Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600°C. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

不同煤种对烟气中汞的形态和分布的影响

采用化学热平衡分析方法研究了不同煤种燃烧过程中汞元素的化学形态及其分布.选用的煤种为唐山烟煤、高平无烟煤、贵州六盘水贫煤、小龙潭褐煤、印尼褐煤及宜昌褐煤6个煤样,在50~700℃温度范围内,比较讨论了不同煤样在氧化性气氛中汞的化学形态和物理相.结果表明:烟气温度较低时,原煤中S元素含量对烟气中汞的形态和分布的影响占主导地位;而原煤中Cl-含量越多,低温时最容易实现从HgSO4到HgCl2的转化,高温时最难实现从HgCl2到单质Hg的转化;相对于其它煤种,S和Cl元素在褐煤燃烧过程中的这种影响相对弱些.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

铁负载活性焦微电流SBBR降解煤热解废水酚类污染物的效能研究

为了有效提高煤热解废水中酚类污染物的去除效能,以活性焦载体、纳米级四氧化三铁载体及空白组作为对照,通过研究4组反应器（R0为空白组,R1、R2、R3中分别加入纳米级四氧化三铁、活性焦、Fe-LAC颗粒）对不同浓度总酚、COD、特征污染物的降解效能,以及对反应器中活性污泥的表征,探究了载体微电流对污染物的降解能力.结果表明,Fe-LAC载体反应器R3在高浓度有机负荷下对COD的平均降解率达到88.91%,而反应器R1的COD平均降解率为79.50%,反应器R2为84.02%,对照组R0低于60%;Fe-LAC载体反应器对总酚的降解率在95%以上,且污泥粒径均匀致密,生物膜增厚,污泥体积指数（SVI）低于100 mL·g^-1,PN/PC高达18.8,使得反应器具有更稳定的结构和更强的抗毒性,为煤化工废水零排放的实现提供了一种切实高效的新途径.     

典型煤化工企业硫代谢特征及其质量平衡

针对煤化工行业排放数据,不同来源数据存在较大差异,社会各界对其真实性、准确性存在诸多质疑,因而有必要从新的角度对排放统计数据进行评估.选取某典型煤化工企业,采用物料平衡方法核算了该企业硫代谢通量,探讨了其代谢特征,核算结果清晰显示了该企业硫的主要来源和去向,为减排及政策制定提供了科学依据.该企业2014年硫输入输出基本平衡,平衡项表征的统计误差在可接受范围内,误差产生原因包括原料含硫系数不稳定、固废含硫系数缺失、废气监测难度大,成分复杂等.不同来源SO_2排放量对比分析显示,排污申报数据略高于基准核算值,后评估数据偏小,而环境统计数据远大于基准值.数据的真实性与准确性有待提高;不同层次、不同部门统计方法有待完善及统一;无组织排放是重要的硫输出途径,不容忽视.     

民用燃煤、焦化厂和石油沥青工业多环芳烃源成分谱的比较研究

利用模拟实验采集了民用燃煤污染源样品，在现场采集了焦化帮石油沥青两类污染源样品，用GC/MS联用技术测定了样品中13种多环芳烃，对分析结果进行归一化处理后确定以上3类污染源多环芳烃源成分谱，在此基础上，对民用燃煤，焦化厂和石油沥青污染源的排放水平，轮廓图特征，排放特征和特征比值进行了比较。     

Effect of impurities on desulfurization properties of limestone during coal gasification

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水热解过程对提质褐煤液体产物的影响

对来自内蒙古的白音华褐煤进行了一系列水热解实验,分析不同温度和初始水煤浆浓度对水热解产物过滤出的液体的影响.分析了液体中TOC、COD、BOD5、总氮、氨氮、Cl-、SO42-的含量以及溶液的pH值.结果显示,水热解温度对于废液中的碳和氮含量影响较大,水热解温度从200℃增加到350℃时,水热解温度的升高,碳和氮分别增加了20多倍和30多倍;初始水煤浆浓度对Cl-和SO42-的含量影响较大,随着初始水煤浆浓度的升高, Cl-和SO42-逐渐增多.水热解温度应低于350℃, 初始水煤浆浓度应综合考虑设备材质来选择.     

