惠州:全市禁燃高污染燃料

正全市范围纳入高污染燃料禁燃区,逾期继续燃用高污染燃料的或处最高罚款20万元。2018年1月12日起,全市范围内禁止新建、扩建20蒸吨/小时以下(不含)的燃煤锅炉。……1月12日,惠州市政府发布并实施《关于重新划定惠州市高污染燃料禁燃区的通告》(以下简称《通告》),扩大高污染燃料禁燃区,不断提升环境空气质量,持续擦亮"惠州蓝"品牌。高污染燃料禁燃区不断扩大根据国家和省的工作安排,结合大气污染防治工作需要,惠州市分别于2010年7月2日、2012年11月20及2015年10月31日三次发布     

生物质颗粒层燃工业锅炉节能减排技术分析与测试研究

生物质颗粒层燃工业锅炉的节能减排技术主要取决于生物质颗粒燃料特性、锅炉系统和燃烧技术。介绍了生物质颗粒燃料特性、生物质颗粒层燃锅炉和燃烧技术特点,并结合一台DZW6-1.25型生物质颗粒层燃锅炉能效测试说明生物质颗粒层燃技术在工业锅炉应用的高效低污染燃烧的节能环保技术优点。     

江门:大限已到,全面禁燃

正2017年12月,江门市人民政府发布了《关于扩大江门市区高污染燃料禁燃区的通告》(以下简称《通告》)。《通告》要求"蓬江区、江海区、新会区会城街道全行政区域划定为高污染燃料禁燃区(以下简称‘禁燃区’)""已建成燃用高污染燃料的各类设施(新增禁燃区范围内单台出力65蒸吨/小时以上的高污染燃料锅炉除外)在2018年3月底前依法予以拆除或者改造,改用天然气、页岩气、液化石油气、电或者其他清洁能源"。     

锅炉使用不同类型燃料的运行费用及环境影响比较分析

本文对燃煤锅炉、燃生物质锅炉、燃油锅炉以及燃气锅炉在能源消耗、燃料费用及环保要求方面进行了比较分析,得出燃煤锅炉燃料费用最低,燃油(液化石油气)锅炉燃料费用最高;天然气从燃料价格和环保角度分析比较经济,长远来看是经济又环保的锅炉燃料。     

运用生物质能直燃技术对燃煤锅炉改造的可行性方案

本文主要分析了稻壳的作为生物燃料的特点及运用稻壳作为燃料的政策依据.详细闸述了运用生物质能直燃技术对燃煤锅炉改造的领先的技术水平,锅炉改造方案,生产流程,项目完成后达到的经济及环保效益.同时,也详细闸述了可能遇到的风险.结论:以实际运行来看,该项目在锅炉改造,发电等方面有重大的推广价值.     

燃用褐煤锅炉的电除尘器选型设计特点

本文分析了发展燃用褐煤锅炉机组的战略意义,介绍了燃烧褐煤锅炉的烟尘特性,阐述针对这些烟尘特性对电除尘器性能影响和设计.总结燃用褐煤电除尘器的特点,为燃用褐煤锅炉的电除尘器设计和项目科研、环评时提供参考.     

汽油机燃用乙醇和汽油的混合燃料的试验研究

对摩托车汽油机进行了燃用乙醇 汽油混合燃料的试验,并与燃用汽油时的结果进行了对比分析.结果显示,汽油机燃用乙醇和汽油的混合燃料,当混合燃料中乙醇比例为10%和15%时,即使发动机的结构不变、燃油系统和点火系统不作任何调整的时候,发动机的全负荷输出不受影响,发动机的能耗率得到改善,HC和CO排放有所降低,但是NOx排放会有显著增加.     

锅炉使用不能再“任性”

正燃煤锅炉不得直接燃用高硫高灰分的原煤;2016年底前,一般控制区各市要将城市建成区全部划为高污染燃料禁燃区,并淘汰禁燃区内75%的燃用高污染燃料锅炉……2月22日,广东省环境保护厅、广东省发展和改革委员会、广东省经济和信息化委员会、广东省质量技术监督局联合印发《广东省     

浅析燃木屑锅炉的消烟除尘改造

通过对燃木屑锅炉消烟除尘的改造 ,得出对于不同燃料结构的锅炉所采用的消烟除尘方法也应随烟尘的性质改变而改变的结论。在传统的燃煤锅炉单筒花岗岩水膜除尘器中心加装竖式喷淋管增加三级倒扣盆状水膜能解决密度小、颗粒细的木屑烟尘净化难题。     

