Effect of Ce doping of TiO2 support on NH3-SCR activity over V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst

CeO2–TiO2composite supports with different Ce/Ti molar ratios were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method, and V2O5–WO3/CeO2–TiO2catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction（SCR） of NOx with NH3 were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were characterized by means of BET, XRD, UV–Vis,Raman and XPS techniques. The results showed that the catalytic activity of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 was greatly enhanced by Ce doping（molar ratio of Ce/Ti = 1/10） in the TiO2 support.The catalysts that were predominantly anatase TiO2 showed better catalytic performance than the catalysts that were predominantly fluorite CeO2. The Ce additive could enhance the surface adsorbed oxygen and accelerate the SCR reaction. The effects of O2 concentration, ratio of NH3/NO, space velocity and SO2 on the catalytic activity were also investigated. The presence of oxygen played an important role in NO reduction. The optimal ratio of NH3/NO was 1/1 and the catalyst had good resistance to SO2 poisoning.     

Fe2O3添加对钛基SCR催化剂表面硫酸氢铵分解行为的影响规律

采用共沉淀法合成了TiO_2及TiO_2-Fe_2O_3载体,并对硫酸氢铵与上述载体之间的相互作用及硫酸氢铵的具体分解行为进行了研究.结果表明,催化剂载体表面含硫官能团主要以双齿硫酸盐的形式存在,含氮官能团以铵根离子的形式存在.当硫酸氢铵沉积于催化剂载体表面时,由于硫酸根离子具有较强的电负性,Ti原子及Fe原子处于电子缺失状态.对于TiO_2载体,硫酸根离子主要与Ti原子相连;而对于TiO_2-Fe_2O_3载体,Ti原子及Fe原子均为硫酸根离子主要的附着位点.采用热分析方法及原位红外对硫酸氢铵在TiO_2及TiO_2-Fe_2O_3载体表面的分解行为进行了研究,发现铁氧化物的添加显著促进了硫酸氢铵在低温区间内的分解行为;与铵根离子相比,硫酸根离子具有更高的热稳定性.催化剂稳定性测试结果表明,铁氧化物的添加显著提高了低温抗硫抗水性能,为实现低温SCR技术的工业应用提供了理论基础.     

Preparation, characterization and application of CuCrO2/ZnO photocatalysts for the reduction of Cr(VI)

The delafossite CuCrO₂ elaborated by sol-gel from 40 nm diameter colloid is optically active in the visible region. It is characterized physically and photoelectrochemically. The microstructure is fairly homogenous with a mean crystallite size of ca. 2 μm. The optical gap (1.30 eV), determined from the diffuse reflectance, is well suited to the sunlight spectrum. The Mott Schottky plot is characteristic of P-type conductivity with a flat band potential of -0.26 V_SCE. As application, the photoreduction of chromate is successfully achieved in air-equilibrated suspension CuCrO₂/ZnO (1/1). CuCrO₂ is photoactivated by visible light and the electrons in the conduction band (-1.34 V_SCE) are injected to ZnO. In the presence of salicylic acid, a conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) of 57% is obtained under optimal conditions (pH 3 at 25℃, 5×10^-4 mol/L) because of the HCrO₄^- dark adsorption onto ZnO (4HCrO₄^- + 3C₇H₆O₃ + 18O₂ + 16H⁺ → 4Cr³⁺ + 21CO₂ + 19H₂O, ΔG⁰ = -557 kcal/mol). Prolonged illumination is accompanied by a deceleration in the photoactivity owing to the competitive water reduction, an issue of energetic concern. The hetero-system exhibits self sensitization for hydrogen production with an evolution rate of 149 μmol/(hr·g).     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Effect of CeO2 and Al2O3 on the activity of Pd/Co_3O_4/cordierite catalyst in the three-way catalysis reactions (CO/NO/CnHm)

