Isolation of antifungal bacteria from Japanese fermented soybeans,natto

An inhibitory effect of a traditional Japanese fermented food, natto, was found against plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, and the bacteria which showed inhibition were isolated from the natto. Among isolated bacteria, BC-1 and GAc exhibited a strong antagonistic effect in vitro against plant pathogens on an agar medium. The supernatant of bacterial culture also showed strong activity against R. solani, which meant the antimicrobial substances were produced and secreted into the medium. Both of the bacteria were estimated as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from a partial sequence of the 16s rRNA gene. High performance liquid chromatography analysis clearly showed the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A by BC-1 and GAc.     

Isolation and characterization of gasoline-degrading bacteria from gas station leaking-contaminated soils

The effects of culture conditions in vitro and biosurfactant detection were studied on bacterial strains capable of degrading gasoline from contaminated soils near gas station. The main results were summarized as follows. Three bacteria （strains Q10, Q14 and Q18） that were considered as efficiently degrading strains were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp., Flavobaeterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., respectively. The optimal growth conditions of three bacteria including pH, temperature and the concentration of gasoline were similar. The reduction in surface tension was observed with all the three bacteria, indicating the production of biosurfactant compounds. The value of surface tension reduced by the three strains Q10, Q14 and Q18 was 32.6 mN.m, 12.4 mN. m and 21.9 mN.m, respectively. Strain Q10 could be considered as a potential biosurfactant producer. Gasoline, diesel oil, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene （BTEX） could easily be degraded by the three isolates. The consortium was more effective than the individual cultures in degrading added gasoline, diesel oil, and BTEX. These results indicate that these strains have great potential for in situ remediation of soils contaminated by gas station leaking.     

堆肥过程中产生生物表面活性剂的细菌的筛选

从不同温度的堆肥过程中 ( 45℃和 5 5℃ ) ,筛选了产生生物表面活性剂的菌种 ,对产生的生物表面活性剂进行了定性和定量的检验 .实验结果表明 ,Bacillussubtilis是堆肥过程中产生生物表面活性剂的主要菌种之一 ,并验证了其产生的生物表面活性剂为莎梵婷等脂肽类物质 .还对筛选出的优势菌种BacillussubtilisB产剂条件进行了优化 ,强化了它的产剂能力 ,结果表明碳源和氮源对产剂影响较大 ,而Fe2 浓度影响较小 .最后对筛选的菌种及其产生的生物表面活性剂在城市生活垃圾堆肥中的应用作了展望     

堆肥中生物表面活性剂脂肽产生菌的筛选

从农业堆肥样品中提取出4株可将发酵液的表面张力降到40mN/m以下的菌株,对该四株菌的发酵液进行薄层层析(TLC)分析,结果表明其中3株产生的生物表面活性剂可能为脂肽。选取其中一株B2对其所产的生物表面活性物质进行提纯,经过红外光谱(FT-IR)分析,证明该产物为一环脂肽类似物。该脂肽纯品可将纯水的表面张力由72.3mN/m降到29.9mN/m,CMC值为0.139g/L。实验结果表明,堆肥过程中存在能够产生生物表面活性剂脂肽的菌种,且具有良好的表面活性。     

发酵培养法筛选堆肥中产表面活性物质的菌种

微生物在城市生活垃圾堆肥中起着重要的作用 ,而某些微生物在一定条件下产生的生物表面活性剂有望改善堆肥的微环境 ,提高堆肥的效率。从不同温度的堆肥过程中 (45℃和 55℃ )筛选产生物表面活性剂的细菌 ,生物表面活性剂的产生通过测定其发酵液的张力值来判断。实验结果表明 ,堆肥过程中的确存在产生物表面活性剂的细菌 ,枯草芽孢杆菌是其主要菌之一。实验通过一系列培养条件的优化 ,使所筛选到的细菌产生活性较强、浓度较高的生物表面活性剂     

三甲胺降解细菌的分离、降解特性及其系统发育分析

分别从稻田土壤和城市污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离得到 2株三甲胺降解菌 2 2和 5 1 .分离菌株为革兰氏染色反应阴性的球菌和短杆菌 ,菌株大小为球菌直径 0 5～ 0 9μm ,短杆菌长 0 9～ 1 2 μm ,不运动 .分离菌株均能在好氧和厌氧条件下利用三甲胺作为唯一碳源 ,生成中间产物二甲胺和甲胺 ,最终将其矿化 .根据其生理生化性状和 1 6SrDNA序列分析结果表明 ,分离菌株为副球菌属 (Paracoccussp .) ,其序列与Paracoccusaminovorans菌株序列的相似性均为 98 8% .     