飞灰回燃在电站锅炉中的应用

针对兴澄钢铁有限公司电站锅炉存在的问 题，简介飞灰回燃技术。探讨飞灰回燃在电站锅炉中应 用的必要性、应用情况、可行性。     

Forest policies and programs affecting vulnerability and adaptation to climate change

Due to large scale afforestation programs and forest conservation legislations, India’s total forest area seems to have stabilized or even increased. In spite of such efforts, forest fragmentation and degradation continues, with forests being subject to increased pressure due to anthropogenic factors. Such fragmentation and degradation is leading to the forest cover to change from very dense to moderately dense and open forest and 253 km² of very dense forest has been converted to moderately dense forest, open forest, scrub and non-forest (during 2005–2007). Similarly, there has been a degradation of 4,120 km² of moderately dense forest to open forest, scrub and non-forest resulting in a net loss of 936 km² of moderately dense forest. Additionally, 4,335 km² of open forest have degraded to scrub and non-forest. Coupled with pressure due to anthropogenic factors, climate change is likely to be an added stress on forests. Forest sector programs and policies are major factors that determine the status of forests and potentially resilience to projected impacts of climate change. An attempt is made to review the forest policies and programs and their implications for the status of forests and for vulnerability of forests to projected climate change. The study concludes that forest conservation and development policies and programs need to be oriented to incorporate climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation.     

浅述中国森林植被保护与可持续发展

人类为了满足生活和生产的需求,对森林资源的过度索取,已造成森林植被的毁坏及生态系统的自动调节能力的破坏,引起了生态失调甚至造成生态系统崩溃.森林植被破坏对人类社会发展造成了气候异常、温室效应等恶果.为此提倡中国的森林植被保护与可持续发展要从法制和管理方面入手,达到改善生态环境和森林资源持续发展及利用的目的.     

环境与生态系统资本价值评估的若干问题

近年来,环境与生态系统资本价值评估中的概念界定、系统价值认定及评价模式选择等之类的问题成为相关研究中有争议的议题.鉴于此,对环境与生态系统资本价值评估中的一些问题进行了探讨.①在肯定环境与生态系统资本价值评估意义的基础上,指出对于环境与生态系统的整体价值要予以充分估价;②针对目前评价模式单一的现状,提出了整合类型与区域评估的新模式;③在分析了环境与生态系统的资本价值在空间上流动之后,认为应对价值的积累和流动过程给予充分关注;最后,提出了几条具体的建议.     

论我国用汞总量的削减

分析比较了我国的用汞数量、世界汞的产量及用量的统计数据,从汞本身的污染危害性,我国用汞和污染现状及发展趋势,以及应对全球限汞、禁汞趋势等方面论述了我国用汞总量亟待削减和削减的可行性。并以体温计行业为例,提出了我国削减用汞总量的具体建议:控制生产规模,慎批新建涉汞加工利用的生产项目,并逐渐淘汰生产规模过小的企业;充分运用法律和行政管理手段,逐渐提升对涉汞企业的要求,将最低环保门槛与择优审批相结合;严格限制某些含汞产品的销售和使用;大力推广替代产品和技术;组织对废弃产品中的汞进行集中回收和处置;修订和制订相关涉汞标准;制订我国涉汞行业的用汞削减规划和相应的产业调整计划,逐步限汞,最终禁汞。      

The Adaptive Capacity Wheel: a method to assess the inherent characteristics of institutions to enable the adaptive capacity of society

Climate change potentially brings continuous and unpredictable changes in weather patterns. Consequently, it calls for institutions that promote the adaptive capacity of society and allow society to modify its institutions at a rate commensurate with the rate of environmental change. Institutions, traditionally conservative and reactive, will now have to support social actors to proactively respond through planned processes and deliberate steps, but also through cherishing and encouraging spontaneous and autonomous change, as well as allowing for institutional redesign. This paper addresses the question: How can the inherent characteristics of institutions to stimulate the capacity of society to adapt to climate change from local through to national level be assessed? On the basis of a literature review and several brainstorm sessions, this paper presents six dimensions: Variety, learning capacity, room for autonomous change, leadership, availability of resources and fair governance. These dimensions and their 22 criteria form the Adaptive Capacity Wheel. This wheel can help academics and social actors to assess if institutions stimulate the adaptive capacity of society to respond to climate change; and to focus on whether and how institutions need to be redesigned. This paper also briefly demonstrates the application of this Adaptive Capacity Wheel to different institutions.     