The present article studies the effect of CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ on the activity of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite catalyst in conversion of NO, CO, C_nH_m. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the effect of CeO₂ on the properties of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite catalyst depends on preparation method. The catalyst obtained by co-deposition of cerium and cobalt oxides has higher activity in CO oxidation (CO + O₂ and CO + NO) and total hexane oxidation (C₆H₁₄ + O₂). Such phenomenon is probably caused by more than stoichiometric amount of formed oxygen vacancies, an increase in both mobility of surface oxygen and dispersity of components in the catalytic composition. It is demonstrated that CeO₂ addition promotes the SO₂ resistance of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite. The second support decreases the activity of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite catalyst in the reactions of CO and C₆H₁₄ with oxygen because of CoAl₂O₄ formation.     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu1-xCoxO4-σ and Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1-xCoxO4-σ(x: 0-0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? with oxygen vacancies and T0-structured Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO3:702 catalyst showing the best e ciency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr??1, and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO3:702 > NdSrCu0:8Co0:2O3:736 > NdSrCu0:6Co0:4O3:789 > Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu0:6Co0:4O4:187 > Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu0:8Co0:2O4:104 > Sm1:8Ce0:2CuO4:045, in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu3+/Cu2+ redox ability of NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

冶炼厂SO2烟气化学催化吸收扩大试验研究

在单层塔板泡沫吸收塔中的ＳＯ２液相催化氧化进行了扩在试验研究,当ＳＯ２净化效率（单板效率）为５０％时,得到１６％（Ｗｔ）Ｈ２ＳＯ４,硫酸生成速率为１８％／ｈ,ＳＯ２吸收最佳敢化５Ｌ／Ｎｍ＾３,添加表面活性剂Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３及鼓氧操作对ＳＯ２液相催化氧化有明显促进作用,冶炼烟气ＳＯ２浓度波动吸收效率影响不大。     

Removal of formaldehyde over MnxCe1-xO2 catalysts: Thermal catalytic oxidation versus ozone catalytic oxidation

MnxCe1- xO2（x： 0.3–0.9） prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）. At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest（270°C）. The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO（61 ppm） in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV（gas hourly space velocity） of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor（Mn0.5Ce0.5O2） exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency（9.81%）. At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency（≥ 81.2%） was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.     

电晕放电与络合催化联合同时去除烟气中SO_2、NO实验研究

采用电晕放电与液相络合催化协同同时去除烟气中SO2和NO,电压、水流量、乙二胺合钴浓度、pH、SO2和NO初始浓度以及气流量对同时去除SO2和NO效率的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明:NO去除率随着放电电压、水流量、乙二胺合钴浓度、pH的增加而增加,而随SO2和NO初始浓度、烟气流量的增大而减小;SO2去除率也随放电电压,水流量的增加而增加,随烟气流量的增加而下降,但溶液pH,SO2和NO初始浓度和乙二胺合钴浓度对其影响很小.溶液中加入Mn2+和尿素能分别增强SO2和NO的去除效果.最佳条件为:电压25 kV、水流量80 L·h-1,乙二胺合钴浓度0.02 mol·L-1,烟气流量1.0 m3·h-1、尿素浓度0.02 mol·L-1,Mn2+浓度为0.02 mol·L-1时,NO和SO2去除率分别可达68%和94%,对应能量消耗分别为22.2 g·k Wh-1和75.2 g·k Wh-1.     

基于碳捕集的富氧燃煤烟气联合脱硫脱硝试验研究

富氧燃煤烟气压缩液化CO2的高压低温工况为NO氧化为易溶于水的NO2提供了十分有利的条件.基于小型高压吸收试验装置,采用配制的富氧燃煤模拟烟气,在高压常温下进行了NO、SO2、O2与H2O的吸收反应试验.根据反应前后的气液产物分析,测定了不同组分比例与不同压力下混合气体中NO与SO2的转化率.NO氧化与吸收试验表明,NO转化为HNO3的比率随压力升高而增加,在0.5 ～2 MPa之间增加很快,在2 ～3 MPa之间增速趋丁平缓,压力达3 MPa以上时,90％以上的NO均转化为稀硝酸,且初始NO浓度越高,NO的转化率越大.混合气体中同时存在5O2与NO的联合吸收试验发现,只有少量的NO转化成了NO3-,SO2向H2SO4的转化率随压力升高而增加,初始SO2浓度越大,转化率越高.分析表明,SO2与NO同时存在时SO2先行转化为SO3,NO充当了催化剂,但SO2转化为SO3的一次转化率小于35％,反应酸液产物的多次循环能使SO2的转化率达到90％以上.建议的工艺流程中需采用两座吸收反应塔顺序脱除SO2与NO并回收稀酸溶液,有望在富氧燃煤发电捕集CO2系统中降低脱硫脱硝成本,部分地弥补富氧燃烧机组发电成本的增加.     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.     