Isolation and characterization of facultative mixotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from constructed wetlands

Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been widely studied in constructed wetlands systems, while mixotrophic AOB have been less thoroughly examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from wastewater and rhizospheres of macrophytes of constructed wetlands, and then cultivated in a mixotrophic medium containing ammonium and acetic acid. A molecular characterization was accomplished using ITS-PCR amplification, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results showed the presence of 35 bacteria, among 400 initially heterotrophic isolates, that were able to remove ammonia. These 35 isolates were classified into 10 genetically different groups based on ITS pattern. Then, a collection of 10 isolates were selected because of their relatively high ammonia removal efficiencies (ARE ≥ 80%) and their phylogenetic diversity. In conditions of mixotrophy, these strains were shown to be able to grow (increase of optical density OD₆₆₀ during incubation with assimilation of nitrogen into cellular biomass) and to oxidize ammonia (important ammonia oxidation efficiencies, AOE between 79% and 87%). Among these facultative mixotrophic AOB, four isolates were genetically related to Firmicutes (Bacillus and Exiguobacterium), three isolates were affiliated to Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter) and three other isolates were associated with Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Bordetella).     

耐冷高效亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌的分离、筛选与鉴定

在10℃条件下,以亚硝酸钠为唯一氮源从长期淹水的冬水田中分离得到了12株亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌.采用乙酸钠为唯一碳源,以高效去除亚硝酸盐氮和总氮且产生较低生物量氮为主要指标筛选出了一株反硝化能力最强的亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌,命名为Y-12.研究发现,该菌在20℃条件下,对亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的去除率分别为99.87%和57.74%,产生了3.25 mg·L-1的生物量氮;在15℃条件下,对亚硝酸盐氮和总氮去除率分别为99.48%和51.53%,产生了3.00 mg·L-1的生物量氮.对其16S rRNA基因序列进行分析,发现该菌与恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)的同源性达到99%;对其特异性磷脂脂肪酸进行分析,发现与恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas-putida-biotype A)的相似指数为0.469,初步鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌.     

红树林土壤解磷菌的分离鉴定及解磷特性

从罗源湾红树林根际土壤中分离解磷菌,筛选出洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia cepacia, NR 113645.1）和短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus, NR 043242.1）,研究它们的解磷特性和动态解磷过程. HPLC结果表明, B. cepacia菌液上清中含葡萄糖酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸、丁二酸, 这些有机酸的产生导致磷酸盐溶解. B.pumilus菌液上清中仅检测到少量的葡萄糖酸, 因此该菌溶磷效果不佳. 在细菌动态溶磷过程中发现, 经B. cepacia菌处理的磷酸钙, 其X射线衍射（XRD）特征峰强度随时间的增长降低, 显微镜图像显示磷酸钙颗粒随时间增长变小, 甚至消失. 而经B.pumilus菌处理的结果表明, 在试验期间内磷酸钙峰强度和颗粒大小没有明显变化. 细菌产生有机酸是溶解磷酸盐的重要前提, 这是解决板结土壤中难溶性磷源转化为生物可利用磷源问题的关键.     

降解偶氮染料耐盐菌GTY的分离鉴定及特性研究

通过定向驯化,从海底污泥中分离得到一株降解偶氮染料的耐盐新菌株GTY,通过形态特征、生理生化特性以及对16S rDNA序列(GenBank Accession No.DQ286727)进行同源比较,鉴定该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属(Gracilibacillus sp.,中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心CGMCC No.1528).生长特性和染料降解实验结果表明,菌株对链霉素和卡那霉素不敏感,耐盐度为0.5%～30%.其最适降解与生长条件为:pH=7～8,温度30℃,盐度10%～20%.同时该菌株对13种不同结构的染料具有脱色作用,多数脱色率在90%以上,说明其具有较好的脱色广谱性和实际应用基础.     

