Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.     

废植物热解制气制油制炭的研究

主要考察了不同废植物的热解产气产油（液）产炭效果及不同过程条件的热解产气产油产炭效果。可用作热解制气制油制炭的废植物包括一切草木本植物,含有大量的木质素和纤维素,属于可再生能源。废植物热解制气制油制炭,可以使大量的被遗弃废植物得到充分利用,变废为宝,同时,可以帮助解决未来可能出现的能源危机,为废弃物的资源化、为未来的能源发展提供了新的方向。另外,由于废植物的广泛可取,废植物热解制气特别适用于在中小城市和农村推广应用,改善人们的生活条件和居住环境,进一步缩小城乡差距,为国家的经济发展做出贡献。     

流化床燃烧温度下N2O与石油焦焦炭多相反应动力学的热重研究

采用升温热重方法研究了流化床温度条件下N2O与石油焦焦炭的多相反应动力学特性,实验中设置升温范围为973～1273K,升温速率为5K·min-1.估算及灰色关联分析的结果表明,在流化床工况下,N2O与石油焦焦炭间的多相反应由内扩散过程控制,尤其是气体在石油焦焦炭中孔中的扩散对于多相反应的进行具有重要作用.同时,采用Coats-Redfern法对升温热重数据进行了分析,得到了4种不同石油焦焦炭(JM char、ZH char、WH char和GH char)的动力学机理及动力学参数,JM char、ZH char、WH char和GH char的活化能分别为128.9、113.8、154.1和127.3 kJ·mol-1.     

Simultaneous removal of gaseous CO and elemental mercury over Cu-Co modified activated coke at low temperature

Cu-Co multiple-oxides modified on HNO₃-pretreated activated coke (AC_N) were optimized for the simultaneous removal of gaseous CO and elemental mercury (Hg⁰) at low temperature (< 200 °C). It was found that 2%CuOx-10%CoOx/AC_N catalyst calcined at 400°C resulted in the coexistence of complex oxides including CuO, Cu₂O, Co₃O₄, Co₂O₃ and CoO phases, which might be good for the simultaneous catalytic oxidation of CO by Co-species and removal of Hg⁰ by Cu-species, benefiting from the synergistic catalysis during the electro-interaction between Co and Cu cations (CoO ? Co₃O₄ and Cu₂O ? CuO). The catalysis removal of CO oxidation was obviously depended on the reaction temperature obtaining 94.7% at 200 °C, while no obvious promoting effect on the Hg⁰ removal (68.3%-78.7%). These materials were very substitute for the removal of CO and Hg° from the flue gas with the conditions of 8–20 vol.% O₂ and flue-gas temperature below 200 °C. The removal of Hg° followed the combination processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation reaction via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, while the catalysis of CO abided by the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism with lattice oxygen species.     

高温热水解对高含固污泥中磷的形态转化影响

通过正交实验、单因素温度影响实验,利用SMT磷分级提取法研究了高温热水解后高含固污泥中磷的形态转化.结果表明,120℃~160℃的高温热水解可以将高含固污泥中14.80%以上的有机磷转化为无机磷,影响因素对无机磷/总磷的影响大小顺序为：热水解温度 > 热水解时间 > 氧化剂含量 > pH值,随着温度的升高,高含固污泥中无机磷/总磷也从79.13%增加至95.87%;当热水解温度为160℃、时间为40min时,高含固污泥中无机磷含量由原泥的18.30mg/g增至20.49mg/g,无机磷/总磷由80.83%增至96.97%.结果为实现污泥中磷的回收利用奠定基础,同时为“高温热水解+高含固厌氧消化”工艺的优化提供新思路.     

焦化废水中有机污染物经厌氧酸化后对好氧生物降解性能的影响

 采用厌氧酸化处理间歇装置和瓦勃氏微量呼吸测压仪，对萘等10种焦化废水中有机污染物进行厌氧酸化后好氧生物降解性能的研究。研究表明，受试的有机物经过厌氧酸化处理后均发生了不同程度的转化。萘、吡咯、咪唑、喹啉、吲哚生物氧化率有明显提高；联苯、三联苯、吡啶、咔唑从对好氧微生物的抑制状态转化为易于生物降解的物质；吩噻嗪抑制作用解除，但仍是难以生物降解物质。     

粉末活性焦对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能

以蒙东褐煤为原料,通过沉降炉炭化活化一步法制备了粉末活性焦（COKE）,其具有丰富的孔隙结构,以微孔为主,占据比表面积的79.3%.考察了活性焦对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能,并进一步研究了吸附时间、温度、初始pH值、初始磷酸盐浓度、活性焦投加量和共存离子对吸附过程的影响,以及吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学特征.结果表明：活性焦对水体中的磷酸盐具有良好的吸附性能.在30℃,pH=7的条件下,利用20.00g/L活性焦吸附1mg/L磷酸盐溶液,60min即可达到吸附平衡,此时吸附率可达89.4%.当吸附温度越高（10~40℃）,活性焦投加量越大,溶液pH值在6~7时,活性焦对水中磷酸盐的去除效果越好.共存离子的存在（NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、CO₃^2-）对活性焦吸附磷酸盐有抑制作用.活性焦对磷酸盐溶液的吸附过程较好符合Freundlich模型（R²>0.99）和准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）,最大吸附容量为1.746mg/g（30℃）,并通过热力学分析发现此过程为自发的吸热反应.利用傅立叶红外光谱分析进一步表明,活性焦吸附磷酸盐主要依靠配位交换.与活性炭相比,活性焦性价比更高,具有良好的应用前景.     