Layered sphere-shaped TiO2 capped with gold nanoparticles on structural defects and their catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation

We describe here a one-step method for the synthesis of Au/TiO₂ nanosphere materials, which were formed by layered deposition of multiple anatase TiO₂ nanosheets. The Au nanoparticles were stabilized by structural defects in each TiO₂ nanosheet, including crystal steps and edges, thereby fixing the Au–TiO₂ perimeter interface. Reactant transfer occurred along the gaps between these TiO₂ nanosheet layers and in contact with catalytically active sites at the Au–TiO₂ interface. The doped Au induced the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Au–TiO₂ interface. Such vacancies are essential for generating active oxygen species (*O⁻) on the TiO₂ surface and Ti^3 + ions in bulk TiO₂. These ions can then form Ti^3 +–O⁻–Ti^4 + species, which are known to enhance the catalytic activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. These studies on structural and oxygen vacancy defects in Au/TiO₂ samples provide a theoretical foundation for the catalytic mechanism of HCHO oxidation on oxide-supported Au materials.     

电-Fenton法降解低含盐量反渗透浓缩液中腐植酸

为研究采用碳毡-Pt电-Fenton体系处理模拟低含盐量反渗透浓缩液中的腐植酸的影响因素和降解机制,通过单因素试验,以COD_Cr去除率为评价指标,以Fe2+添加量、通氧量、电流密度、pH为考察因素,探讨了不同条件对电-Fenton体系ρ（H₂O₂）和COD_Cr去除率的影响.结果表明:采用电-Fenton法降解模拟反渗透浓缩液,较低的含盐量有助于COD_Cr的去除,与高含盐量（1 000~2 000 mg/L）相比,在低含盐量（500~1 000 mg/L）条件下COD_Cr去除率提高10%~20%;并且最佳条件下实际电流效率（GCE）达到15.6%,电化学能耗为32 kW·h/kg.最佳反应条件:通氧量为0.3 m3/L,Fe2+添加量为0.1 mmol/L,电流密度为3.5 mA/cm2,pH=3,在该条件下反应180 min时,电-Fenton体系产生的ρ（H₂O₂）为105 mg/L,可使ρ（COD_Cr）由150 mg/L降至16 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率达到90%.研究显示,较宽的pH范围（3~7）内碳毡-Pt电-Fenton体系对腐植酸的降解表现稳定,COD_Cr去除率均达到60%以上.      

Role of NO in Hg oxidation over a commercial selective catalytic reduction catalyst V2O5–WO3/TiO2

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor that contained a commercial catalyst, V₂O₅–WO₃/TiO₂, to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of NO and O₂. Mercury oxidation was improved by NO, and the efficiency was increased by simultaneously adding NO and O₂. With NO and O₂ pretreatment at 350°C, the catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity for Hg⁰ oxidation, whereas NO pretreatment did not exert a noticeable effect. Decreasing the reaction temperature boosted the performance of the catalyst treated with NO and O₂. Although NO promoted Hg⁰ oxidation at the very beginning, excessive NO counteracted this effect. The results show that NO plays different roles in Hg⁰ oxidation; NO in the gaseous phase may directly react with the adsorbed Hg⁰, but excessive NO hinders Hg⁰ adsorption. The adsorbed NO was converted into active nitrogen species (e.g., NO₂) with oxygen, which facilitated the adsorption and oxidation of Hg⁰. Hg⁰ was oxidized by NO mainly by the Eley–Rideal mechanism. The Hg⁰ temperature-programmed desorption experiment showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound ones in the presence of NO and O₂.     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂中毒机理的试验研究

