoclay): Kinetic and competitive adsorption isotherm

Cationic surfactant (Hexadecyltrimenthylammonium chloride) modified bentonite clay was prepared and systematically studied for its adsorption behavior as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous phase. Organo modified clay shows better capacity for the removal of three dyes. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on pH and initial dye concentration. The maximum dye sorption was found to be at a pH of 9.0 (99.99% for MB, 95.0% for CV and 83.0% for RB). The adsorption capacity for the dyes was found to be 399.74, 365.11 and 324.36 μmol/g for MB, CV and RB, respectively at 30 °C. The equilibrium uptake was attained within 240 min. The kinetic studies were revealed that sorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicates chemisorption between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. Adsorption isotherm indicates non-energetically adsorption sites which fit with Freundlich isotherm model. The fitness of kinetics and isotherm models was evaluated by using HYBRID error analysis function. Competitive adsorptions of dyes were studied by using binary component systems.     

新型凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和刚果红的吸附研究

利用海藻酸钠和氯化钙的凝胶化,包埋制备有机凹凸棒土颗粒(GOAT)吸附剂,通过批量实验考察了制备的吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝(MB)、刚果红(CR)的吸附行为。实验结果表明,GOAT对MB和CR的吸附行为都更符合准二级吸附动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langumir方程。吸附量的大小与溶液的初始p H值有关,且增加盐浓度,GOAT的吸附能力增加。     

苯乙烯系双腈胺螯合树脂对水相中As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能研究

将PS-DCDA树脂用于水相中As(Ⅴ)的吸附净化处理,探讨了溶液的pH值、初始As(Ⅴ)质量浓度、接触时间、温度、NaCl、竞争性阴离子等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线、动力学和热力学。结果表明,NaCl和竞争性阴离子(Cl-、SO24-、CO23-、NO3-、HPO24-等)明显地抑制了PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附。PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,准二级吸附动力学方程能够很好地描述As(Ⅴ)在树脂上的吸附动力学行为。粒子内扩散方程表明,表面吸附和内部扩散参与到As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程当中。PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的热力学参数表明,PS-DCDA树脂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附是自发的、吸热的过程。已吸附As(Ⅴ)的PS-DCDA树脂可以用0.1 mol/L NaOH有效解吸,解吸后的树脂对As(Ⅴ)仍具有较高的吸附量。     

Absorption kinetics of NO from simulated flue gas using Fe(II)EDTA solutions

The absorption of NO encountering flue gases in aqueous solutions of Fe(II)EDTA was determined using a semi-batch stirred tank with a plane gas–liquid interface at 50 °C. The concentrations of NO, SO₂ and O₂ in the feeding stream were 300–800 ppm, 500–2200 ppm and 0–20%, respectively. The pH value of the Fe(II)EDTA solutions varied from 3 to 11. The concentrations of Fe(II)EDTA were maintained between 0.01 and 0.05 M. Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on the NO absorption rate, the reaction kinetics of the reactants in gas and liquid phases, and the effect of competition between various reactants on the mass transfer rate in the NO removal system. Results indicate that the average reaction rate constant is 3.70 × 10⁷ M⁻¹ s⁻¹. Adding NaOH does not increase the absorption capability of Fe(II)EDTA. The presence of O₂ decreases the NO absorption rate with Fe(II)EDTA. The absorption rate of NO with Fe(II)EDTA decreases at low concentrations of SO₂, but increases at high concentrations.     

改性无烟煤去除水中内分泌干扰物的性能探究

以KOH为改性剂对无烟煤改性,研究了改性前后无烟煤对3种内分泌干扰物EDCs(17α-乙炔基雌二醇EE2、双酚A BPA、磺胺甲噁唑SMZ)的吸附性能。结果表明,KOH改性对无烟煤的孔结构和表面性质产生影响,提高了无烟煤对3种EDCs的吸附量,其中对EE2的吸附量提高了近2倍。3种EDCs在改性前后2种无烟煤上的吸附过程均可用伪二级动力学描述,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,表现为化学吸附。改性前后2种无烟煤对EE2均表现出最高吸附能力,平衡吸附量(qe)分别为0.214 7μg/mg与0.622 9μg/mg;其次是BPA;最差是SMZ,qe仅为0.095 9μg/mg与0.124 2μg/mg。进一步研究表明,目标物的吸附情况与其憎水性质和分子结构有关,无烟煤吸附目标物的能力与其正辛醇/水分配系数正相关。     

磁性CoFe2O4/MgAl-LDH的制备及对水中刚果红的去除

采用水热法制备了CoFe_2O_4,采用化学共沉淀法将镁铝水滑石(Mg Al-LDH)覆盖在CoFe_2O_4上,制成磁性CoFe_2O_4/Mg Al-LDH复合材料,用于去除水中阴离子染料刚果红。考察了溶液p H值、吸附时间、共存阴离子等对吸附过程的影响,研究了CoFe_2O_4/Mg Al-LDH对刚果红吸附动力学、吸附等温线。结果表明,溶液p H值、共存离子对CoFe_2O_4/Mg Al-LDH去除刚果红效果的影响较小。吸附剂对刚果红的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,且在吸附时间180 min内基本达到吸附平衡。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,CoFe_2O_4/Mg Al-LDH对刚果红的理论最大吸附容量为610.8 mg/g。     