活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的吸附及影响因素研究

垃圾渗滤液经预处理后与城市污水混合进行生物处理是较为有效的方法,但垃圾渗滤液中含大量难降解有机物,严重影响了城镇污水处理厂出水COD.因此,需强化垃圾渗滤液预处理过程,使其适用于生物处理.本研究采用活性焦吸附某垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液,发现活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中COD、色度、恶臭、TOC、TN等均具有良好的处理效果.通过对吸附性能的影响因素研究发现,活性焦种类、投加量、p H和吸附时间均会影响吸附效果,最佳活性焦投加量为20 g·L~(-1),酸性条件更有利于吸附,渗滤液中COD的去除主要发生在吸附过程的前1 h.活性焦吸附可提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,主要吸附垃圾渗滤液中难降解芳香族大分子有机物,其中,对溶解性有机物中疏水性有机酸组分的吸附效果最佳,使其出水适用于生物处理,从而保证污水处理厂COD可以稳定达标排放.     

活性焦表面化学性质对其脱硫性能的影响

在氧气及水蒸汽存在的情况下 ,烟道气中低浓度的SO2 被活性焦吸附并被催化氧化为硫酸 .考察了活性焦表面化学性质对其脱硫性能的影响 .结果表明 ,活性焦的微孔面积及表面碱性位含量是影响其脱硫能力的主要因素 .同时 ,由XPS数据可知 ,随着活性焦表面的氧含量的减少 ,离域π电子 (Cπ)趋于活跃 ,活性焦的碱性增加 ,证实了碳原子平面层上的离域π电子 (Cπ)是影响活性焦脱硫能力的主要因素 .     

热处理修复方式对污染土壤性质及生态功能的影响

因为具有良好的处理效果和较短的施工周期,热处理是目前污染场地修复领域应用的热点技术之一,厘清热处理对土壤性质及功能的综合影响对于评价土壤价值具有重要意义。在分析了大量相关研究与应用案例的基础上,总结了热处理修复技术对土壤有机质、pH、营养组分等理化性质的影响,阐述了热处理对土壤微生物、动物以及植物的生态影响,分析了热处理过程对土壤污染物的衍生物产生以及复合污染修复效果的影响,探讨了热处理对土壤的综合影响及其对实际修复工程的指导意义,并对未来热处理在污染场地修复应用中的研究重点和方向提出了展望。     

Effects of ionic strength and temperature on the aggregation and deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The aggregation and deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) determines their transport and fate in natural waters.Therefore,the aggregation kinetics of humic-acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(HA-MWCNTs) was investigated by time-resolved dynamic light scattering in NaCl and CaCl_2 electrolyte solutions.Increased ionic strength induced HA-MWCNT aggregation due to the less negative zeta potential and the reduced electrostatic repulsion.The critical coagulation concentration(CCC) values of HA-MWCNTs were 80 mmol/L in NaCl and 1.3 mmol/L in CaCl_2 electrolyte,showing that Ca~(2+) causes more serious aggregation than Na~+.The aggregation behavior of HA-MWCNTs was consistent with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory.The deposition kinetics of HA-MWCNTs was measured by the optical absorbance at 800 ran.The critical deposition concentrations for HA-MWCNT in NaCl and CaCl_2 solutions were close to the CCC values,therefore the rate of deposition cannot be increased by changing the ionic strength in the diffusion-limited aggregation regime.The deposition process was correlated to the aggregation since larger aggregates increased gravitational deposition and decreased random Brownian diffusion.HA-MWCNTs hydrodynamic diameters were evaluated at 5,15 and 25℃.Higher temperature caused faster aggregation due to the reduced electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion and collision frequency.HA-MWCNTs aggregate faster at higher temperature in either NaCl or CaCl_2electrolyte due to the decreased electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion.Our results suggest that CNT aggregation and deposition are two correlated processes governed by the electrolyte,and CNT transport is favored at low ionic strength and low temperature.     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.     