选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂是SCR烟气脱硝技术的核心,是整个SCR系统脱硝效率和经济性的决定因素.本文工作的主要研究思路是以钒钛SCR催化剂为研究对象,研究了H2O和SO2,以及相同含量下K、Na、Ca、Pb的氧化物对钒钛催化剂NO转化率的影响.H2O的存在会抑制V2O5/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性,而SO2在一定程度上促进(V2O5/TiO2)催化剂的SCR脱硝反应,提高NO转化率;碱金属K对钒钛催化剂的钝化作用都是最强,K2O和Na2O的掺入会抑制钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力,而CaO和PbO的掺入对钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力影响较小.     

H2O2和NO互作调控SO2诱导的胡杨细胞死亡

二氧化硫(SO_2)是一种常见的大气污染物,目前关于SO_2对木本植物的毒害作用及相关机制并不清楚.本文以木本植物胡杨的愈伤细胞为材料,研究SO_2衍生物对胡杨细胞的致死效应,以及过氧化氢(H_2O_2)与一氧化氮(NO)在SO_2诱导胡杨细胞死亡中的信号调节作用.研究发现:SO_2衍生物处理(1~5 mmol·L-1)可诱发胡杨细胞死亡,且SO_2衍生物浓度越大、处理时间越长,细胞死亡率越高.2 mmol·L-1SO_2衍生物处理胡杨细胞后,胞内H_2O_2和NO水平显著升高,且H_2O_2水平的升高先于NO.一定浓度的外源H_2O_2或NO供体SNP能够提高SO_2胁迫下胡杨细胞的死亡率;而使用H_2O_2清除剂CAT和ASA、NO清除剂c PTIO、NO合成抑制剂钨酸钠后,SO_2诱导的细胞死亡率明显降低.进一步实验发现,外源H_2O_2可以提高SO_2胁迫下胡杨细胞的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,促进胞内NO产生;而利用CAT和ASA清除H_2O_2后,细胞NR活性和NO产生均受到明显抑制.此外,SO_2胁迫下,外源SNP能够抑制抗氧化酶(CAT和APX)活性,增加胡杨细胞内的H_2O_2水平,而一定浓度的c PTIO和钨酸钠均可提高CAT和APX活性,降低胞内H_2O_2水平.结果表明:SO_2胁迫下,胡杨细胞快速产生的H_2O_2能够激活硝酸还原酶活性,促进NO生成,同时NO能够通过抑制抗氧化酶活性而提高H_2O_2水平.H_2O_2与NO互作调控SO_2诱导的胡杨细胞死亡.     

Removal of elemental mercury by photocatalytic oxidation over La2O3/Bi2O3 composite

La₂O₃/Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation of Bi₂O₃ with an aqueous solution of lanthanum precursor followed by calcination at different temperatures. The composite materials were used for the first time for the photocatalytic removal of Hg⁰ from a simulated flue gas under UV light irradiation. The results showed that the sample containing 6 wt.% La₂O₃ and calcined at 500°C has the highest dispersion of the active sites, which was promoted by the strong interaction with the support (i.e., the formation of Bi-O-La species). Since they are fully accessible on the surface, the material also exhibits excellent optical properties while the heterojunction formed in La₂O₃/Bi₂O₃ promotes the separation and migration of photoelectron-hole pairs and thus Hg⁰ oxidation efficiency is enhanced. The effects of the various factors (e.g., the reaction temperature and composition of the simulated flue gas (i.e., O₂, NO, H₂O, and SO₂)) on the efficiency of the Hg⁰ photocatalytic oxidation were investigated. The results demonstrated that O₂ and SO₂ enhanced the efficiency of the reaction while the reaction temperature, NO, and H₂O had an inhibitory effect.     