两株氨化菌的筛选及降解效果初步研究

以太湖底泥沉积物为菌源,分离筛选到两株氨化菌,分别命名为AB-1和AB-2。通过形态特征观察、生理生化特性分析及16S rDNA分子鉴定,确定菌株AB-1和AB-2分别为三叶假单胞菌(Pseudomonas migulae)和节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)。相同条件下,两种菌都以1%接种量接种至有机氮中培养70 h,结果表明菌株AB-2去除有机氮的效率高于AB-1,去除率为83.15%,而菌株AB-1的去除率仅为67.33%。所分离的AB-2菌株对于湖泊富营养化治理中改善水质环境有一定的应用价值。     

含酚废水处理系统中苯酚降解菌的分离及分离物多样性分析

用富集培养和直接涂平板培养的方法,从含酚废水处理系统的悬浮污泥中分别分离了57株和55株苯酚降解菌.112株分离物经ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,共显示了15种差异明显的ERIC-PER指纹图谱,表明至少应有15种不同的菌株.其中直接涂平板法得到的分离物占有11种,富集培养法得到的分离物占4种.将直接涂平板得到的分离物,与来自不同种属苯酚降解菌的LmPH(the largest subunit of multi-component phenol hydroxylase)等位基因分子进行杂交显示,该11种分离物可分为3种以上不同的LmPH代谢类型;而富集培养获得的分离物巾只显示1种LmPH代谢类型.对显示不同ERIC-PCR指纹图的15个代表荫株的生长和苯酚降解效率进行研究发现,其中F-6菌株在苯酚浓度0.4～1.4g·L-1范围内,其苯酚降解效率达到了70%～100%.     

应用高梯度磁分离技术处理糖蜜酒精废水

采用投磁种的方法进行强化，高梯度磁分离技术可以有效地用于处理有机工业废水，废水经处理后其浊度、色度和ＣＯＤ都大大降低．系统地研究了这一新方法应用于处理糖蜜酒精废水以及磁种再生的全过程，探讨了磁种的活性、处理效果及其影响因素．结果表明，废水磁种强化磁分离处理过程主要是一个ｐＨ控制过程，最佳处理ｐＨ值为５左右，磁种再生ｐＨ值为１１左右．     

以玉米秸秆为底物的纤维素降解菌与产电菌联合产电的可行性

利用单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池（MFC）反应器,以玉米秸秆为底物,以本实验室筛选和保存的纤维素降解菌Chaetomium sp.和Bacillus sp.,以及纤维素降解混合菌PCS-S和H-C为秸秆降解的生物催化剂,探讨了以汽爆秸秆固体为底物进行微生物产电的可行性.结果表明,在MFC系统内,纤维素降解纯菌和混合菌均能使纤维素降解,但产生的电压很低（<90mV,1000Ω）,升高温度（30～38.5℃）对电压输出无明显影响.单独以生活污水作为菌源不能直接降解秸秆产电.只有将H-C和生活污水（产电菌源）混合作为接种体,MFC才能获得较高的电压输出.此时得到的以汽爆秸秆固体作为底物时的最大功率密度为406mW·m-2,仅比葡萄糖作为底物时所得到的最大功率密度510 mW·m-2低20%.     

一株产生物表面活性剂菌株的筛选

从被长期受石油污染的特定环境中取样,经富集培养和平板法筛选得到9株乳化性能较好的菌株.采用排油圈法对这9株菌进行表成活性测定,其中菌株SF-6表面活性最强,通过形态观察和部分生理生化试验初步鉴定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa),其所产生物表面活性物质初步鉴定为鼠李糖脂.     

产生物表面活性剂耐盐菌的筛选鉴定及其对石油污染盐渍化土壤的修复作用

为得到高效产生物表面活性剂耐盐菌,从黄河三角洲石油污染盐渍化土壤中分离出41株细菌,经测定发酵液排油活性、表面张力和乳化值（EI24）,得到1株高效产生物表面活性剂耐盐菌BF40.通过形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,确定该菌为沙雷氏菌（Serratia sp.）.通过液体培养试验,研究了BF40的耐盐特性和降解原油能力,并通过室内土壤培养试验研究了BF40及其产生的生物表面活性剂对石油污染盐渍化土壤的修复作用.结果表明,在含5~70 g·L^-1NaCl液体培养基中BF40生长良好,属中度耐盐菌.BF40能有效利用原油,在含10 g·L^-1NaCl液体培养基中培养7d,原油降解率达到56.7%.添加BF40产生的生物表面活性剂或接入BF40能明显促进盐渍化土壤石油烃的降解,修复60 d,土壤石油去除率与对照相比分别提高了24.6%和13.4%.接种BF40能降低土壤溶液表面张力,明显提高土壤脱氢酶活性,更能有效促进沥青质降解.添加生物表面活性剂土壤脱氢酶活性与对照相比没有显著差异,但更能有效降低土壤溶液表面张力,促进饱和烃降解,表明接种BF40和添加生物表面活性剂可能对促进石油污染盐渍化土壤的生物修复存在不同作用机制.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的筛选鉴定及固定化研究