焦化废水中有机污染物好氧生物降解特性的研究

在实验室条件下,采用瓦勃氏微量呼吸仪测试方法,以处理焦化废水曝气池内活性污泥作为降解所用微生物,研究了焦化废水中咪唑等6种有机污染物的好氧生物降解特性。文中的对这些有机污染物在单一基质和与苯酚共基质条件下的降解规律、它们对微生物的抑制情况进行了详细考察。在与苯酚共基质条件下,6种有机污染物的降解特性有不同程度变化。吩噻嗪、高浓度萘和咔唑抑制苯酚降解,咪唑、吡咯、蒽在共基质条件下降解性有所提高     

钙基物料在砖坯烧制过程中固氟特性的研究

提出添加适量钙基物料抑制制砖中氟的逸出，对固氟机理进行了试验研究；并试验分析了钙基物料粒径、微孔结构、碱金属盐添加剂、制砖工艺对固氟性能的影响。在此基础上，进行了添加钙基物料的工业应用试验，砖存氟率由约25％增至70％以上，且对砖制品质量没有不利影响。     

铁负载活性焦微电流SBBR降解煤热解废水酚类污染物的效能研究

为了有效提高煤热解废水中酚类污染物的去除效能,以活性焦载体、纳米级四氧化三铁载体及空白组作为对照,通过研究4组反应器（R0为空白组,R1、R2、R3中分别加入纳米级四氧化三铁、活性焦、Fe-LAC颗粒）对不同浓度总酚、COD、特征污染物的降解效能,以及对反应器中活性污泥的表征,探究了载体微电流对污染物的降解能力.结果表明,Fe-LAC载体反应器R3在高浓度有机负荷下对COD的平均降解率达到88.91%,而反应器R1的COD平均降解率为79.50%,反应器R2为84.02%,对照组R0低于60%;Fe-LAC载体反应器对总酚的降解率在95%以上,且污泥粒径均匀致密,生物膜增厚,污泥体积指数（SVI）低于100 mL·g^-1,PN/PC高达18.8,使得反应器具有更稳定的结构和更强的抗毒性,为煤化工废水零排放的实现提供了一种切实高效的新途径.     

民用燃煤、焦化厂和石油沥青工业多环芳烃源成分谱的比较研究

利用模拟实验采集了民用燃煤污染源样品，在现场采集了焦化帮石油沥青两类污染源样品，用GC/MS联用技术测定了样品中13种多环芳烃，对分析结果进行归一化处理后确定以上3类污染源多环芳烃源成分谱，在此基础上，对民用燃煤，焦化厂和石油沥青污染源的排放水平，轮廓图特征，排放特征和特征比值进行了比较。     

电厂增温对中小型浮游动物群落结构的影响

为探明电厂增温可能导致邻近海域浮游动物的小型化问题,对小网目（网目77μm）采集的象山港国华电厂排水口附近样品数据进行了分析.结果表明：本次调查共鉴定出75种浮游动物（包括浮游幼体、卵与仔鱼）,优势种18种,年平均丰度为27690.0ind/m³.该海域主要由中小型桡足类和浮游幼体组成,且个体体长以<1000μm中小型浮游动物占绝对优势.其中,体长<500μm小型浮游动物丰度在各月份和各断面均最高,平均丰度占总丰度比例>58.2%;体长500~1000μm占比>34.8%;而体长>1000μm所占比例仅为7%.经群落相似性分析（ANOSIM）,群落结构具显著的季节性差异（P<0.05）,但不同断面的空间结构无显著差异.群落相似性百分比（SIMPER）分析显示,导致群落结构时空差异的主要判别种有大同长腹剑水蚤（Oithona similis）、异体住囊虫（Oikopleura dioica）和砂壳虫（Difflugia sp.）等.电厂增温导致大型浮游动物（>2000μm）全部远离排水口0.2km断面（D02断面）,主要幼体类群的桡足类无节幼体和桡足幼体则在增温海域分布较均匀,几乎不受影响.而一些高丰度小型浮游动物,如砂壳虫、短角长腹剑水蚤（Oithona brevicornis）、伪长腹剑水蚤（Oithona fallax）大量聚集于排水口,使D02断面的浮游动物丰度最高,达35704.1ind/m³.多样性分析显示,海域增温与种类数（S）间的线性关系不显著（P>0.05）,而与Shannon指数（H'）、Pielou均匀度（J'）、Simpson指数（D'）间均存在显著的线性关系（P<0.01）.据回归方程斜率计算,每增温1℃会导致浮游动物H'、J'、D'和S分别降低5.4%、5.0%、3.8%和2.9%.     

河流允许排污量公平分配的多准则决策方法

针对允许排污量分配领域存在多种公平分配观点与准则的特点,提出了综合考虑所有排污者的公平准则,再对不同准则下的方案进行协调,以期获得全体排污者愿意接受的分配结果.设计了2种求取公平协调解的多准则决策方法,分别采用满意度和公平偏离度作为衡量指标,根据最大化最小值原理求取最佳协调解,求解过程不需要人为给定权重.以广州-佛山跨界河网为例,研究表明,2种方法具有良好的一致性,分配结果较公平合理,可为解决跨界水污染矛盾和实施总量控制制度提供定量化的决策依据.     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

炼焦煤中直接添加含铅锌冶金粉尘的焦炉煤气脱硫研究

将含铅锌冶金粉尘直接添加到炼焦煤中实现煤气脱硫的新技术，使得焦炉煤气脱硫不需要添加专门的脱硫设备成为可能，并可同时完成含铅锌冶金粉尘的回收利用。研究结果表明，在加入的冶金粉尘中的Zn和Pb的摩尔数与挥发出的硫的摩尔数之比大于1的条件下，煤气中的硫可以完全脱除，并且焦炭的质量与未加入含铅锌冶金粉尘的没有区别，焦炭的收得率没有降低。