Cu-Al2O3中骨架铜类芬顿催化去除水中有机污染物

为解决传统铁基芬顿催化剂在水体通常酸碱(pH6)条件下活性低的问题,采用简单共沉淀法制备了Cu掺杂的Al_2O_3类芬顿催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱分析表明,Cu-Al_2O_3中铜掺杂的质量分数低于4.77%时,催化剂中铜主要以Cu~(2+)和Cu~+的形式共存于Al_2O_3的骨架结构中,形成Al—O—Cu键;过量的铜掺杂会导致外骨架铜物种如铜氧化物团簇的存在.以难降解有机污染物2-氯苯酚(2-chlorophenol,2-CP)和染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,Rh B)为目标污染物,对Cu-Al_2O_3的类芬顿催化性能进行了详细地研究.结果表明,骨架铜物种在中性温和条件下对2-CP和Rh B显示出很高的催化去除效率和稳定性,反应2 h,Cu-Al_2O_3(Cu质量分数4.77%)对2-CP的去除率达到54%,相应的TOC去除率达到49%,而铜离子溶出浓度仅为0.025 5 mg·L-1,而Cu-Al_2O_3(Cu质量分数7.58%)由于外骨架铜的存在导致催化活性增加缓慢和稳定性下降.ESR测试结果表明,·OH和HO_2~-/O_2~-·是反应中主要的活性物种.     

TiO2光催化联合技术降解苯酚机制及动力学

主要研究了TiO2光催化体系结合H2O2或外加电催化(EC)体系对苯酚催化降解效率的影响,评价比较TiO2/UV、H2O2/UV、TiO2/UV/H2O2、TiO2/UV/EC体系下苯酚降解机制及动力学.结果表明,TiO2/UV/H2O2和TiO2/UV/EC体系下苯酚降解效率明显高于TiO2/UV体系,当苯酚溶液pH值为6,TiO2质量浓度0.2 g·L-1,紫外光照2 h,光催化降解效果达到86%,当电流密度为12 mA·cm-2,则苯酚可达到100%去除.比较了不同催化体系下的能量利用率,苯酚降解15 min,TiO2/UV/EC体系能量利用率最大为0.030 6 g·(kW·h)-1,其能量消耗为0.0640 kW·h-1,说明采用TiO2/UV/EC体系能更多地利用能量降解苯酚.通过不同催化体系下中间产物分析,建立苯酚及其中间产物对苯二酚、邻苯二酚和苯醌的拟一级降解动力学模型,通过模型验证各催化体系下苯酚的降解历程,同时也说明了TiO2/UV/EC体系有利于苯酚及其中间产物的降解.     

A numerical experiment on the relative importance of H2O2 O3 in aqueous conversion of SO2 to SO42-

The importance of the three major aqueous reactions thought to be responsible for the in-cloud conversion of SO₂ to SO₄^2- was studied using the acidic deposition and oxidants model by supressing each reaction individually and all reactions simultaneously. The reactions are the oxidation of SO₂ by H₂O₂, or O₃ and catalytic oxidation by O₂ in the presence of Fe and Mn. The model simulations were 19–24 April 1981. It was found that SO₄^2- precipitation concentrations were generally more sensitive to H₂O₂ oxidation than to O₃ oxidation. The contribution of catalytic oxidation of SO₂ in the presence of Fe and Mn is insignificant everywhere and at all times. The contributions of H₂O₂ oxidation to SO₄^2- in precipitation is strongest in light precipitation areas while O₃ oxidation can be greater than H₂O₂ oxidation in heavy precipitation areas. The effect of supressing one reaction is mitigated by compensation through another mechanism. This is seem from the significant difference observed in the effects when individual suppressions were added together and when all reactions were suppressed simultaneously. From this, it is estimated that the contribution of aqueous oxidation of SO₂ to SO₄^2- in precipitation is approximately 50–80 per cent. Further simulations show that the relationship between SO₂ emissions and SO₄^2- production in the aqueous-phase through the oxidation reaction with O₃ is always non-linear in view of the pH dependence of the reaction rates.