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An inhibitory effect of a traditional Japanese fermented food, natto, was found against plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, and the bacteria which showed inhibition were isolated from the natto. Among isolated bacteria, BC-1 and GAc exhibited a strong antagonistic effect in vitro against plant pathogens on an agar medium. The supernatant of bacterial culture also showed strong activity against R. solani, which meant the antimicrobial substances were produced and secreted into the medium. Both of the bacteria were estimated as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from a partial sequence of the 16s rRNA gene. High performance liquid chromatography analysis clearly showed the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A by BC-1 and GAc. 相似文献
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There were six high diesel oil degrading bacteria strains isolated from the oil contaminated soil that collected from Linzi City. The strain YI was able to produce biosurfactant rhanmolipid when cultivated on diesel oil as carbon source. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of rhanmolipid in water and in the soil were measured respectively according to the correlation between the surface tension of the medium and the added rhamnolipid concentration. The results showed that the CMC of rhanmolipid in water was 65 mg/L, and was 185 mg/L in soil. The tests on diesel oil biodegradation were conducted with the addition of different concentrations of rhamnolipid in water and in soil respectively. When 0.01% rhanmolipid was added to water, the diesel oil degradation was enhanced. On the contrary, when the same concentration of rhanmolipid was added to the soil, the degradation of diesel oil was inhibited. The results suggested that the rhamnolipid could enhance the diesel oil biodegradation, indicating that the concentration of rhamnolipid was higher than the corresponding CMC in the medium. Kinetics parameters for the diesel oil biodegradation parameters such as biodegradation constant (λ), coefficient of correlation (r) and half life (t1/2) in both tests were numerically analyzed in this paper, indicating that the moderate concentration of rhamnolipid in the medium could not only enhance the extent of diesel oil biodegradation but also shorten the time for oil remediation. 相似文献
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从不同温度的堆肥过程中(45℃和55℃), 筛选了产生生物表面活性剂的菌种, 对产生的生物表面活性剂进行了定性和定量的检验.实验结果表明, Bacillussubtilis是堆肥过程中产生生物表面活性剂的主要菌种之一, 并验证了其产生的生物表面活性剂为莎梵婷等脂肽类物质.还对筛选出的优势菌种BacillussubtilisB产剂条件进行了优化, 强化了它的产剂能力, 结果表明碳源和氮源对产剂影响较大, 而Fe2+浓度影响较小.最后对筛选的菌种及其产生的生物表面活性剂在城市生活垃圾堆肥中的应用作了展望. 相似文献
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The effects of culture conditions in vitro and biosurfactant detection were studied on bacterial strains capable of degrading gasoline from contaminated soils near gas station. The main results were summarized as follows. Three bacteria (strains Q10, Q14 and Q18) that were considered as efficiently degrading strains were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp., Flavobaeterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., respectively. The optimal growth conditions of three bacteria including pH, temperature and the concentration of gasoline were similar. The reduction in surface tension was observed with all the three bacteria, indicating the production of biosurfactant compounds. The value of surface tension reduced by the three strains Q10, Q14 and Q18 was 32.6 mN.m, 12.4 mN. m and 21.9 mN.m, respectively. Strain Q10 could be considered as a potential biosurfactant producer. Gasoline, diesel oil, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) could easily be degraded by the three isolates. The consortium was more effective than the individual cultures in degrading added gasoline, diesel oil, and BTEX. These results indicate that these strains have great potential for in situ remediation of soils contaminated by gas station leaking. 相似文献
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以原油为唯一碳源和能源,从新疆克拉玛依油田土壤中筛选出1株能产生物表面活性剂的高效解烃菌XJBM,经形态观察、生理生化特征和Biolog分析,初步鉴定该菌为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa)。薄层色谱分析结果表明,XJBM产糖脂类生物表面活性剂,在最适发酵条件下,生物表面活性剂的产量可达2.25 g/L,可将发酵液表面张力从68.20 m N/m降低到32.50 m N/m,乳化指数(E24)达到81.8%。采用单因素试验对影响XJBM降解率的因素进行了研究,得出最适降解条件为p H 7.5,温度30℃,盐浓度5 g/L,接种量10%。在此条件下,菌株对1%石油烃的7d降解率为63.78%。 相似文献