从污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选得到1株好氧反硝化细菌(YS),对其进行分子生物学鉴定和理化性能测试,并考察了该菌株固定化前后反硝化能力的变化.鉴定结果表明,菌株YS为反硝化产碱菌(Alcaligenes denitrificans).菌株经固定化后,其酶活力有所下降,但稳定性增强,在4 ℃下储存50 d后,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率仍可维持在80%以上,而游离态菌株仅为15%.在pH 7.0条件下,固定态菌株的反硝化率比游离态菌株低3%左右,但当pH降低至5.0时,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率为72.4%,比游离态菌株高2.6%,表明固定态菌株比游离态菌株更适应于弱酸的环境.在不同的工艺条件下,固定态菌株与游离态菌株反硝化能力的变化趋势相同.菌株YS的最适条件为:接种量1.5%左右,pH为6.0,C/N比为11,葡萄糖为碳源.     

Influence of biosurfactant on the diesel oil remediation in soil-water system

There were six high diesel oil degrading bacteria strains isolated from the oil contaminated soil that collected from Linzi City. The strain YI was able to produce biosurfactant rhanmolipid when cultivated on diesel oil as carbon source. The critical micelle concentrations （CMC） of rhanmolipid in water and in the soil were measured respectively according to the correlation between the surface tension of the medium and the added rhamnolipid concentration. The results showed that the CMC of rhanmolipid in water was 65 mg/L, and was 185 mg/L in soil. The tests on diesel oil biodegradation were conducted with the addition of different concentrations of rhamnolipid in water and in soil respectively. When 0.01% rhanmolipid was added to water, the diesel oil degradation was enhanced. On the contrary, when the same concentration of rhanmolipid was added to the soil, the degradation of diesel oil was inhibited. The results suggested that the rhamnolipid could enhance the diesel oil biodegradation, indicating that the concentration of rhamnolipid was higher than the corresponding CMC in the medium. Kinetics parameters for the diesel oil biodegradation parameters such as biodegradation constant （λ）, coefficient of correlation （r） and half life （t1/2） in both tests were numerically analyzed in this paper, indicating that the moderate concentration of rhamnolipid in the medium could not only enhance the extent of diesel oil biodegradation but also shorten the time for oil remediation.     

产表面活性剂的石油降解菌降解特性研究

从石油化工厂附近的污染土壤中分离到一株产表面活性剂的石油降解菌,经鉴定为假单胞菌属,其生物表面活性剂的产量为0.53g/L。文章研究了该菌株在不同条件下的生长状况,并与两株不产表面活性剂的菌对比测定了其石油降解的效率,生物表面活性剂在此过程中起了重要作用。将表面活性剂产生菌与其它菌株组合能有效的提高菌株对石油的降解效率,最终使另外两种菌株的降解率分别提高了7.38%和18.33%。     

农田土壤产二甲基硫醚(DMS)细菌的筛选及其特性分析

从农田土壤中筛选到4株能在改性基础培养基上以甲硫氨酸为唯一碳源和氮源生长代谢的产DMS细菌,分别命名为AQ1、BB1、BB2和BB3.通过对其形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA序列分析,确定4株产DMS细菌分别为硝基还原假单胞菌AQ1(Pseudomonas nitroreducens)、恶臭假单胞菌BB1(Pseudomonas putida)、恶臭假单胞菌BB3(Pseudomonas putida)和附着剑菌BB2(Ensifer adhaerens).研究结果表明,BB3菌株产DMS的能力显著高于其它菌株(p0.05),该菌株在温度为35℃,pH为7.0时,产DMS的能力最强;添加淀粉、硝酸钾和氯化铵显著提高了BB3菌株产DMS的能力,而添加葡萄糖和蔗糖显著抑制了该菌株产DMS的能力(p0.05).