炭化小麦秸秆对水中氨氮吸附性能的研究

用直接炭化法制备了小麦秸秆吸附剂,并通过静态吸附试验研究了炭化小麦秸秆对氨氮的吸附性能和影响因素。结果表明:直接炭化法制备小麦秸秆吸附剂的最佳炭化温度为300℃;在试验的pH值范围内,pH=9时炭化小麦秸秆对氨氮的吸附去除最好;300℃时炭化小麦秸秆吸附不同质量浓度(ρ=30 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L)氨氮的动力学曲线符合准二级动力学模型,吸附常数k2分别为0.681 8g/(mg.min)、0.747 4 g/(mg.min)、1.025 0 g/(mg.min);直接炭化小麦秸秆吸附剂对氨氮吸附去除的最佳温度是30℃;不同温度下的吸附等温线可用Freundlich吸附等温方程进行拟合;由吸附热力学方程计算得到的等量吸附焓变ΔH>0,吸附自由能变ΔG<0,吸附熵变ΔS>0,表明炭化小麦秸秆对氨氮的吸附为吸热的和熵增加的自发过程,且属于物理吸附。     

食物废弃物基吸附剂对水中重金属的吸附

研究用食物废弃物制得的吸附剂(FRA)对水中多种重金属的吸附,并研究酒石酸钾钠对FRA吸附重金属的影响,探讨影响的机理。结果表明,两种重金属离子共存体系中重金属离子的竞争吸附系数相当,均在0.46~0.54之间。增加共存重金属种类减弱FRA对重金属的吸附效果。初始浓度较低时,竞争吸附对FRA吸附量的影响较小。较低p H值时酒石酸钾钠的浓度对重金属Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)及Cd~(2+)的吸附去除效果影响更大。FRA对Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir等温式。     

改性粉煤灰处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

实验研究了工业废弃物改性粉煤灰对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响因素,讨论了pH值、浓度、温度及时间对吸附量的影响。讨论了反应机理,计算反应热力学参数(焓、自由能、熵)。实验结果表明,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,反应温度303 K,pH=1时,吸附量最大为0.47 mg/g。吸附过程符合兰格缪尔等温吸附。吸附过程为自发进行的放热反应。反应温度为303 K时,反应过程的焓值为-3.529 kJ/mol,自由能-4.664kJ/mol,熵3.746 J/(mol.K)。反应动力学过程表明反应符合准二级动力学反应。     

Adsorptive efficacy analysis of lignocellulosic waste carbonaceous adsorbents toward different mercury species

Adsorptive efficacy of lignocellulosic waste char (LW-CHAR) and activated carbon (LW-AC) toward inorganic (Hg²⁺) and organic (MeHg⁺) mercury ions was studied. The LW-CHAR and LW-AC were, respectively, prepared by carbonization and KOH activation processes of lignocellulosic waste (LW) carried out at 700 °C. The Hg²⁺ adsorption onto the LW-CHAR was lower than LW-AC, however, an opposite result was observed for the MeHg⁺ indicating the nature of the surface interactions of both mercury ions to respective adsorbent surfaces was significantly different. The adsorption data analysis of both mercury ions was found however to only follow the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models whereby a combination of chemisorption and diffusional process was the governing mercury ions adsorption mechanism.     

Isotherm and kinetic studies for the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution by Alhaji maurorum seed

Cadmium is an extremely toxic metal commonly found in industrial regions. Anthropogenic activity is the most important factor causing its interference to water, soil and air resources. The aim of many researches is to present remediation strategy or to remove cadmium from contaminated resources through an economical and efficient method. Cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution using Alhaji maurorum seed adsorbent has been investigated and optimized in this study. Moreover, isotherm and kinetics of adsorption process was studied. The seeds are washed by distilled water after separation from the plant, and then dried in room temperature for 48 h. They are powdered by grinder and passed through sieve no.18 as well. Adsorption process was optimized in 4 steps regarding pH, contact time, adsorption dose and initial concentration of cadmium effects. The cadmium concentration in solution was measured using ICP-OES method. The results of optimization tests showed that the optimum condition of cadmium adsorption (85.5% removal) occurs at pH of 6.5 with 20 g/L of adsorption dose for 45 min. In addition, the efficiency of adsorption process increases as the cadmium concentration reduces in the initial solution. Adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.99, respectively. According to the findings of this analysis, it was concluded that A. maurorum seed is a good biological adsorbent for adsorbing cadmium from aqueous solution.     

有机膨润土对溶液中阿莫西林的吸附性能研究

应用膨润土吸附阿莫西林,探讨了4种吸附剂的吸附效果,并以改性十六烷基三甲基铵盐(DK1)为试验材料,研究了吸附时间、溶液pH值、投加量、初始质量浓度和温度等因素对有机膨润土吸附溶液中阿莫西林效果的影响。结果表明,在自然pH值条件下,DK1的吸附剂效果最佳,且吸附在15min内快速达到平衡。吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,同时符合Freundlich、Langmuir和Temkin型等温吸附方程,是个吸热的过程,Langmuir理论最大吸附容量在30℃时可达27.86mg/g。对等温方程的研究表明,DK1对阿莫西林的吸附呈单分子层形式,吸附性能良好,易于进行。