生物质和煤混合燃烧污染物排放特性研究

在试样的质量以及其他的试验条件基本相同的情况下，在恒温下对一种典型的生物质以及它们以一定的比例所得的混合燃料进行污染物排放特性分析。结果表明，在试验用煤中加入生物质（质量比为1：1）后，燃料NOx转变率降低了2%-33%。燃料SOx转变率降低了10-17%。     

煤系废物地聚合物稳定/固化重金属离子效果研究

基于传统地聚合物的硅铝质原材料的单一性和局限性限制了地聚合固化技术处置重金属离子的发展,因此,本文研究了煤系废物地聚合物稳定/固化重金属离子的性能.采用活性煤系废物代替常用的低钙粉煤灰、偏高岭土,以碱激发,研究制备了一种新型、高性能无机地聚合物,并对比分析了重金属离子(Co2+、Cr3+、Zn2+、Ni2+)的稳定/固化效果.结果表明,常温(20℃)、相对湿度95%时,煤系废物地聚合物的最佳配比为:煤矸石和粉煤灰的质量比m(G)∶m(CFA)=7∶3、微硅灰质量分数7%,无定形地聚合物凝胶紧密包裹在粉煤灰和煤矸石颗粒周围,固化体表面出现大量鱼鳞片状产物,层层交织,结构体致密.综合固化体抗压强度和浸出毒性的标准,Co2+、Cr3+、Zn2+、Ni2+的理想固化量分别为1.5%、2.5%、2.0%、1.5%,固化效果明显,稳定性良好,长期安全性.     

煤炭资源型城市环境效率及其环境生产率变动分析──基于山西省11个地级市面板数据

绿色环境效率反映经济发展与资源环境之间的平衡关系,合理评价资源型城市的环境效率对于促进经济高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。首先从异质性环境污染排放角度出发,选取了四种环境压力指标,采用非径向的Slacks Based Model（SBM）模型和Sequential Malmquist指数模型,对山西省2003—2016年11个地级市的环境效率和环境生产率的区域差异及其动态演进进行了深入分析,然后采用固定效应模型、差分广义矩估计模型和面板分位数回归模型分析了环境规制对山西环境生产率的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在维持现有技术水平不变的前提下,山西省整体的环境效率仍有25.31%的改进潜力;中部地区的环境效率值高于北部与南部地区,但是三大区域的环境效率值都呈下降趋势。（2）山西省环境生产率平均每年提高14.63%,其中技术效率对环境生产率的增长表现为负效应,而技术进步是环境生产率提高的主要来源。（3）环境规制与环境生产率之间并不存在正向或者负向的线性关系,而是存在显著的“U”型关系;不同分位点上环境规制对环境生产率变动的影响表现出明显的异质性。     

不同煤化程度煤种对飞灰导电特性影响的实验研究

研究了不同煤化程度煤种的导电特性的实验结果表明,高煤化煤种与低煤化煤种的导电特性相差极大。前者比电阻可降至106Ω·cm以下,几十伏电压即发生电击穿。而后者比电阻最高可达10¹²Ω·cm以上,击穿电压超过10kV;高煤化燃煤飞灰的含碳量达到20％时,比电阻发生了陡降,而低煤化燃煤飞灰的含碳量对飞灰导电特性的影响不大,甚至产生负面影响。导致这一结果的机理是不同煤化程度煤种的晶体结构的差异     

煤气化炉渣研究现状及利用技术展望

煤气化技术的应用是我国能源战略的重要一环,但同时也会产生大量的煤气化炉渣,亟需研究可批量消纳的资源化利用技术。煤炭灰分中各种矿物相在气化炉内会随温度发生变化,通过对该变化的研究和总结,描述了煤炭灰分中各种矿物相在气化炉内的物化反应过程,并指出煤炭灰分对煤气化炉渣的最终形态特点具有决定性的影响;对煤气化炉渣中残碳的组成及其变化特点的研究表明,残碳对煤气化炉渣的最终利用途径具有重要影响;此外,通过分析煤气化炉渣利用技术研究现状,指出建材化利用技术和掺烧循环流化床原料技术是目前的主流途径;最后,展望了煤气化炉渣利用技术的发展方向,并提出了煤气化炉渣用于混凝土和水泥原料以及井下回填的技术途径。     