A Framework and Key Questions for Adapting to Climate Variability and Change

There is a critical need to collectively understand, to develop adaptation options to enhance the benefits, and to reduce the social and economic vulnerabilities induced by climate variability and change. This paper uses key questions to help build a framework for adaptation by first organizing the questions into adaptation science, management and option components, including their respective sub-categories. The process of adaptation depends on many factors, including who or what adapts, what they adapt to, how they adapt and what and how resources are used. This conceptual model is designed to organize concepts regarding adaptation, to help stimulate ideas, and to explore the linkages among parts of the adaptation cycle. Predictive models need to be developed to determine the outcomes of planned adaptation strategies. For the best and most realistic evaluation of climate problems, adaptation and impacts should be considered together. This joint approach improves the assessment of the significance and dangers of the current and future climate, as well as the determination of solutions (e.g., how to prepare for a changing climate) and their priorities. Challenges of adaptive management are discussed in terms of a framework with linkages to adaptation science and options. Adaptation research and applications work continue to build on the foundation of science and management frameworks to address the risks and uncertainties in the decision-making process and to identify adaptation options.     

Mitigation of the Impact of Tropical Cyclones in Northern Australia through Community Capacity Enhancement

Community mitigation of hazard impact requires hazard knowledge and preparedness on the part of the members of diverse and complex communities. Longitudinal research in the tropical cyclone prone north of Australia has gathered extensive datasets on community awareness, preparedness and knowledge, in order to contribute to education campaigns and mitigation strategies. Data have been used to identify issues of vulnerability to cyclones and capacity to deal with the hazard. This has been developed as a community vulnerability and capacity model that may be applied to diverse communities in order to assess levels of capability to mitigate and deal with the cyclone hazard. The model is presented here in a simplified form as its development is evolving and ongoing.     

空气环境污染对户外体育运动人群影响研究

空气污染对户外体育运动人群的身体健康有显著的影响,空气中的污染物质比如固体颗粒物、硫化氢、一氧化碳、臭氧、粉尘和酸雾、气溶胶等都会对人体产生巨大的危害,导致各种呼吸系统以及肺功能疾病,甚至引发癌症,为了保护户外体育运动人群的健康,研究空气环境污染的成分以及来源,分析空气环境污染的防治措施等。具体分析空气污染物质对户外体育运动人群的危害性因素,并采取针对性的措施预防空气污染对人体带来的损害,确保体育运动人群的身体健康。     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques,with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity. During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints

Climate change is expected to adversely affect agricultural production in Africa. Because agricultural production remains the main source of income for most rural communities in the region, adaptation of the agricultural sector is imperative to protect the livelihoods of the poor and to ensure food security. A better understanding of farmers’ perceptions of climate change, ongoing adaptation measures, and the decision-making process is important to inform policies aimed at promoting successful adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector. Using data from a survey of 1800 farm households in South Africa and Ethiopia, this study presents the adaptation strategies used by farmers in both countries and analyzes the factors influencing the decision to adapt. We find that the most common adaptation strategies include: use of different crops or crop varieties, planting trees, soil conservation, changing planting dates, and irrigation. However, despite having perceived changes in temperature and rainfall, a large percentage of farmers did not make any adjustments to their farming practices. The main barriers to adaptation cited by farmers were lack of access to credit in South Africa and lack of access to land, information, and credit in Ethiopia. A probit model is used to examine the factors influencing farmers’ decision to adapt to perceived climate changes. Factors influencing farmers’ decision to adapt include wealth, and access to extension, credit, and climate information in Ethiopia; and wealth, government farm support, and access to fertile land and credit in South Africa. Using a pooled dataset, an analysis of the factors affecting the decision to adapt to perceived climate change across both countries reveals that farmers were more likely to adapt if they had access to extension, credit, and land. Food aid, extension services, and information on climate change were found to facilitate adaptation among the poorest farmers. We conclude that policy-makers must create an enabling environment to support adaptation by increasing access to information, credit and markets, and make a particular effort to reach small-scale subsistence farmers, with limited resources to confront climate change.