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为有效治理石油污染土壤,从长期遭受石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株烃降解菌8-11作为出发菌,利用低能N+注入烃降解菌进行诱变,在能量为20 keV、剂量为90×2.6×1013ions/cm2条件下筛选出一株高效烃降解菌——诱变菌23。原油摇瓶发酵实验表明诱变菌对原油的降解率达到74%;降解后原油的全烃气相色谱图显示,经过7 d的作用,原油中的正构烷烃完全降解。诱变菌23能够产生大量的生物表面活性物质,傅里叶红外光谱分析表明其产生的生物活性物质为糖脂类化合物,该糖脂类生物表面活性剂能使发酵液的表面张力从空白对照的56.1 mN/m降低为29.3 mN/m。研究表明诱变菌23具有较高的烃降解能力,能有效降低表面张力,具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法,研究了土壤微生物群落多样性对生物表面活性剂强化的植物-微生物联合修复多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤的响应.结果表明,细菌群落的Shannon-Weaver指数修复前为3.17,修复后为3.24~3.45,多样性整体呈上升趋势,其中以植物-菌根真菌-降解菌处理最高,但各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05).聚类分析结果显示,植物、植物-鼠李糖脂、植物-菌根真菌和植物-菌根真菌-鼠李糖脂这4个处理的群落相似度在90%以上,植物-降解菌处理与这4个处理群落结构最近,此外,植物-降解菌-鼠李糖脂、植物-降解菌-菌根真菌-鼠李糖脂群落相似度在80%以上.通过测序比对,DGGE图谱上优势及特征性条带分别为Bacillus、Pseudomonas、Acidobacteria、Sphingmonas、Rhodopseudomonas、Firmicutes和Methylocytaceae等,可能是与PAHs降解密切相关的种属.生物表面活性剂强化的植物-微生物联合修复污染土壤过程中,在提高PAHs生物有效性基础上,改变了土壤微生物群落结构和丰度,从而可以有效提高PAHs的降解率. 相似文献
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培养高效的反硝化细菌可提高污水处理效率.本实验为序批式实验,以Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号发酵液为碳源,采用梯度提高硝氮的方式,培养高效的反硝化细菌,从中选择培养更加快速的发酵液.并采用高通量测序技术分析反硝化细菌的生物群落结构和多样性的变化.结果表明,Ⅱ号发酵液能够在第11 d便实现高效反硝化细菌[300 mg·(L·h)-1]的快速培养,比Ⅰ号发酵液提前了17 d,同时,高效反硝化细菌系统对氨氮和总磷有一定的去除效果,最大去除速率分别为34.43 mg·(L·h)-1和2.98mg·(L·h)-1.高通量测序分析结果表明,污泥经过驯化培养,物种丰度和多样性降低,但发挥反硝化作用的优势菌群的类别和比例得到增大;细菌的组成及数量发生了较大的改变,最终发挥高效反硝化作用的核心菌属为Thauera和Pseudomonas.另外,反硝化聚磷菌科(Rhodocyclaceae和Pseudomonadaceae)和异养硝化菌属(Pseudomonas、Alcaligenes、Bacillus和Comamonas)的存在,验证了系统对氨氮和总磷的去除能力. 相似文献
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假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)表面活性物质产生与性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从广州猎德污水处理厂的二沉池污泥中分离到1株产表面活性剂的细菌,经镜检及一系列生理生化试验,鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。试验结果表明,菌株接种培养96h后,培养液可以使汽油层的乳化率达到100%;产表面活性物质的最佳的碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和NH4NO3,最大的排油直径均超过100mm;在偏碱性(pH 8 ̄9)的培养条件下生长良好,培养液的排油活性明显优于中性及酸性条件;盐离子浓度较高时能够生长并且大量产表面活性物质;通气量对培养液的表面活性有较大影响,摇瓶培养比通气培养更有利于保持培养液的表面活性。 相似文献
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利用液相色谱/质谱联用仪(HPLC-ESI-MS)分析了石油降解菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaW3以甘露醇为碳源所产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的组成.结果表明,所产鼠李糖脂共检出6种主要的鼠李糖脂同系物,均由1~2个鼠李糖分子和1~2个含β羟基的碳链长度为8~12的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸分子构成,其主要组分的m/z为649.6和621.5,对应的结构是RhaRhaC10C10和RhaRhaC8C10,分别占总检出物质量的57%和15.5%.该鼠李糖脂混合物中双鼠李糖脂的含量达到90%,是目前报道的双鼠李糖脂含量较高的菌株之一.该糖脂类生物表面活性剂可将水的表面张力从71.4mN·m-1降到30.5mN·m-1,临界胶束浓度为48mg·L-1,在高温、高盐度及高pH等极端环境下,仍能保持较高的表面活性和乳化能力,在生物修复中具有潜在应用价值. 相似文献
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生物表面活性剂对东海原甲藻生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
以东海原甲藻为实验材料,研究了铜绿假单胞菌产鼠李糖脂类生物表面活性剂对藻细胞的抑制和杀藻作用.结果表明,鼠李糖脂在较低浓度下对东海原甲藻的生长有明显的抑制效果,增大用量,可直接杀灭藻细胞.生长延滞期的藻细胞对鼠李糖脂的作用更为敏感.在相同实验条件下,鼠李糖脂对绿藻生长的影响基本可以忽略,在低浓度下对中肋骨条藻和湛江叉鞭金藻生长的影响也很弱,鼠李糖脂的浓度增至5.0mg/L 以上时,对中肋骨条藻和湛江叉鞭金藻的生长表现出一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
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The kinetics of the recombinant Coprinus cinereus peroxidase-catalyzed 2-naphthol oxidation was investigated in the presence of rhamnolipid biosurfactant JBR425 and synthetic surfactant Surfynol465 at pH 5.5 and 25℃, with concentrations of (bio)surfactants both less than critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and larger than CMC. It was shown that monomers of JBR425 as well as monomers of Surfynol465 had an enhancing effect on the conversion of 2-naphthol in dose response manner and did not influence the initial rate of 2-naphthol oxidation. The results were accounted by a scheme, which contains a stadium of enzyme inhibition by oligomeric 2-naphthol oxidation products. The action of the biosurfactant's (or synthetic surfactant's) monomers was explained by avoidance of the enzyme active center clothing with oligomers. Similar results have demonstrated the potential of rhamnolipid biosurfactant JBR425 due to its biodegradability. When biosurfactants' concentrations are larger than CMC, (bio)surfactants have an opposite effect on the oxidation of 2-naphthol by peroxidase. 相似文献
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