改性煤矸石对上覆水磷及底泥磷代谢关键基因的影响

将热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石应用于封闭水体除磷固磷试验,采用16SrRNA高通量测序技术分析底泥微生态群落结构、聚磷细菌和磷代谢功能基因的变化.结果表明：镧改性煤矸石对上覆水TP的去除能力最高,稳定期上覆水TP浓度为0.023~0.028mg/L,较对照组低83.5%以上,热活化煤矸石对上覆水TP的去除能力较差,稳定期上覆水TP浓度为0.15mg/L左右,略低于对照组.热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石均提高了底泥中微生物多样性,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）为底泥优势菌种.不同处理组底泥中聚磷细菌为Tetrasphaera和Candidatus_Accumulibacter,镧改性煤矸石显著降低了底泥中聚磷细菌的相对丰度.热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石对多聚磷酸盐激酶（PPK）影响不大,但对外切聚磷酸酶（PPX）的抑制较大,热活化煤矸石抑制最大.     

Effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in treatment of coal chemical industry wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor

Nitrogen removal via nitrite （the nitrite pathway） is more suitable for carbon-limited industrial wastewater. Partial nitrification to nitrite is the primary step to achieve nitrogen removal via nitrite. The effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in a continuous process was investigated by progressively increasing the alkalinity dosage ratio （amount of alkalinity to ammonia ratio, mol/mol）. There is a close relationship among alkalinity, pH and the state of matter present in aqueous solution. When alkalinity was insufficient （compared to the theoretical alkalinity amount）, ammonia removal efficiency increased first and then decreased at each alkalinity dosage ratio, with an abrupt removal efficiency peak. Generally, ammonia removal efficiency rose with increasing alkalinity dosage ratio. Ammonia removal efficiency reached to 88% from 23% when alkalinity addition was sufficient. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved by inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） by free ammonia （FA） in the early period and free nitrous acid in the later period of nitrification when alkalinity was not adequate. Only FA worked to inhibit the activity of NOB when alkalinity addition was sufficient.     

改性煤矸石对上覆水磷及底泥磷代谢关键基因的影响

将热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石应用于封闭水体除磷固磷试验,采用16SrRNA高通量测序技术分析底泥微生态群落结构、聚磷细菌和磷代谢功能基因的变化.结果表明：镧改性煤矸石对上覆水TP的去除能力最高,稳定期上覆水TP浓度为0.023~0.028mg/L,较对照组低83.5%以上,热活化煤矸石对上覆水TP的去除能力较差,稳定期上覆水TP浓度为0.15mg/L左右,略低于对照组.热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石均提高了底泥中微生物多样性,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）为底泥优势菌种.不同处理组底泥中聚磷细菌为Tetrasphaera和Candidatus_Accumulibacter,镧改性煤矸石显著降低了底泥中聚磷细菌的相对丰度.热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石对多聚磷酸盐激酶（PPK）影响不大,但对外切聚磷酸酶（PPX）的抑制较大,热活化煤矸石抑制最大.     

褐煤地下气化过程中铅和砷的迁移规律的研究

在煤炭地下气化模型试验的基础上,研究了褐煤原煤及其气化产物中的铅和砷的含量和分布,进行了铅和砷的质量平衡计算,并分析了其析出的反应机理.实验结果表明,铅在原煤中以残渣态23.07%、碳酸盐和铁锰氧化物结合态53.96%、硫化物结合态22.96%存在,而砷则以残渣态47.73%、有机结合态7.95%、硫化物结合态40.90%存在.在气化过程中63.65%的铅和56.23%的砷残存在地下煤灰中,1.15%的Pb和6.62%的As转化到煤气冷凝水中,35.20%的Pb和37.15%的As转化到煤气中.